n*****s
发帖数: 343 | 1 【 以下文字转载自 Parenting 讨论区 】
发信人: hopenicole (Nicole), 信区: Parenting
标 题: 一个自闭孩子妈妈的亲身经历和感受（下）
发信站: BBS 未名空间站 (Fri Nov 16 04:07:45 2012, 美东)
在这个帖子里面，我给大家提供一些关于ASD的resource。欢迎其他家长也跟贴进入讨
论。我们几个妈妈商量好了，会不断慢慢加进一些实用的东西。如果要讨论争议话题，
请在（上）篇跟贴。争论太多情绪失控的话，我们随时可能停止回那个贴。但是这个贴
，我们希望能够成为一个常驻贴，有空我们会来多放些有用信息。谢谢大家！ | n*****s
发帖数: 343 | 2 权威的American Academy of Pediatrics，在今年九月份，再次 强调advises
screening children for ASD as early as 18 months of Age.
这是CDC官方网站的内容：
http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/autism/hcp-screening.html
部分原文如下：
Research has found that ASDs can sometimes be detected at 18 months or
younger. By age 2, a diagnosis by an experienced professional can be
considered very reliable.[1] However, many children do not receive a final
diagnosis until they are much older. This delay means that children with an
ASD might not get the help they need. The earlier an ASD is diagnosed, the
sooner treatment services can begin.
The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends that all children be
screened for developmental delays and disabilities during regular well-child
doctor visits at:
• 9 months
• 18 months
• 24 or 30 months
Additional screening might be needed if a child is at high risk for
developmental problems because of preterm birth or low birth weight.
In addition, all children should be screened specifically for ASDs during
regular well-child doctor visits at:
• 18 months
• 24 months
Additional screening might be needed if a child is at high risk for ASDs (e.
g., having a sibling with an ASD) or if symptoms are present.
It is important for doctors to screen all children for developmental delays,
but especially to monitor those who are at a higher risk for developmental
problems due to preterm birth, low birth weight, or having a sibling or
parent with an ASD.
在上面这个链接里面，也能找到一些screening tools，比如著名的MCHAT。 | n*****s
发帖数: 343 | 3 发信人: hopenicole (Nicole), 信区: Parenting
标 题: Re: 一个自闭孩子妈妈的亲身经历和感受（下）
发信站: BBS 未名空间站 (Fri Nov 16 04:09:55 2012, 美东)
我个人强烈推荐下面这个modified MCHAT的interview list，在家长对回答MCHAT问题
迷惑的时候，里面有详细的下一步指导。
http://www2.gsu.edu/~psydlr/Diana_L._Robins,_Ph.D._files/M-CHAT
大力大力推荐下面这个，有很多图片。但是得小心一些。里面很多行为问题是比较严重
的（撞头自残等），我娃有几个小小不然的行为问题，不算明显，所以我一直以为娃不
是ASD。但后来发现只要沾了几样，你就得特别注意观察了。
http://www.autismcanada.org/pdfs/PhysicianHandbook.pdf
对ASD的全面入门介绍，我推荐这个 First 100 Days Kit：
http://www.autismspeaks.org/docs/family_services_docs/100_day_k
另外一本handbook：
http://www.ccbh.com/pdfs/autism/autismHandbookYAB.pdf | n*****s
发帖数: 343 | 4 发信人: hopenicole (Nicole), 信区: Parenting
标 题: Re: 一个自闭孩子妈妈的亲身经历和感受（下）
发信站: BBS 未名空间站 (Fri Nov 16 04:10:39 2012, 美东)
对大家常说起的PDD，ASD的入门小介绍给贴一段，以及treatment的介绍。主要摘自下
面这个网站。
http://www.autismconsortium.com/families/understanding-autism-a
What are PDDs and ASDs?
The term PDD or Pervasive Developmental Disorder is used to describe
problems in a child’s development. PDDs are called “spectrum” disorders
because each child has symptoms that differ in intensity, ranging from mild
to quite severe. All children with PDD, however, have symptoms in these tree
areas:
• Social skills: Such as sharing emotions, understanding how people
are feeling, expressing empathy, or having a conversation
• Communication: Both spoken and unspoken, such as pointing,
gesturing, and making eye contact
• Behaviors or interests: Such as repeating words or actions,
playing with things in an unusual way (spinning objects, lining up toys), or
insisting on following rigid routines or schedules
ASD, Rett Syndrome, and CDD are under the category of PDDs.
Autistic Disorder, PDD-NOS, and Asperger Syndrome are under the category of
Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs).
• Autistic Disorder or Autism is characterized by difficulties in
all three areas (social skills, communication, and behavior/interests — see
above).
• PDD-NOS or High-Functioning Autism describes a child who meets
some but not all the criteria for autism or has milder symptoms in one or
more areas.
• Asperger Syndrome symptoms include difficulties in social
interactions and conversation. A child with Asperger Syndrome might also
have intense or restricted interests and/or challenging behaviors.
Your child’s specialists might use slightly different terms to describe
your child. But even when professionals don’t always use these terms the
same way, they usually agree that a child fits under the broader ASD
category.
Less frequent Pervasive Developmental Disorders
Rett Syndrome is a developmental disorder that begins with normal early
development and is followed by loss of motor skills, particularly hand use,
and distinct hand movements, such as wringing, regression in skills, and
slowed growth.
Childhood Disintegrative Disorder begins with normal development until the
age of 3 or 4 and is followed by severe loss of communication, social, play,
and motor skills.
To read more about ASDs, visit these websites:
www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/autism/facts.html
www.aap.org/healthtopics/autism.cfm
www.autism-help.org
www.autism-pdd.net
www.autism-society.org
www.autismspeaks.org/what-autism
www.iancommunity.org | n*****s
发帖数: 343 | 5 发信人: hopenicole (Nicole), 信区: Parenting
标 题: Re: 一个自闭孩子妈妈的亲身经历和感受（下）
发信站: BBS 未名空间站 (Fri Nov 16 04:11:12 2012, 美东)
关于治疗：
ABA and Floortime are two of the most commonly used comprehensive teaching
approaches for children with ASDs.
Applied Behavioral Analysis (ABA) builds new skills and eliminates difficult
behaviors by breaking tasks down into small steps. This scientifically
researched approach is especially effective in gaining the attention of
children who can be challenging to reach. ABA can be done in any setting --
at a table, on the playground, or in the classroom -- as long as the
provider is a trained ABA professional.
Floortime (also known as DIR – the Developmental, Individual Difference,
Relationship-Based approach) includes highly motivating routines based on
the child’s interests and builds social, communication, and play skills
through increasingly complex, playful interactions. Similar approaches
include Social Communication, Emotional Regulation and Transactional Support
(SCERTS) and Relationship Development Intervention (RDI).
In addition to these approaches, most programs for children with ASDs
incorporate specific tools such as:
• Speech-language therapy, which helps a child learn to understand
and express her or himself through language.
• Total communication interventions, which involve using language,
vocalizations, pictures and gestures as well as sign language and the
Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) – almost any means that a
child can and will use to communicate.
• Occupational therapy, physical therapy and sensory integration
therapy, which respectively focus on a child’s hand and finger skills (fine
motor), large muscle (gross motor), and sensory needs.
• Positive behavioral supports, which minimize challenging
behaviors through rewarding appropriate behaviors, responses, and task
completion.
Medical professionals might also implement the following therapies:
• Medication. There is no medication specifically for ASD. Some
medications can help with symptoms such as hyperactivity, anxiety,
compulsive behaviors, attention, or aggression. Ask your doctor for advice
as to whether one or more medications might be appropriate for your child
and if the benefits outweigh any risks or side effects associated with the
medication.
• Biological therapies, which include specialized or restricted
diets, nutritional supplements and vitamin regimens. Consult your doctor to
determine whether these approaches have been demonstrated to be safe and
effective.
Good programs for children with an ASD will have the following features:
• Focus on social and communication skills.
• Use positive behavior supports and strategies.
• Set goals and assess progress regularly.
• Work with your child’s individual needs and interests.
• Have predictable schedules.
• Have a high teacher-to-student ratio.
• Involve the family (for example, parent education or home-based
programs).
• Are full day (5 hours), full week (5 days a week), and full year
(12 months).
• Are taught by experienced staff who are trained in working with
children with ASDs.
• Include transition planning to help a child move smoothly to the
next level. | n*****s
发帖数: 343 | 6 发信人: hopenicole (Nicole), 信区: Parenting
标 题: Re: 一个自闭孩子妈妈的亲身经历和感受（下）
发信站: BBS 未名空间站 (Fri Nov 16 04:11:43 2012, 美东)
我个人喜欢的书籍推荐：
这本浅显易懂，是入门的好书。很多图片。
More Than Words: Helping Parents Promote Communication and Social Skills in
Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder [Paperback]
Fern Sussman (Author)
这个可以给所有有language delay的孩子父母看。
It Takes Two To Talk: A Practical Guide For Parents of Children With
Language Delays [Paperback]
Jan Pepper (Author), Elaine Weitzman (Author)
Floortime介绍两本书，第一本偏理论，第二本偏实践：
Engaging Autism: Using the Floortime Approach to Help Children Relate,
Communicate, and Think (A Merloyd Lawrence Book) [Paperback]
Stanley I. Greenspan (Author)
The Child With Special Needs: Encouraging Intellectual and Emotional Growth
(A Merloyd Lawrence Book) [Hardcover]
Stanley I. Greenspan (Author) ，Serena Wieder (Author) ，Robin Simons (
Author)
RDI介绍两本书，第一本偏理论，第二本偏实践：
The RDI Book: Forging New Pathways for Autism, Asperger's and PDD with the
Relationship Development Intervention Program [Perfect Paperback]
Steven E Gutstein (Author), Ph.D. (Author), Carlotta Baird (Editor,
Illustrator), Hannah Gutstein (Editor)
Relationship Development Intervention with Young Children: Social and
Emotional Development Activities for Asperger Syndrome, Autism, PDD and NLD
[Paperback]
Steven E. Gutstein (Author) ，Rachelle K. Sheely (Author)
ABA我基本扔给老师，孩子也很辛苦，我和孩子在一起的时间多半是free play。下面第
一本是经典书，很难啃，一直没看下去。
A Work in Progress: Behavior Management Strategies and a Curriculum for
Intensive Behavioral Treatment of Autism [Paperback]
Ron Leaf (Author), John McEachin (Author)
这本讲ABA的一个分支，Verbal Behavior的。浅显易懂，讲到很多ABA的principle，对
我帮助很大。很多娃的program我本来觉得很pointless的，看完了以后觉得原来是这样
。。。
The Verbal Behavior Approach: How to Teach Children With Autism and Related
Disorders [Paperback]
Mary Barbera (Author), Tracy Rasmussen (Author) | n*****s
发帖数: 343 | 7 【 以下文字转载自 Parenting 讨论区 】
发信人: hopenicole (Nicole), 信区: Parenting
标 题: 一个自闭孩子妈妈的亲身经历和感受（下）
发信站: BBS 未名空间站 (Fri Nov 16 04:07:45 2012, 美东)
在这个帖子里面，我给大家提供一些关于ASD的resource。欢迎其他家长也跟贴进入讨
论。我们几个妈妈商量好了，会不断慢慢加进一些实用的东西。如果要讨论争议话题，
请在（上）篇跟贴。争论太多情绪失控的话，我们随时可能停止回那个贴。但是这个贴
，我们希望能够成为一个常驻贴，有空我们会来多放些有用信息。谢谢大家！ | n*****s
发帖数: 343 | 8 权威的American Academy of Pediatrics，在今年九月份，再次 强调advises
screening children for ASD as early as 18 months of Age.
这是CDC官方网站的内容：
http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/autism/hcp-screening.html
部分原文如下：
Research has found that ASDs can sometimes be detected at 18 months or
younger. By age 2, a diagnosis by an experienced professional can be
considered very reliable.[1] However, many children do not receive a final
diagnosis until they are much older. This delay means that children with an
ASD might not get the help they need. The earlier an ASD is diagnosed, the
sooner treatment services can begin.
The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends that all children be
screened for developmental delays and disabilities during regular well-child
doctor visits at:
• 9 months
• 18 months
• 24 or 30 months
Additional screening might be needed if a child is at high risk for
developmental problems because of preterm birth or low birth weight.
In addition, all children should be screened specifically for ASDs during
regular well-child doctor visits at:
• 18 months
• 24 months
Additional screening might be needed if a child is at high risk for ASDs (e.
g., having a sibling with an ASD) or if symptoms are present.
It is important for doctors to screen all children for developmental delays,
but especially to monitor those who are at a higher risk for developmental
problems due to preterm birth, low birth weight, or having a sibling or
parent with an ASD.
在上面这个链接里面，也能找到一些screening tools，比如著名的MCHAT。 | n*****s
发帖数: 343 | 9 发信人: hopenicole (Nicole), 信区: Parenting
标 题: Re: 一个自闭孩子妈妈的亲身经历和感受（下）
发信站: BBS 未名空间站 (Fri Nov 16 04:09:55 2012, 美东)
我个人强烈推荐下面这个modified MCHAT的interview list，在家长对回答MCHAT问题
迷惑的时候，里面有详细的下一步指导。
http://www2.gsu.edu/~psydlr/Diana_L._Robins,_Ph.D._files/M-CHAT
大力大力推荐下面这个，有很多图片。但是得小心一些。里面很多行为问题是比较严重
的（撞头自残等），我娃有几个小小不然的行为问题，不算明显，所以我一直以为娃不
是ASD。但后来发现只要沾了几样，你就得特别注意观察了。
http://www.autismcanada.org/pdfs/PhysicianHandbook.pdf
对ASD的全面入门介绍，我推荐这个 First 100 Days Kit：
http://www.autismspeaks.org/docs/family_services_docs/100_day_k
另外一本handbook：
http://www.ccbh.com/pdfs/autism/autismHandbookYAB.pdf | n*****s
发帖数: 343 | 10 发信人: hopenicole (Nicole), 信区: Parenting
标 题: Re: 一个自闭孩子妈妈的亲身经历和感受（下）
发信站: BBS 未名空间站 (Fri Nov 16 04:10:39 2012, 美东)
对大家常说起的PDD，ASD的入门小介绍给贴一段，以及treatment的介绍。主要摘自下
面这个网站。
http://www.autismconsortium.com/families/understanding-autism-a
What are PDDs and ASDs?
The term PDD or Pervasive Developmental Disorder is used to describe
problems in a child’s development. PDDs are called “spectrum” disorders
because each child has symptoms that differ in intensity, ranging from mild
to quite severe. All children with PDD, however, have symptoms in these tree
areas:
• Social skills: Such as sharing emotions, understanding how people
are feeling, expressing empathy, or having a conversation
• Communication: Both spoken and unspoken, such as pointing,
gesturing, and making eye contact
• Behaviors or interests: Such as repeating words or actions,
playing with things in an unusual way (spinning objects, lining up toys), or
insisting on following rigid routines or schedules
ASD, Rett Syndrome, and CDD are under the category of PDDs.
Autistic Disorder, PDD-NOS, and Asperger Syndrome are under the category of
Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs).
• Autistic Disorder or Autism is characterized by difficulties in
all three areas (social skills, communication, and behavior/interests — see
above).
• PDD-NOS or High-Functioning Autism describes a child who meets
some but not all the criteria for autism or has milder symptoms in one or
more areas.
• Asperger Syndrome symptoms include difficulties in social
interactions and conversation. A child with Asperger Syndrome might also
have intense or restricted interests and/or challenging behaviors.
Your child’s specialists might use slightly different terms to describe
your child. But even when professionals don’t always use these terms the
same way, they usually agree that a child fits under the broader ASD
category.
Less frequent Pervasive Developmental Disorders
Rett Syndrome is a developmental disorder that begins with normal early
development and is followed by loss of motor skills, particularly hand use,
and distinct hand movements, such as wringing, regression in skills, and
slowed growth.
Childhood Disintegrative Disorder begins with normal development until the
age of 3 or 4 and is followed by severe loss of communication, social, play,
and motor skills.
To read more about ASDs, visit these websites:
www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/autism/facts.html
www.aap.org/healthtopics/autism.cfm
www.autism-help.org
www.autism-pdd.net
www.autism-society.org
www.autismspeaks.org/what-autism
www.iancommunity.org | n*****s
发帖数: 343 | 11 发信人: hopenicole (Nicole), 信区: Parenting
标 题: Re: 一个自闭孩子妈妈的亲身经历和感受（下）
发信站: BBS 未名空间站 (Fri Nov 16 04:11:12 2012, 美东)
关于治疗：
ABA and Floortime are two of the most commonly used comprehensive teaching
approaches for children with ASDs.
Applied Behavioral Analysis (ABA) builds new skills and eliminates difficult
behaviors by breaking tasks down into small steps. This scientifically
researched approach is especially effective in gaining the attention of
children who can be challenging to reach. ABA can be done in any setting --
at a table, on the playground, or in the classroom -- as long as the
provider is a trained ABA professional.
Floortime (also known as DIR – the Developmental, Individual Difference,
Relationship-Based approach) includes highly motivating routines based on
the child’s interests and builds social, communication, and play skills
through increasingly complex, playful interactions. Similar approaches
include Social Communication, Emotional Regulation and Transactional Support
(SCERTS) and Relationship Development Intervention (RDI).
In addition to these approaches, most programs for children with ASDs
incorporate specific tools such as:
• Speech-language therapy, which helps a child learn to understand
and express her or himself through language.
• Total communication interventions, which involve using language,
vocalizations, pictures and gestures as well as sign language and the
Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) – almost any means that a
child can and will use to communicate.
• Occupational therapy, physical therapy and sensory integration
therapy, which respectively focus on a child’s hand and finger skills (fine
motor), large muscle (gross motor), and sensory needs.
• Positive behavioral supports, which minimize challenging
behaviors through rewarding appropriate behaviors, responses, and task
completion.
Medical professionals might also implement the following therapies:
• Medication. There is no medication specifically for ASD. Some
medications can help with symptoms such as hyperactivity, anxiety,
compulsive behaviors, attention, or aggression. Ask your doctor for advice
as to whether one or more medications might be appropriate for your child
and if the benefits outweigh any risks or side effects associated with the
medication.
• Biological therapies, which include specialized or restricted
diets, nutritional supplements and vitamin regimens. Consult your doctor to
determine whether these approaches have been demonstrated to be safe and
effective.
Good programs for children with an ASD will have the following features:
• Focus on social and communication skills.
• Use positive behavior supports and strategies.
• Set goals and assess progress regularly.
• Work with your child’s individual needs and interests.
• Have predictable schedules.
• Have a high teacher-to-student ratio.
• Involve the family (for example, parent education or home-based
programs).
• Are full day (5 hours), full week (5 days a week), and full year
(12 months).
• Are taught by experienced staff who are trained in working with
children with ASDs.
• Include transition planning to help a child move smoothly to the
next level. | n*****s
发帖数: 343 | 12 发信人: hopenicole (Nicole), 信区: Parenting
标 题: Re: 一个自闭孩子妈妈的亲身经历和感受（下）
发信站: BBS 未名空间站 (Fri Nov 16 04:11:43 2012, 美东)
我个人喜欢的书籍推荐：
这本浅显易懂，是入门的好书。很多图片。
More Than Words: Helping Parents Promote Communication and Social Skills in
Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder [Paperback]
Fern Sussman (Author)
这个可以给所有有language delay的孩子父母看。
It Takes Two To Talk: A Practical Guide For Parents of Children With
Language Delays [Paperback]
Jan Pepper (Author), Elaine Weitzman (Author)
Floortime介绍两本书，第一本偏理论，第二本偏实践：
Engaging Autism: Using the Floortime Approach to Help Children Relate,
Communicate, and Think (A Merloyd Lawrence Book) [Paperback]
Stanley I. Greenspan (Author)
The Child With Special Needs: Encouraging Intellectual and Emotional Growth
(A Merloyd Lawrence Book) [Hardcover]
Stanley I. Greenspan (Author) ，Serena Wieder (Author) ，Robin Simons (
Author)
RDI介绍两本书，第一本偏理论，第二本偏实践：
The RDI Book: Forging New Pathways for Autism, Asperger's and PDD with the
Relationship Development Intervention Program [Perfect Paperback]
Steven E Gutstein (Author), Ph.D. (Author), Carlotta Baird (Editor,
Illustrator), Hannah Gutstein (Editor)
Relationship Development Intervention with Young Children: Social and
Emotional Development Activities for Asperger Syndrome, Autism, PDD and NLD
[Paperback]
Steven E. Gutstein (Author) ，Rachelle K. Sheely (Author)
ABA我基本扔给老师，孩子也很辛苦，我和孩子在一起的时间多半是free play。下面第
一本是经典书，很难啃，一直没看下去。
A Work in Progress: Behavior Management Strategies and a Curriculum for
Intensive Behavioral Treatment of Autism [Paperback]
Ron Leaf (Author), John McEachin (Author)
这本讲ABA的一个分支，Verbal Behavior的。浅显易懂，讲到很多ABA的principle，对
我帮助很大。很多娃的program我本来觉得很pointless的，看完了以后觉得原来是这样
。。。
The Verbal Behavior Approach: How to Teach Children With Autism and Related
Disorders [Paperback]
Mary Barbera (Author), Tracy Rasmussen (Author) |
|
