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Parenting版 - 一个自闭孩子妈妈的亲身经历和感受(下)
相关主题
一个自闭孩子妈妈的亲身经历和感受(上)别吵了,该行动了。讨论禁枪的不协调音
特殊教育的一些事实和分析国内朋友的自闭症孩子的情况,欢迎建议评论。(一)
一个准ASD娃的进展:冷水和希望国内朋友的自闭症孩子的情况,欢迎建议评论。(二)
泣血报道:三岁的儿子确诊为自闭症。大家帮帮我们。CDC to Study Vaccines and Autism
纯学术讨论:自闭,遗传,基因表达和ABA已经有delay的孩子在 daycare和比她大半岁以上的孩子一个班好吗?
着急求解答:3岁半孩子,不太喜欢参加集体活动 ,是自闭么?脸皮太薄还是自闭?
美国儿童疫苗:第一章 疫苗和自闭症 (转载)一个自闭孩子妈妈的亲身经历和感受(中)
想看生活中的自闭儿童吗?《孤独的记录》回顾下养娃带娃的历程
相关话题的讨论汇总
话题: asd话题: 8226话题: author话题: child话题: children
进入Parenting版参与讨论
1 (共1页)
h********e
发帖数: 88
1
在这个帖子里面,我给大家提供一些关于ASD的resource。欢迎其他家长也跟贴进入讨
论。我们几个妈妈商量好了,会不断慢慢加进一些实用的东西。如果要讨论争议话题,
请在(上)篇跟贴。争论太多情绪失控的话,我们随时可能停止回那个贴。但是这个贴
,我们希望能够成为一个常驻贴,有空我们会来多放些有用信息。谢谢大家!
h********e
发帖数: 88
2
权威的American Academy of Pediatrics,在今年九月份,再次 强调advises
screening children for ASD as early as 18 months of Age.
这是CDC官方网站的内容:
http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/autism/hcp-screening.html
部分原文如下:
Research has found that ASDs can sometimes be detected at 18 months or
younger. By age 2, a diagnosis by an experienced professional can be
considered very reliable.[1] However, many children do not receive a final
diagnosis until they are much older. This delay means that children with an
ASD might not get the help they need. The earlier an ASD is diagnosed, the
sooner treatment services can begin.
The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends that all children be
screened for developmental delays and disabilities during regular well-child
doctor visits at:
• 9 months
• 18 months
• 24 or 30 months
Additional screening might be needed if a child is at high risk for
developmental problems because of preterm birth or low birth weight.
In addition, all children should be screened specifically for ASDs during
regular well-child doctor visits at:
• 18 months
• 24 months
Additional screening might be needed if a child is at high risk for ASDs (e.
g., having a sibling with an ASD) or if symptoms are present.
It is important for doctors to screen all children for developmental delays,
but especially to monitor those who are at a higher risk for developmental
problems due to preterm birth, low birth weight, or having a sibling or
parent with an ASD.
在上面这个链接里面,也能找到一些screening tools,比如著名的MCHAT。
h********e
发帖数: 88
3
我个人强烈推荐下面这个modified MCHAT的interview list,在家长对回答MCHAT问题
迷惑的时候,里面有详细的下一步指导。
http://www2.gsu.edu/~psydlr/Diana_L._Robins,_Ph.D._files/M-CHAT
大力大力推荐下面这个,有很多图片。但是得小心一些。里面很多行为问题是比较严重
的(撞头自残等),我娃有几个小小不然的行为问题,不算明显,所以我一直以为娃不
是ASD。但后来发现只要沾了几样,你就得特别注意观察了。
http://www.autismcanada.org/pdfs/PhysicianHandbook.pdf
对ASD的全面入门介绍,我推荐这个 First 100 Days Kit:
http://www.autismspeaks.org/docs/family_services_docs/100_day_k
另外一本handbook:
http://www.ccbh.com/pdfs/autism/autismHandbookYAB.pdf
h********e
发帖数: 88
4
对大家常说起的PDD,ASD的入门小介绍给贴一段,以及treatment的介绍。主要摘自下
面这个网站。
http://www.autismconsortium.com/families/understanding-autism-a
What are PDDs and ASDs?
The term PDD or Pervasive Developmental Disorder is used to describe
problems in a child’s development. PDDs are called “spectrum” disorders
because each child has symptoms that differ in intensity, ranging from mild
to quite severe. All children with PDD, however, have symptoms in these tree
areas:
• Social skills: Such as sharing emotions, understanding how people
are feeling, expressing empathy, or having a conversation
• Communication: Both spoken and unspoken, such as pointing,
gesturing, and making eye contact
• Behaviors or interests: Such as repeating words or actions,
playing with things in an unusual way (spinning objects, lining up toys), or
insisting on following rigid routines or schedules
ASD, Rett Syndrome, and CDD are under the category of PDDs.
Autistic Disorder, PDD-NOS, and Asperger Syndrome are under the category of
Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs).
• Autistic Disorder or Autism is characterized by difficulties in
all three areas (social skills, communication, and behavior/interests — see
above).
• PDD-NOS or High-Functioning Autism describes a child who meets
some but not all the criteria for autism or has milder symptoms in one or
more areas.
• Asperger Syndrome symptoms include difficulties in social
interactions and conversation. A child with Asperger Syndrome might also
have intense or restricted interests and/or challenging behaviors.
Your child’s specialists might use slightly different terms to describe
your child. But even when professionals don’t always use these terms the
same way, they usually agree that a child fits under the broader ASD
category.
Less frequent Pervasive Developmental Disorders
Rett Syndrome is a developmental disorder that begins with normal early
development and is followed by loss of motor skills, particularly hand use,
and distinct hand movements, such as wringing, regression in skills, and
slowed growth.
Childhood Disintegrative Disorder begins with normal development until the
age of 3 or 4 and is followed by severe loss of communication, social, play,
and motor skills.
To read more about ASDs, visit these websites:
www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/autism/facts.html
www.aap.org/healthtopics/autism.cfm
www.autism-help.org
www.autism-pdd.net
www.autism-society.org
www.autismspeaks.org/what-autism
www.iancommunity.org
h********e
发帖数: 88
5
关于治疗:
ABA and Floortime are two of the most commonly used comprehensive teaching
approaches for children with ASDs.
Applied Behavioral Analysis (ABA) builds new skills and eliminates difficult
behaviors by breaking tasks down into small steps. This scientifically
researched approach is especially effective in gaining the attention of
children who can be challenging to reach. ABA can be done in any setting --
at a table, on the playground, or in the classroom -- as long as the
provider is a trained ABA professional.
Floortime (also known as DIR – the Developmental, Individual Difference,
Relationship-Based approach) includes highly motivating routines based on
the child’s interests and builds social, communication, and play skills
through increasingly complex, playful interactions. Similar approaches
include Social Communication, Emotional Regulation and Transactional Support
(SCERTS) and Relationship Development Intervention (RDI).
In addition to these approaches, most programs for children with ASDs
incorporate specific tools such as:
• Speech-language therapy, which helps a child learn to understand
and express her or himself through language.
• Total communication interventions, which involve using language,
vocalizations, pictures and gestures as well as sign language and the
Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) – almost any means that a
child can and will use to communicate.
• Occupational therapy, physical therapy and sensory integration
therapy, which respectively focus on a child’s hand and finger skills (fine
motor), large muscle (gross motor), and sensory needs.
• Positive behavioral supports, which minimize challenging
behaviors through rewarding appropriate behaviors, responses, and task
completion.
Medical professionals might also implement the following therapies:
• Medication. There is no medication specifically for ASD. Some
medications can help with symptoms such as hyperactivity, anxiety,
compulsive behaviors, attention, or aggression. Ask your doctor for advice
as to whether one or more medications might be appropriate for your child
and if the benefits outweigh any risks or side effects associated with the
medication.
• Biological therapies, which include specialized or restricted
diets, nutritional supplements and vitamin regimens. Consult your doctor to
determine whether these approaches have been demonstrated to be safe and
effective.
Good programs for children with an ASD will have the following features:
• Focus on social and communication skills.
• Use positive behavior supports and strategies.
• Set goals and assess progress regularly.
• Work with your child’s individual needs and interests.
• Have predictable schedules.
• Have a high teacher-to-student ratio.
• Involve the family (for example, parent education or home-based
programs).
• Are full day (5 hours), full week (5 days a week), and full year
(12 months).
• Are taught by experienced staff who are trained in working with
children with ASDs.
• Include transition planning to help a child move smoothly to the
next level.
h********e
发帖数: 88
6
我个人喜欢的书籍推荐:
这本浅显易懂,是入门的好书。很多图片。
More Than Words: Helping Parents Promote Communication and Social Skills in
Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder [Paperback]
Fern Sussman (Author)
这个可以给所有有language delay的孩子父母看。
It Takes Two To Talk: A Practical Guide For Parents of Children With
Language Delays [Paperback]
Jan Pepper (Author), Elaine Weitzman (Author)
Floortime介绍两本书,第一本偏理论,第二本偏实践:
Engaging Autism: Using the Floortime Approach to Help Children Relate,
Communicate, and Think (A Merloyd Lawrence Book) [Paperback]
Stanley I. Greenspan (Author)
The Child With Special Needs: Encouraging Intellectual and Emotional Growth
(A Merloyd Lawrence Book) [Hardcover]
Stanley I. Greenspan (Author) ,Serena Wieder (Author) ,Robin Simons (
Author)
RDI介绍两本书,第一本偏理论,第二本偏实践:
The RDI Book: Forging New Pathways for Autism, Asperger's and PDD with the
Relationship Development Intervention Program [Perfect Paperback]
Steven E Gutstein (Author), Ph.D. (Author), Carlotta Baird (Editor,
Illustrator), Hannah Gutstein (Editor)
Relationship Development Intervention with Young Children: Social and
Emotional Development Activities for Asperger Syndrome, Autism, PDD and NLD
[Paperback]
Steven E. Gutstein (Author) ,Rachelle K. Sheely (Author)
ABA我基本扔给老师,孩子也很辛苦,我和孩子在一起的时间多半是free play。下面第
一本是经典书,很难啃,一直没看下去。
A Work in Progress: Behavior Management Strategies and a Curriculum for
Intensive Behavioral Treatment of Autism [Paperback]
Ron Leaf (Author), John McEachin (Author)
这本讲ABA的一个分支,Verbal Behavior的。浅显易懂,讲到很多ABA的principle,对
我帮助很大。很多娃的program我本来觉得很pointless的,看完了以后觉得原来是这样
。。。
The Verbal Behavior Approach: How to Teach Children With Autism and Related
Disorders [Paperback]
Mary Barbera (Author), Tracy Rasmussen (Author)
h********e
发帖数: 88
7
先发到这里,请热心MM转载宝宝版,和华人家小。谢谢!
r*f
发帖数: 39119
8
zan

【在 h********e 的大作中提到】
: 在这个帖子里面,我给大家提供一些关于ASD的resource。欢迎其他家长也跟贴进入讨
: 论。我们几个妈妈商量好了,会不断慢慢加进一些实用的东西。如果要讨论争议话题,
: 请在(上)篇跟贴。争论太多情绪失控的话,我们随时可能停止回那个贴。但是这个贴
: ,我们希望能够成为一个常驻贴,有空我们会来多放些有用信息。谢谢大家!

m*****8
发帖数: 4059
9
赞!

★ 发自iPhone App: ChineseWeb 7.7

【在 h********e 的大作中提到】
: 在这个帖子里面,我给大家提供一些关于ASD的resource。欢迎其他家长也跟贴进入讨
: 论。我们几个妈妈商量好了,会不断慢慢加进一些实用的东西。如果要讨论争议话题,
: 请在(上)篇跟贴。争论太多情绪失控的话,我们随时可能停止回那个贴。但是这个贴
: ,我们希望能够成为一个常驻贴,有空我们会来多放些有用信息。谢谢大家!

s**n
发帖数: 6126
10
妈妈辛苦了,太感谢你的码字了
而且写得非常可观有条理,一口气读完,学到好多东西
再谢谢一次!
祝福你和你的孩子,加油!!

【在 h********e 的大作中提到】
: 先发到这里,请热心MM转载宝宝版,和华人家小。谢谢!
相关主题
着急求解答:3岁半孩子,不太喜欢参加集体活动 ,是自闭么?别吵了,该行动了。讨论禁枪的不协调音
美国儿童疫苗:第一章 疫苗和自闭症 (转载)国内朋友的自闭症孩子的情况,欢迎建议评论。(一)
想看生活中的自闭儿童吗?《孤独的记录》国内朋友的自闭症孩子的情况,欢迎建议评论。(二)
进入Parenting版参与讨论
i**********y
发帖数: 137
11
The Out-of-Sync Child那两本书的确非常好。
我也推荐一本,我正在看并且教我儿子的,满实用的。
Teaching Children with Autism to Mind-Read: A Practical Guide by Patricia
Howlin, Simon Baron-Cohen and Julie Hadwin
l*******e
发帖数: 3566
12
支持mm,祝福你们!!
it takes two to talk非常好的一本书,对语言不delay的父母也会有帮助。

in

【在 h********e 的大作中提到】
: 我个人喜欢的书籍推荐:
: 这本浅显易懂,是入门的好书。很多图片。
: More Than Words: Helping Parents Promote Communication and Social Skills in
: Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder [Paperback]
: Fern Sussman (Author)
: 这个可以给所有有language delay的孩子父母看。
: It Takes Two To Talk: A Practical Guide For Parents of Children With
: Language Delays [Paperback]
: Jan Pepper (Author), Elaine Weitzman (Author)
: Floortime介绍两本书,第一本偏理论,第二本偏实践:

h********e
发帖数: 88
13
谢谢MM推荐,我加到书单里面了。。
请问MM这本是不是孩子大点了才会用到?(从书名猜的)

【在 i**********y 的大作中提到】
: The Out-of-Sync Child那两本书的确非常好。
: 我也推荐一本,我正在看并且教我儿子的,满实用的。
: Teaching Children with Autism to Mind-Read: A Practical Guide by Patricia
: Howlin, Simon Baron-Cohen and Julie Hadwin

i**********y
发帖数: 137
14
我感觉三岁以上理解力够了就可以教。
我儿子四岁,我用这本书教他,里面都是图片,他比较容易理解,有时候我会配合作出
夸张的表情,让他分析哪种情况我应该是高兴/难过/平静/生气/害怕等等。。。
你知道的,他们都很少有eye-contact,也都不怎么懂得去观察别人的心情,所以无论
在跟家长老师还是小朋友的相处,总是遇到困难。这本书就是教他们如何理解感情,如
何解读别人给的信息。

【在 h********e 的大作中提到】
: 谢谢MM推荐,我加到书单里面了。。
: 请问MM这本是不是孩子大点了才会用到?(从书名猜的)

h********e
发帖数: 88
15
谢谢MM推荐!!听上去正是本我们ASD孩子特别需要的书。。

【在 i**********y 的大作中提到】
: 我感觉三岁以上理解力够了就可以教。
: 我儿子四岁,我用这本书教他,里面都是图片,他比较容易理解,有时候我会配合作出
: 夸张的表情,让他分析哪种情况我应该是高兴/难过/平静/生气/害怕等等。。。
: 你知道的,他们都很少有eye-contact,也都不怎么懂得去观察别人的心情,所以无论
: 在跟家长老师还是小朋友的相处,总是遇到困难。这本书就是教他们如何理解感情,如
: 何解读别人给的信息。

u*********o
发帖数: 7
16
谢谢,三个理性平和的好贴。
c*******l
发帖数: 549
17
多谢楼主。非常非常感谢。
h********e
发帖数: 88
18
帮另一个很有研究精神的妈妈贴的。这里要注意,不少主流医生开始对Gluten Free
Casein Free diet慢慢开始接受,我的医生也是 -她告诉我,她的病人里面有一部分人
试验GFCF之后发现还是有好转的。。但是,下面的信息,仅供参考。在你试验任何饮食
疗法之前,请一定要和你的医生讨论并征得他们的同意!!
ASD孩子饮食疗法diet浅谈
应楼主之邀,可能会有ASD家长对diet兴趣,我想谈谈对ASD孩子的饮食疗法。首先声明
,我只是一位ASD家长,在各种治疗方法里还对diet饮食感兴趣,不是professional。
再者,ASD孩子的各方面症状跨度很大,象其他的疗法一样,并不是diet会对每个ASD孩
子有效。另外,饮食疗法的目的是调整孩子的身体状态,绝没有想要替代其他疗法,而
是希望能更好得配合其他训练治疗。希望能有其他家长和相应领域的同学积极参与讨论。
(一) 几种ASD家长采取的饮食疗法
1. Gluten free, casein free diet (GF/CF diet 禁食含谷蛋白的谷类和奶制品,现
在市场上有较多的替代品)
2. Specific food reaction diet (禁食有food reaction的食物,防止食物过敏和不
耐受,常见有麦,奶,蛋,花生,玉米,和大豆)
3. Anti-yeast diet (禁食搅起酵母菌的食物,例如面包,糖,蘑菇类)
4. Specific Carbohydrate diet (特殊碳水化合物饮食,这个操作难,要避免多糖二
糖的食物, 对于前面的饮食都没有改善的才试)
5. Low-oxalate diet (低草酸饮食)
(二) 为什么要饮食疗法呢?
对饮食疗法有兴趣的家长一般是孩子有些胃肠道的症状,例如reflux,腹泻,呕吐,便
秘。要开始饮食疗法请先了解一些假说,研究和家长实际操作经验。
1. Hypothesis假说。Autism 病因不明,研究领域有多种假说或models 来解释症状,
例如遗传和环境model,重金属中毒model,自身免疫和过敏model,还有gluten/casein
,酶缺乏,酵母菌过度生长model。 有假说认为自闭不仅仅是神经系统的问题,还有免
疫和胃肠系统的问题, 例如:
1) 提倡gluten/casein free饮食的假说认为,部分ASD孩子体内代谢gluten(谷蛋白
)和casein(酪蛋白)的一种酶(DPP-IV)缺乏或不足,导致麦子类和奶类食物不能完
全水解成单个的氨基酸,生成的二肽吸收后通过血脑屏障能到达大脑,有类似opioid或
morphine的作用。这种类似鸦片作用可能是ASD孩子眼神空洞,对他人置之不理,还是
感觉如痛觉减弱的原因之一。
2) 提倡specific food reaction 饮食的假说认为, 部分ASD孩子对某些食物有food
reactions,包括三种情况, IgE allergies (严重的,例如有的对花生过敏要去急诊
室的); IgG sensitivities, 慢性,没那么严重的,象喝奶有的会身上长疹子;还有
food intolerance,就是不耐受(不是过敏,例如大家听说过的乳糖不耐症,是代谢不
了奶里的乳糖导致拉肚子)。
2. 临床发现和研究。临床上医生或科研者发现一部分ASD孩子有gastrointestinal (
GI)胃肠道症状,例如便秘或腹泻,呕吐,挑食(关于挑食,一部分可能缺锌,一部分
可能ASD孩子喜欢某些食物代谢后带来的感觉,上面讲到的opioid-like效果),胀气,
肛圈发红等。 Dr. Kenneth Bock,一个在ASD领域很有名的DAN医生,在他的书里提到
他的60%ASD患者在gluten/casein free diet后有改善,主要表现在: 语言,胃肠不适
,情绪,多动,腹胀等方面改善。
临床研究中, 原来认为ASD和胃肠道问题无关的观点现在已经在改变,2010年一月
Pediatric杂志上以哈弗大学Dr. Timonthy Buie 为首的一组专家认为自闭孩子的胃肠
道问题是存在的,并认为很多自闭孩子的行为问题是因为胃肠道疼痛导致的。有兴趣请看
Pediatrics. 2010 Jan;125 Suppl 1:S1-18. Evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment
of gastrointestinal disorders in individuals with ASDs: a consensus report.
尽管假说和临床症状在每个ASD孩子身上体现不同,饮食疗法在ASD家长中比其他生物疗
法比较容易接受,因为它没有介入性和风险大,例如螯合疗法。
3. 家长实践操作经验。 以上各种饮食疗法具体操作,密切观察的症状我并不能细说,
因为我本人并没有每个都试,我也不是professional能看ASD孩子,并且每个孩子的反
应不同。有兴趣的可以上中英文网站上找相应信息,例如,可以参加yahoo的饮食或生
物疗法群组。一般孩子有胃肠道或过敏食物不耐受等症状的家长发现饮食疗法有帮助的
可能性更大。
个人认为,饮食疗法在焦急等待评估或治疗师上门时家长就可以自己学习和尝试。建议
一定要一个食物一个食物试,例如gluten/casein 禁食,那含casein 的食物先禁,试3
个星期,再禁食含gluten的食物。禁食casein就只试这一个, 不要两个同时开始。 另
外,要禁食就完全,别一边不喝奶了,一边含奶的小零食还是给。 要有一段时间来观
察效果。一定要细心观察记录,最好是有professional 指导,有些孩子开始甚至有倒
退,然后再改善。如果禁食,要有替代食物来提供营养。如果禁食一段时间没有症状改
善,那就要逐渐把禁食的食物重新加入,同时密切观察孩子的症状。
有家长建议:可以先做个过敏测试,儿子没做的时候我们除了禁牛奶也没禁别的,做了
测试才发现有好多过敏的,才开始真正的禁食。
再想多嘴一句,儿医也好,专科医生也好,如果只是看病人,并不经常看最近动态和科
研,他/她的主要理论知识是从他/她学医时学的,也许有些年头。自闭的谱这么大,不
可能只有一种原因,那治疗的方法也不只一种,ABA, Floortime,RDI,TEACCH,
sensory integration 也不是对所有的ASD孩子都有效,饮食疗法如果能起到调整孩子
的身体作用,配合好其他的训练,为什么不试一试呢?
(三) 推荐书和文章:
1. Pediatrics 杂志2012年11月supplement 都是针对ASD的。
2. The Autism Revolution. Whole-body strategies for making life all it can
be. Martha Herbert. ** Dr. Herbert (MD. PHD) 和 上面提到的Dr. Tim Buie (MD
.) 都是 Massachusetts General Hospital 和Harvard University 的,应该算是主流
医生吧。
3. Healing the New Childhood Epidemics Autism, ADHD, Asthma, and Allergies.
Kenneth Bock and Cameron Stauth
4. Children with Starving Brains. A Medical Treatment Guide for Autism
Spectrum Disorder. 4th Edition. Jaquelyn McCandless.
J****e
发帖数: 636
19
bless
s********3
发帖数: 45
20
多谢分享,解释了一些我一直以来的一些疑惑
1 (共1页)
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