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发帖数: 1757 | 1 Health Care in China and United State
Health Care in China and United State
"The good body is the fundamental of revolution" said Mao Zedong who was the
first president of China. A good health care system does not only help a
country to stay stable，but also keeps it developing. Speaking of the health
care system, as an international student who is studying in the U.S., I
realize some differences and similarities of health care systems of the
United State and my home country, China. Since it is a communist country,
the goal of health system for China has been to provide care to every member
of the population and to make maximum use of limited health-care personnel,
equipment, and financial resources. The goal for U.S. is providing good
service to U.S. residences, making life better, and making profit from it
also. The main differences between these two countries' health care systems
I want to talk about are: ownership, insurance and quality.
The first significant difference is ownership of the health care system. The
majority of hospitals in China are owned by the government, only a small
amount of hospitals are owned privately. And a big percentage of private
hospitals in China actually are owned by foreigners. Comparing to the cost,
quality and size of both government owned hospitals and private hospitals,
the former ones are better in all aspects. On the contrary, in U.S., most
people prefer private hospitals. We can not ignore the fact that private
hospitals provide better doctors and more advanced technical treatment than
government owned hospitals, though they are much more expensive, depending
on the purpose of making profit.
In addition, another important difference between these two countries'
health care systems is insurance. There are two kinds of people we have to
consider if we talk about insurance, one is employed people; another one is
self-employed or unemployed people. In china, for employed people, no matter
whether you work for the government, public companies or private enterprise
, the company will cover your medical insurance and even 80% of your
children's one. Chinese residents are not required to have insurance in
China, but have the rights to ask for the contracts for health care
insurance from their employer before they take the jobs. Different from
China, U.S. residents are required to have insurances if they work or study.
But I find some similarity about insurance system between U.S. and China,
which is American companies also provide special benefits for employees. For
example, if a worker joined a Labor Union, the union might have signed a
contract with the employer to have the company paid the insurance for the
worker and even his relatives. And if a worker did not join a Labor Union,
the health care system will give him special discount for buying insurance.
What is more, there are different kinds of insurance for people to choose,
such as education insurance, working insurance, traveling insurance and so
on.
Furthermore, for unemployed or self-employed people, Chinese health care
system does not provide any benefits. People have some particular jobs like
farmers do not have health care contracts at all, as they are self-employed.
And if they are sick, they have to pay for medical expanse by themselves.
It happens all the time that people are too poor to go to doctors in China.
But in U.S., most people can afford insurance. "We spend one and a half
times more per person on health care than any other country" said by Obama
in his speech on the topic of Health Care.(Obama, 2009) . Only 15% of U.S.
citizens do not have insurances, even though the insurances are expensive
and people have to pay for their own insurances.
Another significant difference of health care that I found between U.S. and
China is quality. First let us compare the service qualities of hospitals in
both countries, taking appointment and waiting time as examples. In China,
people have to go to the hospital in person to make an appointment. And it
is very common in big and famous hospitals that people stand outside the
hospitals waiting for the whole night in order to get to see the best
doctors in the morning. The reason is that some doctors only see certain
amount of patients during one day. If you got to the hospital late, you
might not get to see any doctors at all, except emergencies and you have to
come back again some other day. Unlike the process in China, in U.S., there
are systems for people to make appointments before they go to doctors. For
example, on our campus, if we want to see a doctor, instead of going to
health centre at once and waiting for a long time, we can get on line and
make a appointment first, then we go to the health centre at our booked time
and check in with our ID card. It's simple and saving time. In a lot of
areas in the U.S., middle class people usually have their own personal
doctors who come to your house to help you with your sickness.
Secondly, let us compare the convenience of insurance process in these two
countries. U.S. has an advanced system between hospital and insurance
process. Take one of my personal experiences as an example here. Last week,
I got a bad cold, and I went to the health center on campus. I went to see a
doctor and got some medicine without paying a cent, since I had the student
insurance. The bill will directly send to my insurance company, and I can
check it online. It is very simple and convenient. The whole process is well
organized. And this process works in every hospital in U.S. (Healthcare in
the USA, 2009). Concerning this issue, hospitals in China do it in a
different way. After seeing a doctor, patients have to pay their medical
cost by themselves first, save the receipt as a certification, and use the
receipt to apply for reimbursement from the insurance company. After all,
the insurance company will go through the expense and give you back your
money spends on medical cost. The whole process takes a long time and is
very complicated.
Finally, the most important part we have to consider for comparing quality
of health care is medical technology and equipment. Compared to the medical
equipment between the two countries, China is not as good as U.S., but it
has its own unique Medical technology - TCM (Traditional Chinese Medicine)
for curing people, which is no other country can compare. TCM practices
include such treatment as herbal medicine, acupuncture, dietary therapy, and
both Tui na and Shiatsu massage (Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2009).
Taking TCM does no harm our human body, though it may take longer time for
curing than mechanical treatment. In U.S., mechanical treatment is the main
method. Patients run tests with hi-tech machine before they see the doctors
who then will make a diagnosis for them based on the results of the tests
they took. In the present world, U.S. is one of the countries, which has the
most advanced equipments and techniques in the fields of medicine and
surgery (Science and technology in U.S., 2009). The different methods of
treatment in China and U.S. contribute their qualities of health care system
in different ways.
Although both China and the U.S. are trying their best in improving the
health care systems, we can easily find the differences and inadequacies.
Comparing the health care systems with the two countries, as far as I am
concerned, the U.S. insurance system is better than Chinese, because there
are obvious flaws in Chinese insurance system, which is poor people in China
do not have medical care at all. Surely there are very few things Chinese
government can do with its huge population, but I still hope that someday,
our government will come up with a solution for poor people to get some kind
of medical care. In addition, concerning the quality of service in both
countries, the American system does a better job. It's worth to spend more
money for insurance in U.S., because it has a comprehensive service system
of health care. But in China, the process of making appointment makes some
people who want to see good doctors but come from other small cities even
more difficult. Fortunately, there are a number of hospitals in big cities
in China now, and hospitals organize the waiting process better than before,
so people can get to see a doctor faster than some years ago. Furthermore,
speaking of the health care quality according to method of treatment and
technical advance, U.S. has better technical treatment than China, but China
has its own unique Chinese way of treatment.
More importantly, the differences in health care between the two countries
revealed some significant more general information about China and U.S.
Although health care in china has been improving in very positive ways
during the recent years, it exacerbated the problem of overpopulation. In
1987, China was faced with a population four times that of the United State
(Health Care in China, 2009). This fact has affected every issue that China
faces. This explains why there are so many differences in health care
between these two countries.
REFERENCES
Health Care in China, (2009). Retrieved from: http://countrystudies.us/china/38.htm\
Healthcare in the USA. (2009)Retrieved from: http://www.allianzworldwidecare.com/healthcare-in-the-usa
Obama Health Care speech, (2009). Retrieved from: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/09/09/obama-health-care-speech_n_281265.html
Science and technology in U.S., (2009). Retrieved from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_the_United_States
Traditional Chinese Medicine, (2009). Retrieved from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_medicine
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TrackBack URL: https://blogs.psu.edu/mt4/mt-tb.cgi/109433 | s******n
发帖数: 2279 | 2 这文章啥时写的，严重的纰漏啊
国际劳工组织肯定中国推行全民医保制度2012年09月04日06:32 新华网
大 中 小 全文浏览
新华网日内瓦9月3日电(记者 王昭 吴陈)国际劳工组织3日在日内瓦发布一份分析
报告，肯定中国近年来推行的惠及全民的医疗保险制度。
这份分析报告题为《中国的最新革命：惠及全民的基本医疗服务》。报告认为中国
近年来在推进基本医疗服务方面取得的成就不止是一次“改革”，而且堪称一场“革命
”。
报告说，2003年前，中国医疗保险面向的人群主要是城镇职工，此后中国大力推进
面向农村人口和城镇居民的医疗保险。2009年4月开始，中国政府投入8500亿元人民币
进行新一轮医改，目前中国的全民医保已基本实现了全覆盖，到2011年底，职工、城镇
居民、新农村合作医疗保险的参保人数已达到13亿人，覆盖率达到95%。中国已拥有全
球最大的医保体系。三年来，中国政府共投入630亿元人民币，支持了2200所县级医院
和3.3万个基层医疗卫生机构的建设。在这三年里，中国还出台了全科医师培养制度，
培养了1万多名全科医师，覆盖城乡基层医疗卫生的网络初步建成。
报告指出，中国近年来投入卫生事业的预算每年增长30%。2008年至2011年，中国
在培训医护人员和改善医疗服务方面倾注了大量财政资源。中国还发布了《国家基本药
物目录》，防止医疗机构对药品加价，基本药物价格比制度实施前平均下降30%。此外
，新医保系统特别针对城市居民中无劳动能力、无收入来源、无法定赡养人中的“三无
”人员，为他们提供医疗服务。
报告同时指出，目前中国每千人中仅有护理人员1.32人，有碍部分参保人士实实在
在地获得医疗服务。另外，中国人口的迅速老龄化对中国医疗保障事业构成挑战，中国
人口中65周岁及65周岁以上人口将突破8%。到2025年，这个比例将达到14%，势必将增
加中国医疗保险体系的负担。
我国编织全民医保网 城乡居民看病告别自费时代
---------------------------------------------------------------------
2012年8月22日 来源：人民日报
病有所医，是中国人千百年来的梦想。10年来，我国编织起世界上最大的全民医保
网，城乡居民看病告别“自费时代”。
医疗保障制度设计是世界公认的民生难题，也是社会政策的“珠穆朗玛峰”。作为
世界人口第一大国，中国仅用10年时间，就实现了全民基本医保，被国际社会誉为“中
国速度”。截至目前，全国参加基本医保的人数超过13亿，基本医保覆盖率超过95%。
卫生部统计数据表明，我国个人卫生支出占卫生总费用的比重，已由2001年的60%
下降到2011年的35%。这说明，政府医疗卫生支出大幅增加，群众看病负担相对减轻，
医疗卫生服务的公平性显著改善。
2009年4月6日，《中共中央国务院关于深化医药卫生体制改革的意见》正式公布，
一场惠及全民的新医改拉开序幕。3年来，我国坚持把基本医疗卫生制度作为公共产品
向全民提供的基本理念，坚持保基本、强基层、建机制的基本原则，坚持统筹安排、突
出重点、循序推进的基本路径，着力建设覆盖城乡居民的基本医疗卫生制度，探索医改
这一世界性难题的中国式解决办法。
世界卫生组织认为，中国卫生体系朝着正确的方向前进。世界著名医学杂志《柳叶
刀》评价，中国医改的目标和总体战略是值得效仿的，中国在为全民提供平价且公平的
基本医疗服务方面已经取得了巨大成就。
基本医疗保障惠及13亿人
3年前，家住四川省中江县太安镇保安村的小学四年级学生蒋浩，患上急性淋巴细
胞白血病。他先后在华西第二医院住院治疗18次，医疗费达11万余元。为了治病，父亲
蒋雄军几乎借遍了亲友的钱。2010年，四川省将儿童白血病纳入大病保障范围，新农合
为蒋浩报销了8.14万元，民政部门又给了1万多元救助，家里的经济负担一下减轻了。
“像这样的大病，如果没有政府撑着，我们这个家早就垮了，根本没法医治娃娃……”
蒋雄军激动地说。
中国是一个农业人口大国。10年前，看病报销只是少数人的“福利”，8亿农民和
城镇居民基本没有医疗保障。“得了阑尾炎，白种一年田；救护车一响，一头猪白养。
”这句民谣真实地反映了农民看不起病的状况。据2003年第三次国家卫生服务调查显示
，全国有45.8%的患病农民应就诊而未就诊，30.3%的患病农民应住院而未住院，其主要
原因是经济困难。
2002年10月，中共中央、国务院决定，逐步建立新型农村合作医疗制度。2003年，
新农合制度试点在全国陆续展开。2008年，新农合制度覆盖超过8亿人。到2011年底，
全国参加新农合的人口达到8.32亿，参合率达到97%，农民彻底告别了“小病拖、大病
扛”的历史。
新农合制度的一大特点是政府承担主要筹资责任。2003年，各级政府对新农合的补
助标准为每人每年20元，农民个人缴纳10元，人均筹资标准为30元。到2012年，各级政
府对新农合的补助标准提高到每人每年240元，农民个人缴纳50元，人均筹资标准达到
290元。2011年，新农合政策范围内住院医药费用补偿比例达到70%，农民住院实际报销
比例超过50%。
从2010年开始，我国启动农村儿童先天性心脏病、急性白血病等重大疾病医疗保障
试点工作。2011年，尿毒症等6类新增疾病纳入重大疾病保障试点。2012年，肺癌等12
类大病纳入保障和救助试点。截至2011年底，全国有超过23万重大疾病患者受益，其中
有近3万名先心病患儿康复。
10年来，以城镇职工基本医保、城镇居民基本医保、新型农村合作医疗为主体的全
民基本医保制度体系初步形成。目前，全国参加三项基本医保的人数超过13亿，全民基
本医保惠及95%以上的人口。
外国媒体评论称，中国的医疗保险就数量而言，堪称人类有史以来最大的社会福利
计划。
基本药物制度覆盖乡村
近日，安徽省芜湖县陶辛镇陶辛村村民张翠英到村卫生室看病。她患有慢性胃炎，
经常腹痛。医生给她开了1盒枸橼酸铋钾片、1盒多潘立酮分散片、两盒阿莫西林分散片
，药费共28.8元，门诊报销50%，自付14.4元。张翠英说：“过去镇里的药店很多，现
在很多都关门了，因为村卫生室的药品销售不加价，有的药甚至比药店便宜一半多。”
据悉，芜湖县118个镇级和村级医疗机构全部配备了基本药物，实行零差率销售。
安徽省的基本药物目录共有584种，通过全省统一招标采购，药品销售价格大幅降低，
平均降幅达37.2%。
建立国家基本药物制度，是一项重大制度创新。2009年8月，国家基本药物制度正
式启动，共遴选出307种国家基本药物，各省平均增补210种。到2011年7月底，基本药
物零差率销售在政府举办的基层医疗卫生机构全面覆盖。
国务院医改办主任孙志刚说，国家基本药物制度建立后，按照新办法实施招标采购
和取消药品加成，基层医疗机构药物价格平均下降30%左右，药价虚高现象得到有效遏
制，门诊费、住院费相应降低。国家基本药物制度切断了“以药补医”的利益链条，推
动了基层医疗卫生机构综合改革，维护了公共医疗卫生的公益性。
基本医疗服务体系“强筋健骨”
2001年，贵州省从江县雍里乡大塘村没有卫生室，村民看病都要翻山越岭。李春燕
嫁到大塘村后，自办了第一个村卫生室，但由于资金困难，药品和设备都很短缺。2009
年后，县政府不仅拨了专项经费，还配置了基本设备和药物，村卫生室面貌一新，村民
有病再也不犯愁了。
大塘村的变化，是我国加强基层医疗卫生服务体系建设的一个缩影。3年来，中央
投资430亿元，支持了2233所县级医院、6200多所中心乡镇卫生院、2.5万多所村卫生室
的建设，投入160多亿元用于县乡村三级医疗卫生机构设备购置，重点投向中西部地区
和边远地区的农村。在城市，中央投入41.5亿元，支持了2382所社区卫生服务中心的建
设。
这是新中国历史上基层医疗卫生服务体系投入最多、建设规模最大、条件改善最明
显的时期。10年来，我国基本医疗和公共卫生服务体系由“弱不禁风”到“强筋健骨”
，基本实现了村村有卫生室、乡乡有卫生院、每个县都有达标县级医院。
硬件是基础，软件是根本。我国实行基础设施建设和人才队伍建设两手抓，加快医
师队伍培养。统计资料显示，2001年末，全国每千人口医师数为1.32人；到2011年末，
每千人口执业（助理）医师上升到1.85人。从2010年开始，国家连续3年在高等医学院
校为中西部地区免费培养医学生，这些学生毕业后定向到中西部地区农村基层医疗卫生
机构工作。
全科医生是居民健康和医疗费用的“守门人”。医改3年，我国启动了全科医生培
养基地建设专项规划，首批支持127个基地建设，3.6万名基层医疗机构人员进行了全科
医生转岗培训。
公立医院是我国医疗卫生服务体系的主体。其中，县级医院覆盖9亿多人口，是连
接城市大医院和基层医疗卫生机构的桥梁，也是解决群众看病难、看病贵的关键一环。
2012年，全国18个省份311个县（市）公立医院改革试点全面启动，中央财政按每县（
市）300万元的标准安排补助资金。
城市公立医院改革是社会关注的焦点，也是医改的重要风向标。目前，全国2000多
家城市公立医院改革试点稳步推进。北京市积极探索公立医院管办分开、医药分开的有
效形式。2012年7月1日，北京友谊医院改革试点启动，1500余种药品全面取消药品加成
，同时推出医事服务费，提高医疗技术价值。一个月后，次均医疗费用由450元下降到
380元，次均药费降幅达30%以上。患者负担减轻，医院收益增加，实现了医患双赢。
医改是一项重大民生工程，关系全体国民的健康福祉。10年来，我国朝着人人享有
基本医疗卫生服务的目标坚实迈进，初步建立了中国特色的基本医疗卫生制度框架，交
出了一份破解世界性难题的“中国答卷”。（记者 白剑峰 李红梅） | s******n
发帖数: 2279 | 3 大量低收入无保险的病人加入BAMACARE，婴儿潮进入老年，大量医生退休，医生缺乏已
经越演越烈，而住院医师瓶颈完全无法解决，医疗开支已经到GDP20%
美国只能抛弃私人诊所这种为富人服务的形式，大量采纳集中资源的各级医院制度，放
弃预约直接门诊，加快医师培养周期
个人观点，美国医疗体系非中国化不能救也 | h**s
发帖数: 1757 | | s******n
发帖数: 2279 | 5 个人觉得美国医疗就是在拖到临界点全面爆发，会不会彻底改革就不知道了 | W********r
发帖数: 158 | 6 If you answer the question using this paper, you are probably not going to
get a plus, and sometime even a minus if you talk too much. The interviewers
are clinician and educators, not the policy makers or economist. What they
care about is the what kind of education and training you got in china and
whether that can benefit you for the residency. So be careful when formulate
your answer.
the
health
member
personnel,
【在 h**s 的大作中提到】
: Health Care in China and United State
: Health Care in China and United State
: "The good body is the fundamental of revolution" said Mao Zedong who was the
: first president of China. A good health care system does not only help a
: country to stay stable，but also keeps it developing. Speaking of the health
: care system, as an international student who is studying in the U.S., I
: realize some differences and similarities of health care systems of the
: United State and my home country, China. Since it is a communist country,
: the goal of health system for China has been to provide care to every member
: of the population and to make maximum use of limited health-care personnel,
| a**e
发帖数: 5094 | 7 你面试的时候真打算这么说？如果你进了residency，来版上汇报一下 3x
【在 s******n 的大作中提到】
: 大量低收入无保险的病人加入BAMACARE，婴儿潮进入老年，大量医生退休，医生缺乏已
: 经越演越烈，而住院医师瓶颈完全无法解决，医疗开支已经到GDP20%
: 美国只能抛弃私人诊所这种为富人服务的形式，大量采纳集中资源的各级医院制度，放
: 弃预约直接门诊，加快医师培养周期
: 个人观点，美国医疗体系非中国化不能救也
| a****n
发帖数: 2031 | 8 我不明白版主转这篇文章的意思，但是这篇文章明显很多不对的地方，尤其是那几句关
于traditional chinese medicine的话，要是面试问你对中医的看法，这么说俺嚼着会
有很大问题。
the
health
member
personnel,
【在 h**s 的大作中提到】
: Health Care in China and United State
: Health Care in China and United State
: "The good body is the fundamental of revolution" said Mao Zedong who was the
: first president of China. A good health care system does not only help a
: country to stay stable，but also keeps it developing. Speaking of the health
: care system, as an international student who is studying in the U.S., I
: realize some differences and similarities of health care systems of the
: United State and my home country, China. Since it is a communist country,
: the goal of health system for China has been to provide care to every member
: of the population and to make maximum use of limited health-care personnel,
| S**********e
发帖数: 1325 | 9 求摘要
★ 发自iPhone App: ChineseWeb 7.3
【在 h**s 的大作中提到】
: Health Care in China and United State
: Health Care in China and United State
: "The good body is the fundamental of revolution" said Mao Zedong who was the
: first president of China. A good health care system does not only help a
: country to stay stable，but also keeps it developing. Speaking of the health
: care system, as an international student who is studying in the U.S., I
: realize some differences and similarities of health care systems of the
: United State and my home country, China. Since it is a communist country,
: the goal of health system for China has been to provide care to every member
: of the population and to make maximum use of limited health-care personnel,
| m******r
发帖数: 1904 | 10 晕掉了，连段落都没有，有必要召开个美国pd代表大会，传达一下精神就可以了.. |
|
