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发帖数: 7594 | 1 Now we know how Elon Musk plans to get 1 million people to Mars.
At a conference in Mexico today (Sept. 27), the SpaceX founder and CEO
unveiled the company's Interplanetary Transport System (ITS), which will
combine the most powerful rocket ever built with a spaceship designed to
carry at least 100 people to the Red Planet per flight.
If all goes according to plan, the reusable ITS will help humanity establish
a permanent, self-sustaining colony on the Red Planet within the next 50 to
100 years, Musk said at the International Astronautical Congress in
Guadalajara. [SpaceX's Interplanetary Transport for Mars in Images]
"What I really want to do here is to make Mars seem possible — make it seem
as though it's something that we could do in our lifetimes, and that you
can go," he said.
The ITS rocket will be more or less a scaled-up version of the first stage
of SpaceX's Falcon 9 booster, Musk said. But the 254-foot-tall (77.5 meters)
ITS booster will feature 42 Raptor engines, whereas the Falcon 9 is powered
by nine Merlins. When combined with its crewed spaceship, the ITS will
stand a full 400 feet (122 m) high, Musk wrote on Twitter. That would make
it the largest spaceflight system ever built, taller even than NASA's
legendary Saturn V moon rocket.
The Raptor engine, which SpaceX recently test-fired for the first time, is
about the same size as Merlin but three times more powerful, Musk said. ITS
will therefore be an incredibly potent machine, capable of lofting 300 tons
to low-Earth orbit (LEO) — more than two times more than Saturn V could
lift. (That's for ITS's reusable version; an expendable variant could launch
about 550 tons to LEO, Musk said.)
The spaceship, which sits atop the booster, will be 162 feet (49.5 m) tall
and 56 feet (17 m) wide and will have nine Raptors of its own. The booster
will launch the spaceship to Earth orbit, then return to make a soft landing
at its launch site, which is currently envisioned to be Launch Pad 39A at
NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida. [Fly Through SpaceX's Interplanetary
Spaceship | Video]
The spaceship will lift off with little if any fuel on board, to maximize
the payload — people, cargo or a combination of both — that the craft is
able to carry to orbit. An ITS booster will therefore launch again, topped
with a tanker, and rendezvous with the orbiting spaceship to fill its tank.
Then, when the timing is right — Earth and Mars align favorably for
interplanetary missions just once every 26 months — the spaceship portion
of the ITS will turn its engines on and blast from Earth orbit toward the
Red Planet.
The spaceship will be capable of transporting at least 100 and perhaps as
many as 200 people, Musk said. It will also likely feature movie theaters,
lecture halls and a restaurant, giving the Red Planet pioneers a far
different experience than that enjoyed by NASA's Apollo astronauts, who were
crammed into a tiny capsule on their way to the moon.
"It'll be, like, really fun to go," Musk said. "You'll have a great time."
This SpaceX graphic shows how the capabilities of the company's
Interplanetary Transport for Mars stacks up to NASA's massive Saturn V moon
rocket.
The powerful Raptors will allow the ship to make the trip in as little as 80
days initially, depending on exactly where Earth and Mars are at the time,
Musk said. That's a pretty quick trip; it takes six to nine months for
spacecraft to reach the Red Planet using currently available technology. And
Musk said he eventually thinks the ITS ship will be able to cut the travel
time to just 30 days or so.
There won't be just one ship making the journey. When the ITS is really up
and running, 1,000 or more of the ships will zoom off to Mars every 26
months.
"The Mars colonial fleet would depart en masse," Musk said.
This fleet would land on Mars using "supersonic retropropulsion," slowing
down enough to touch down softly by firing onboard thrusters rather than
relying on parachutes. SpaceX said it plans to test this landing technique
during the company's upcoming "Red Dragon" mission, which aims to launch
SpaceX's uncrewed Dragon capsule toward Mars in May 2018. |
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