s**********8
发帖数: 25265 | 1 Failure mode and effects analysis
From Wikipedia,
A failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) is a procedure in product
development and operations management for analysis of potential failure
modes within a system for classification by the severity and likelihood of
the failures. A successful FMEA activity helps a team to identify potential
failure modes based on past experience with similar products or processes,
enabling the team to design those failures out of the system with the
minimum of e... 阅读全帖 |
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j*****h
发帖数: 3292 | 3 【 以下文字转载自 TexasHoldem 讨论区 】
发信人: dch1010 (Jim), 信区: TexasHoldem
标 题: Money Effect
发信站: BBS 未名空间站 (Wed Mar 11 04:18:54 2015, 美东)
poker本身就是各种因素相融合的game，导致了一个现象：大多数玩家，甚至很多玩了
一定年头的玩家，心中仍然是一团浆糊，穆哈哈哈，不知道怎么打是对，怎么打是错（
当然，这个比坚信错误的打法是正确的，还是要好一些）。所以，我先提出这个Money
Effect的概念，至少让大家在漫长的poker之路上，扫清一个干扰因素吧。
之后，我会专门码一篇关于心理因素对玩poker的重要影响，而Money Effect应该算是
心理因素里的一个大方面。
当然，这是基于我现阶段的经验总结，或许今后，随着对这个游戏认识的深入，对
Money Effect的理解还会进入新的阶段，也未尝可知。
既然这篇讲的是金钱效应，还是觉得有必要先提一下，另一个概念，即当前session的
总买入和session盈利之间的关系。
从心理学角度讲，更多的人愿意拿盈利的那... 阅读全帖 |
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m***x
发帖数: 788 | 4 http://divorcesupport.about.com/od/abusiverelationships/p/effec
Negative Effects of Domestic Violence
By Cathy Meyer, About.com Guide
Effectives of Domestic Violence:
I think it is understood that domestic violence has a negative effect on the
victim. The longer the abuse continues the more negative the effects. It is
crucial to the physical, psychological, social well fare of the victim that
they recognize abuse and remove themselves from the situation quickly.
Below is a list of the negati... 阅读全帖 |
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t****g
发帖数: 35582 | 5 你把自己去年的1040翻出来，如果是用的turbo tax之类的报税，会自动给你算
effective tax rate。
我们家去年taxable income不到150K， effective rate (federal) 14.2%。
其实如果没有mortgage做itemize的，按照standard decution, exempt, tax rate
table做个估算就知道你刚才引的那文章的数字不靠铺。
再说一个不靠铺的原因，他前后数字自相矛盾。
But assuming he's correct, here's why his effective rate is probably higher
than most people's: The effective tax rate is always going to be lower than
one's top income tax rate. And the top rate for roughly four-fifths of Ameri
cans is 15% or less, said Roberton Wil... 阅读全帖 |
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d*****0
发帖数: 1500 | 6 poker本身就是各种因素相融合的game，导致了一个现象：大多数玩家，甚至很多玩了
一定年头的玩家，心中仍然是一团浆糊，穆哈哈哈，不知道怎么打是对，怎么打是错（
当然，这个比坚信错误的打法是正确的，还是要好一些）。所以，我先提出这个Money
Effect的概念，至少让大家在漫长的poker之路上，扫清一个干扰因素吧。
之后，我会专门码一篇关于心理因素对玩poker的重要影响，而Money Effect应该算是
心理因素里的一个大方面。
当然，这是基于我现阶段的经验总结，或许今后，随着对这个游戏认识的深入，对
Money Effect的理解还会进入新的阶段，也未尝可知。
既然这篇讲的是金钱效应，还是觉得有必要先提一下，另一个概念，即当前session的
总买入和session盈利之间的关系。
从心理学角度讲，更多的人愿意拿盈利的那一部分去冒险（反正输了那部分，今天也不
算输），或者当玩家输钱的时候，不愿意停止，潜意识里总想把坑填回来，至少保证今
天的session持平。这个严格意义上讲，应该不属于金钱效应，我就只给个结论，当前
session的总买入和session盈利有个毛线关系。... 阅读全帖 |
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P*********y
发帖数: 310 | 7 家庭用卡拉ok混响器市面上有很多选择。本版一直推崇的Allen&Heath ZED-10FX效果是
好，但操作复杂，虽然一旦设定基本不需要再调整，但一不小心某个钮被动了之后，一
般用户还是要花些时间琢磨才能恢复，如果不"按图索骥"的话。
本人入了Alesis Multimix USB FX 4-Channel Mixer with Effects有一段时间了。虽
然在亚马逊上的评价不一（多数人是用来做录音用），但本人认为作为家庭用卡拉ok混
响器还是简单够用的，而且价格只有ZED-10FX三分之一不到。下面是我在亚马逊上的
review,希望借此提供给大家多一个选择的机会：
Some of my friends and myself were looking for a mixer for our new home
karaoke systems. A mixer for such a purpose doesn’t need to have many
channels such as 8 or 16. Four channels are usually enough – two fo... 阅读全帖 |
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o****o
发帖数: 423 | 8 Side Effects, suspense&drama, 8/10 (85% on RT)
The official trailer turned out to be concealing and misleading: A
psychiatrist (Law), prescribed a new antidepressant drug to a young patient
(Mara, the fierce Dragon girl), who apparently had a sweet lover. It looks
like despise of his family, Law developed the intimacy beyond the legal
relationship between him and the attractive, vulnerable patient. And there
was a murder, there was conspiracy, there was devastation, and there was
punishment.
So ... 阅读全帖 |
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c****t
发帖数: 19049 | 9 呵呵看来您不知道自己说反了。random effects之所以要用不同的设定是因为所用的
predictor表现特别;而不是因为不同的coefficient设定才把一个predictor变成了
random effect
比如说楼主决定用income作predictor,如果一个intercept,一个slope就可以算出不错
的prediction,那么fixed effect model就搞定。需要做random effect model最简单（
但不是最常见）的情况:不同income有不同的intercepts（假定slope还都一样）。比如
0-50k intercept 1000, 50k-100k intercept 1, 100k+ intercept 10。这样的
relationship不是linear,linear model可以做但predicition不好。而用smoother也许
能提高prediction但不make sense。这时用random effect model效果最好。
为深嘛这predictor这么特别。原因是income其实不是最合适的pr... 阅读全帖 |
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h***a
发帖数: 312 | 11 Confounding: A situation in which the effect or association between an
exposure and outcome is distorted by the presence of another variable.
Positive confounding (when the observed association is biased away from the
null) and negative confounding (when the observed association is biased
toward the null) both occur.
* Effect modification : a variable that differentially (positively and
negatively) modifies the observed effect of a risk factor on disease status.
Different groups have diffe... 阅读全帖 |
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d******u
发帖数: 1142 | 12 这篇文章里关于stretch 和 warmup 一些说法和我们平时了解的不大一样，贴出来供大
家讨论。
The 3 Most Effective Ways to Waste Time in the Gym
You are likely wasting time on all three.
by Mark Rippetoe
Time is money.
Money is scarce these days, everywhere but D.C. You want to be stronger, so
you go to the gym. The best use of your time there is the simple progressive
barbell training program we have discussed before, one that drives an
upward strength adaptation with a programmed increase in load over a full
range of motion using as m... 阅读全帖 |
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R*****s
发帖数: 41236 | 13 Garmin Connect左边心跳栏下面一行，好像只要有心律的workout就有这个指标，
游泳没有...
What is Training Effect?
Have you ever wondered what good your workout is doing? Training Effect
measures the impact of exercise on your aerobic fitness. Using your heart
rate, Training Effect tells you if the exercise you do is maintaining your
current fitness level or improving it. With that information, you can vary
your intensity to achieve your goals.
Training Effect is for all aerobic sports, all equipment and all healthy
individuals.
... 阅读全帖 |
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c***z
发帖数: 6348 | 14 Weird, I found the Chinese version harder to understand...
If you are talking about panel data, here is a link
http://www.princeton.edu/~otorres/Panel101.pdf
In short:
The fixed-effects model controls for all time-invariant
differences between the individuals, so the estimated
coefficients of the fixed-effects models cannot be biased
because of omitted time-invariant characteristics…[like culture,
religion, gender, race, etc]
One side effect of the features of fixed-effects models is that
they c... 阅读全帖 |
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w*******y
发帖数: 60932 | 15 24 hours only.
GamersGate:
http://www.gamersgate.com/all?q=eaweek&aff=ggnews
is also running other 24 hour deals this week.
I personally bought Mass Effect 2 from GamersGate a few weeks ago, and didn'
t run into any problems with the buying/downloading process.
Mass Effect 1 is also $8, and ME2 Digital Deluxe Edition is $20.
Deal schedule:
Thursday
Mass Effect - 60%
Mass Effect 2 - 50%
Mass Effect 2 Digital Deluxe Edition - 50%
Mass Effect 1+2 Bundle - 50%
(bundles are strangely more expensive |
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l****z
发帖数: 29846 | 17 Leftist Federal Judge Tries to Undo Most Effective Anti-Gun Measure in the
USA
by Jammie
Ironically, many the people now waging war on the Second Amendment are also
the same folks who furiously protest sensible measures to combat the
scourge of illegal weapons on the streets of our large cities overrun with
crime. In New York City the NYPD has been employing stop-and-frisk measures
with great success over the past few years despite the protestations of the
usual suspects on the left, notably O... 阅读全帖 |
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t****t
发帖数: 610 | 18 LP打算6月30辞职，H1b转H4. 因为I-539没法明确指出生效日期，如果批的effective
date早于6月30日，岂非effective date 到6月30号之间是非法工作，如果effective
date晚于6月30号，那6月30号到effective date之间岂非非法居留？请问如何告诉
uscis expected effective date? |
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t****t
发帖数: 610 | 19 LP打算6月30辞职，H1b转H4. 因为I-539没法明确指出生效日期，如果批的effective
date早于6月30日，岂非effective date 到6月30号之间是非法工作，如果effective
date晚于6月30号，那6月30号到effective date之间岂非非法居留？请问如何告诉
uscis expected effective date? |
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S********t
发帖数: 4402 | 20 你看这篇文章：
Is Romney's effective tax rate lower than yours?
http://money.cnn.com/2012/01/18/news/economy/Romney_effective_t
"If you consider income tax liability alone, the average effective federal
tax rate for people with incomes between $40,000 and $50,000, for instance,
is just 3.2%, according to Tax Policy Center estimates. "
"For families making $50,000 to $75,000, the effective tax rate is 5.7%.
From $75,000 to $100,000, it's 7.2%. And if you make $200,000, it goes up to
9.9%."
"On the highe... 阅读全帖 |
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l******8
发帖数: 9475 | 21 如果研究结果是可信的, 你还想把自家的狗去势吗?
http://www.caninesports.com/SNBehaviorBoneDataSnapShot.pdf
======================================================================
重点摘抄:
By using large a sample of dogs than any used previously to examine behavior
in dogs, we found significant correlations between neutering dogs and
increases in
aggression, fear and anxiety, and excitability, regardless of the age at
which the dog was neutered. There were also significant correlations between
neutering and decreases in tr... 阅读全帖 |
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wh
发帖数: 141625 | 22 哈哈好呀，我隐约记得也提到affective/effective，可能记错了。affect和effect好
像更容易区别。我前面说的emotionally affective是同义反复了，其实是想说
affective强调的是emotionally，effective就只是影响、没有emotional的涵义。当然
emotionally effective就等于affective了，哈哈你的英语更对。不过如果是
emotionally effective，一般就直接说成affective了。 |
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b*******g
发帖数: 513 | 23 为什么在mixed models中加入random effects，response就conditionally
independent了？看了一些书上写的，random effects是用来消除corellated
responses中的correlation的。不管是general linear mixed models,还是genralized
linear mixed models，加入random effects，responses就从correlated，变为
conditionally independent了。基本上书上都这么写，但没写为什么？哪位大虾知道
？还有mixed models中都是什么样的effects能成为random effects？ |
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g********r
发帖数: 8017 | 24 我也是一知半解,欢迎拍砖:
比如说在板上随机挑出几个人来,到各大饭店品尝红烧肉.作为评价红烧肉好坏,Y就是各
人吃的量.X呢,我们感兴趣的是红烧肉的色泽,肥瘦比例之类的.
决定吃多少,还有个重要的参数就是各人的食量.比如版主大人,根据ID和雅号,那一定吃
的比较多.可是呢,这个不能当作一个fixed effect.尤其是观察量比较少的时候.操作上
来说,会吹大估计值的方差.哲学上说,我们不应该给板上好几百口子每人一个fixed
effect, 而应该把它当作从一个population里的抽样.所以就叫random effect了.
有的人,比如我老板,对random effect非常的不鸟,认为那是缩小方差的一个小手段. |
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F****n
发帖数: 3271 | 25 Effect == regression coefficient for a IV (or intercept)
Fixed Effect == the coefficient is a constant for your population
Random Effects == the coefficient is itself a random variable. Normally it
assumes there are sub-populations in your original population, each of which
has a different coefficient for a given IV, and can be estimated based on
some variables at the sub-population levels (group effects). |
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k*******a
发帖数: 772 | 26 "SAS for mixed models"摘了几段话
An effect is called fixed if the levels in the
study represent all possible levels of the factor, or at least all levels
about which inference is to
be made.
Factor effects are random if they are used in the study to represent only a
sample (ideally, a
random sample) of a larger set of potential levels. The factor effects
corresponding to the larger
set of levels constitute a population with a probability distribution. The
last statement bears
repeating because it goe... 阅读全帖 |
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d**********2
发帖数: 14 | 27 Hi,
在用SAS做ANOVA analysis的时候(我用的是proc glm), 怎么样specify哪些variable是
within-subject effect, 哪些variable是between-subject effect? 我知道所有
repeated measures variables都是within-subject effect, 可是我的data不属于这种
情况啊, 而且如果有多于两个viariables属于within-subject effects, 这个repeated
option很不好用啊, 没办法specify两个或者两个以上的repeated measures
variables.
万分感激!
Laomao |
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a**j
发帖数: 60 | 28 你要知道是random effect 还是fixed effect, 用factorial model 还是nested model
between-subject effect
within-subject effect
with group, between group?
如果是的话， 用nested model
一个women right 的题 的部分SAS code 及解释
/*Conduct anova specifies that both ciri and wecon are categorial variable,
nest model ciri is nested with wecon specifies that ciri is random variable
. Conduct model diagnostics by plots=diagnostics option*/
ods graphics on;
proc glm data=torture1 PLOTS=DIAGNOSTICS ;
class ciri wecon;
model physint1=weco... 阅读全帖 |
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c********h
发帖数: 330 | 29 如果一个factor的levels是fixed，比如gender，只有male和female，一般就
incoporate as fixed effect
如果一个factor的levels只是对应于某个实验或者observational study，比如说
batches,subjects，换了别的实验就不是这些levels了，那么一般用random effect
如果一个model have both fixed effects and random effects，那么就是mixed
effect model |
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j********2
发帖数: 5 | 30 做了两年generalized linear mixed model的人飘过～～～
beta是parameter，不是任何factor/effect。
random effect指的是某个X。
natural grouping确实是核心概念之一，还有另外一点就是我们并不在乎random
effect的意义，我们并不interpret它。
fixed model跟random model实际上就是variance-covariance structure不同。
其实只要看formula就能明白的。fixed effect在formula里面不是随机的，而random
effect在formula里面是random的，服从某个分布的，通常这个分布是normal（0，
sigma）。 |
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C********7
发帖数: 3 | 31 Suppose you get a sample data set and want to do regression analysis, then
the effect you get from this sample data set is the fixed effect.Random
effect is the effect that the data set regarding to the whole population
that the data set come out as a sample.
Not sure if you understand this but it will be helpful if you can find a
text book concept with examples. |
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b*d
发帖数: 161 | 34 The force of the Hillary Effect
By Derrick Z. Jackson
Globe Columnist / October 18, 2008
THE BRADLEY EFFECT is fading into the Hillary Effect.
The former is the phenomenon that the polls overestimate how much white
voters will support a black candidate. The latter was in full force Thursday
at Barack Obama's first rally of the homestretch of the presidential
campaign. Huge numbers of women from New Hampshire and Massachusetts who
breathed fire into Hillary Clinton's campaign after Clinton was st |
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D*****r
发帖数: 175 | 35 看大家讨论GW讨论的不亦乐乎，很多人却对什么是GHG Effect不太清楚。附件里面是
在网上找到的一个ppt，希望大家有空看一下。
首先，GHG Effect对人来说是很重要的。根据最最简化的radiation balance计算（
很粗略），地球的表面平均温度应该是255K。这个温度是不适合生命生存的，但是实际
上地球的表面平均温度是288K（PPT第二页）。GHG Effect就像一个棉被，给地球保温
。反过来火星就是没有这层棉被，才过冷，金星则是这床棉被太厚，过热。
第二，水蒸汽确实是影响最大的GHG。但是现在一般认为，人的行为不太能影响水汽
的存在（ppt里面就举了一个正反馈和一个负反馈的例子）。当然也有很多人在做这方
面的研究。
第三，CO2是被证实的受人类活动影响的GHG，这个有实测的数据支持。（请搜索
Keeling Curve）。
第四，GHG Effect是非线性的。PPT里面也提到，就算CO2 double，地面多收到的热
量估计是～4W/m2. 和太阳辐射的强度比起来不值一提，不过他还是有影响。
第五，其他GHG，包括CH4,N2O,C |
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k*****y
发帖数: 2069 | 36 ☆─────────────────────────────────────☆
DiWater (DiWater) 于 (Tue Dec 23 10:56:24 2008) 提到:
看大家讨论GW讨论的不亦乐乎，很多人却对什么是GHG Effect不太清楚。附件里面是
在网上找到的一个ppt，希望大家有空看一下。
首先，GHG Effect对人来说是很重要的。根据最最简化的radiation balance计算（
很粗略），地球的表面平均温度应该是255K。这个温度是不适合生命生存的，但是实际
上地球的表面平均温度是288K（PPT第二页）。GHG Effect就像一个棉被，给地球保温
。反过来火星就是没有这层棉被，才过冷，金星则是这床棉被太厚，过热。
第二，水蒸汽确实是影响最大的GHG。但是现在一般认为，人的行为不太能影响水汽
的存在（ppt里面就举了一个正反馈和一个负反馈的例子）。当然也有很多人在做这方
面的研究。
第三，CO2是被证实的受人类活动影响的GHG，这个有实测的数据支持。（请搜索
Keeling Curve）。
第四，GHG Effect |
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g********2
发帖数: 6571 | 37 October 25, 2016
November 8: Trump +5
By Andrew Grant White
Conventional wisdom says Trump's a dead duck, and we all know how prescient
is conventional wisdom. Only two weeks left until election, and
RealClearPolitics (RCP) puts Clinton about 6 points ahead. So confident is
Hillary (supposedly) that one newspaper now urges her to divert some from
the presidential campaign and help Democrats in Senate and House races. We
should be so lucky.
Back to the point. Presidential polls are split into... 阅读全帖 |
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g********2
发帖数: 6571 | 38 October 25, 2016
November 8: Trump +5
By Andrew Grant White
Conventional wisdom says Trump's a dead duck, and we all know how prescient
is conventional wisdom. Only two weeks left until election, and
RealClearPolitics (RCP) puts Clinton about 6 points ahead. So confident is
Hillary (supposedly) that one newspaper now urges her to divert some from
the presidential campaign and help Democrats in Senate and House races. We
should be so lucky.
Back to the point. Presidential polls are split into... 阅读全帖 |
|
g**********2
发帖数: 133 | 39 一个很好的哥们申请了个postdoc fellowship，但由于身体原因回国治病，暂停了
半年。由于身体健康状况现在还是不行，不能返回，不得不停止该fellowship。由于暂
停期间还有research funding payment，现在要求写正式的辞职信，尤其是说明
effective termination date来计算funding，从而收回多发的funding。他认为应该是
suspension前一天为正式的effective termination date，因为该天后他没有正式工作
。但他老板让他写暂停后的某一天为正式的effective termination date。不知为何，
朋友担心他的老板这样做是有私心，为了少返回很多暂停期间的funding。
哥们很犹豫，担心这样写的话，funding部门会责备他，因为这是他的辞职信。以
后可能会被该部门封杀，不能申请所有的funding。问题是：这种情况下effective
termination date 到底是暂停前还是暂停后的某一天？funding部门应该按哪天来计算
funding？
... 阅读全帖 |
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m*********h
发帖数: 5449 | 40 Authors: Honghui Chen and Vijay Singal
Abstract: We present evidence on the December effect. When investors do not
sell winner stocks in December but postpone their sale to January so that
capital gains will not be realized in the current fiscal year, the “winners
” appreciate in December. The December effect is relatively easy to
arbitrage. We also present evidence regarding the persistence of the January
effect and note that the January effect continues because it is difficult
to exploit profi... 阅读全帖 |
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h********8
发帖数: 7355 | 41 【 以下文字转载自 Automobile 讨论区 】
发信人: painkiller (妙手), 信区: Automobile
标 题: 加州政府穷疯了 HUGE California Traffic Tickets Fines Effective 01/06/2012
发信站: BBS 未名空间站 (Fri Jan 6 14:49:25 2012, 美东)
同事转发的邮件，在加州的同学开车要小心了
CALIFORNIANS: BE VERY CAREFUL OUT THERE!
THE LOS ANGELES TIMES HAS AN ARTICLE ON THE SUBJECT: "FLOORING IT ON CAR
FINES".
PASS IT ON TO YOUR FRIENDS AND ACQUAINTANCES !
Subject: Important Notice: HUGE California Traffic Tickets Fines Effective
01/06/2012
Please be extremely careful in your d... 阅读全帖 |
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c**********g
发帖数: 1607 | 42 【 以下文字转载自 Automobile 讨论区 】
发信人: painkiller (妙手), 信区: Automobile
标 题: 加州政府穷疯了 HUGE California Traffic Tickets Fines Effective 01/06/2012
发信站: BBS 未名空间站 (Fri Jan 6 14:49:25 2012, 美东)
同事转发的邮件，在加州的同学开车要小心了
CALIFORNIANS: BE VERY CAREFUL OUT THERE!
THE LOS ANGELES TIMES HAS AN ARTICLE ON THE SUBJECT: "FLOORING IT ON CAR
FINES".
PASS IT ON TO YOUR FRIENDS AND ACQUAINTANCES !
Subject: Important Notice: HUGE California Traffic Tickets Fines Effective
01/06/2012
Please be extremely careful in your d... 阅读全帖 |
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m******o
发帖数: 8504 | 43 道高一尺，魔高一丈，哈宝的小算盘行不通的了。
NCAA bans satellite camps effective immediately
The NCAA has shut down satellite camps, effective immediately, with a ruling
Friday by the Division I Council that requires FBS programs to conduct all
clinics at school facilities or facilities regularly used for practice or
competition.
Satellite camps rose to prominence over the past year as several programs,
notably Michigan and others from the Big Ten, conducted camps in the South
and regions rich in recruiting prospects... 阅读全帖 |
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c**********a
发帖数: 6 | 44 Dendritic polymers can be used as effective decoloring agent.
Dendrimers can effectively remove triarylmethane dyes. Its advantages are: (
1) the higher the pH value, the better the decoloring effect, the highest
decolorization rate is 99.8% (2) less dosage, achieve good results with
dosage concentration of 33.3mg / L (3) dendrimer can be reused, and to
maintain a high decolorization activity; (4) Dendrimer has a good treatment
effect for different components of the sewage (5) a low concentratio... 阅读全帖 |
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c**********e
发帖数: 2007 | 45 1. More Effective C++: 35 New Ways to Improve Your Programs and Designs
2. Stroustup and/or Coplien's "Advanced C++ Programming Styles and Idioms"
3. Murray's "C++ Strategies and Tactics"
After reading "Effective C++", I plan to read "More Effective C++".
But from Amazon, a reviewer is against "More Effective C++". Is 2 or
3 a better reading? Any other suggestions? Thanks a lot |
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g*******4
发帖数: 1889 | 46 Ask for help... thanks!
Type 3 Tests of Fixed Effects
Num Den
Effect DF DF F Value Pr > F
supplement 2 51 10.31 0.0002
time 4 203 118.24 <.0001
supplement*time 8 203 3.14 0.0023
How to interpret this table? especially regarding the diffe... 阅读全帖 |
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s**********7
发帖数: 24 | 47 最近在做一个project，有一个数据，是一群人的考试数据，有 ID， binary
response 0/1， 0 是错误回答，1是正确回答, 以及age, gender, years of
education 这样的variable.
Psychology/measurement 里有IRT model， 所以要求用这一堆数据和Rasch
Model (one parameter logistic Model)来估计item difficulty parameter. 这个比
较简单，用HLM，item 是level1, 人的能力是 level 2.item nested within 每个人，
PROC GLIMMIX 就得出来了。
还有一个要求是用 SAS PROC GLIMMIX，用这个binary response 数据和age
, gender, yearsofeducation variable 来model 人的能力. 我有一点没想通，人的能
力是latent trait，在HLM (Multilevel mixed-m... 阅读全帖 |
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v*******a
发帖数: 1193 | 48 good topic.
Let me ask one more question
Is random effect = random intercept?
然后我来讲个我的理解：
eg:减肥药，减肥有没有有效，那个就是fixed effect
但是每个人基础体重不一样，胖的减的估计就多，瘦的减的少，
那就是 random effect
这样解释对吗？ |
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A*******s
发帖数: 3942 | 49 有时候用random effect是因为特殊的目的，
而不一定是因为data本身的性质。
比如说你也提到了level太多，
这时候random effect起的是shrinkage的作用，
或者说是减少model df的。
或者说需要model correlation
可以用random effect也可以用GEE-type的办法
或者说是需要用到Empirical Bayes Estimates的...
还有用来model unconstant variance的...
这个单子能列很长吧，呵呵...
a |
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s******5
发帖数: 513 | 50 the model is
y=mu + beta + g + e
where y is a vector with n individuals
beta is a fixed effect
g=(g1,,,,gm) is random effects
e is the random error
question 1:
we assume var(e)=R*square(sigma_e), where R is an known matrix. How to
incorporate this R matrix in the glm code?
question 2:
g=(g1,,,,gm) is random effects;we assume var(g)=D*square(sigma_g), D is a
known n*m matrix.
Is it to split the matrix D by columns as (d1,....,dm), and take individual
column as a random effect independently? Like:... 阅读全帖 |
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