c**i
发帖数: 6973 | 1 羅添斌, 潛射雄二測評 劍龍級潛艦大升級. Liberty Times, July 7, 2011.
http://www.libertytimes.com.tw/2011/new/jul/7/today-p1.htm
My comment: I read the news upon its publication at 3 pm. My impression was
Taiwan's aim was aspirational, rather than a reality. After all,
(a) China announced the capability in mid-1980s but Annual Report to
Congress: Military and Secutiry Developments Involving the People's Republic
of China. 2010, by US Department of Defense, stated that enither JL-1 nor -
2 was operational.
(b) Taiwan is not known to make its own torpedoes but has bought from US for
decades. And I guess, just guess, capability to make a torpedo comes before
that for a submarine-launched missile.
and (c) Not many nations are
HOWEVER, today this reports came out, based on the above report, which
indicates Taiwan has tried though outcomes were unknown:
Taiwan 'tests sub-launched missile.' AFP, July 7, 2011 (9 hours ago).
http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5io6
AwoNtZqbDPaS4t07IVTjXqg0A?docId=CNG.7e8ac63ac69f01c5fe7b5509115459b3.31
(c) submarine-launched missile
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Submarine-launched_missile
The list includes India's BrahMos, as well as China's YJ-82.
(i) "The Indian Navy operates a fleet of diesel-electric submarines of the
Sindhughosh and Shishumar classes."
Indian Navy
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Navy
It does not have nuclear-powered submarine--yet (Russia might lease one in
the coming October). But none of India's current submarine can shoot
missiles. The most India has done is test a missiel from a underwater
platform (see (d) below).
Indeed, click BrahMos, you will read, "Variants: [among others] Submarine
launched, Anti-Ship variant (under development, expected completion 2011)."
(ii) Harpoon (missile)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harpoon_(missile)
Quote: "At least 339 Harpoon missiles were sold to the Republic of China Air
Force (Taiwan) for its F-16 A/B Block 20 fleet and the Taiwanese Navy,
which operates four guided-missile destroyers and sixteen guided-missile
frigates with the capability of carrying the Harpoon, include the eight
former U.S. Navy Knox class frigates and the eight locally-built derivative
of the Oliver Hazard Perry class frigates. There are also the four former U.
S.N. Kidd class guided-missile destroyers, which have been sold to Taiwan
and have the capability of carrying Harpoon missiles. Plus the 2 Zwaardvis/
Hai Lung submarines and 12 P-3C can launch Harpoon missiles.
Note: Wiki provvides no reference for this paragraph.
(d) submarine-launched ballistic missile
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Submarine-launched_ballistic_missi
(i) Sagarika (missile)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sagarika_(missile)
(K-15 Sagarika (Sanskrit for Oceanic) is a nuclear-capable submarine
launched ballistic missile with a range of 700 kilometres (435 mi); The
missile was successfully test fired six times, and tested to its full range
up to three times. The tests of February 26, 2008 was conducted from a
submerged pontoon 50 metres (160 ft) beneath the surface off the coast of
Visakhapatnam)
(e) I re-read the Liberty Times report just now, which is ambiguious. Even
if Taiwan succeeds in firing HF-2E and or Harpoon missiles from a submarine
(or two), it is unclear whether the submarines was above or under water. If
the submarine(s) has to emerge before firing either missiles, it is not much
of a deterent, but rather a suicide.
But see
台湾媒体称军方试验潜射雄风导弹. BBC Chinese, July 7, 2011
http://www.bbc.co.uk/zhongwen/simp
/chinese_news/2011/07/110707_taiwan_china_missile.shtml
Quote:
台湾《自由时报》"报道还说，台湾军方费时5年，将原先为水面上舰艇发射的雄风二型
导弹改装成为具有水下发射能力的反舰导弹。
"雄风二型反舰导弹自成军到现在已经20多年，根据台湾媒体先前的报道，潜射式的该
型导弹也默默发展了至少十多年。
Quotation 1 is not seen in the online version of the Liberty Times report.
Yet I always believe that a print report in Taiwan must be considerably
longer than the online version, for the simple reason that a copy of
newspaper in Taiwan is like that in US: it is as thick as a mini-book.
(f) Hai Lung class submarine
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hai_Lung_class_submarine
Quote:
"In 2005, it was reported that the Hai Lung class submarines would be
upgraded to be capable of launching the UGM-84 Harpoon anti-ship missile.[1]
"In 2008, the Pentagon notified the United States Congress of the sale to
Taiwan of 32 UGM-84 Harpoon Block II missiles, along with two weapon control
systems, other associated equipment and services.[2]
Note:
* Reference 1 is:
Taiwan to boost submarine force with Harpoon anti-ship missiles: Jane's. AFP
, Sept 25, 2005.
http://www.spacewar.com/2005
/050925045232.0c99y2bv.html
* In Taiwan, Zwaardvis class submarine is translated as 劍龍級潛艦 (
zwaardvis is Dutch for "swordfish") and the two Taiwan-owned submarine is
simply called 海龍 (the lead submarine), 海虎 (both of which are only
occasionally categorized as 海龍級).
(g) At long last, I will return to a recent failture, which Taiwan military
explained was produced in 2005 when technology was not mature.
羅添斌, 軍方首度證實：雄三飛彈 曾應急戰備部署. Liberty Times, June 29, 2011
http://www.libertytimes.com.tw
/2011/new/jun/29/today-p3.htm | w********r
发帖数: 3183 | 2 我还以为是日本人物介绍呢.
was
Republic
-
for
before
【在 c**i 的大作中提到】
: 羅添斌, 潛射雄二測評 劍龍級潛艦大升級. Liberty Times, July 7, 2011.
: http://www.libertytimes.com.tw/2011/new/jul/7/today-p1.htm
: My comment: I read the news upon its publication at 3 pm. My impression was
: Taiwan's aim was aspirational, rather than a reality. After all,
: (a) China announced the capability in mid-1980s but Annual Report to
: Congress: Military and Secutiry Developments Involving the People's Republic
: of China. 2010, by US Department of Defense, stated that enither JL-1 nor -
: 2 was operational.
: (b) Taiwan is not known to make its own torpedoes but has bought from US for
: decades. And I guess, just guess, capability to make a torpedo comes before
| c**i
发帖数: 6973 | 3 Harpoon is A/R/UGM-84.
AGM stands for air-to-ground missile; RGM Radar Guided Missile; UGM
Underwater Guided Missile.
(1) Harpoon Block II; Backgrounder. Boeing, undated.
http://www.boeing.com/defense-space
/missiles/harpoon/docs/HarpoonBlockIIBackgrounder.pdf
Quote:
"Weight:
1,160 lb. Air configuration
1,459 lb. ASROC configuration
1,520 lb. TARTAR configuration
1,523 lb. Capsule/canister configuration
"Propulsion: Air-breathing turbojet engine (cruise), solid-propellant
booster
Note:
(a) RUR-5 ASROC
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RUR-5_ASROC
(for Anti-Submarine ROCket)
(b) TARTAR is acronym for Surface-To-Air Guided Missile Weapon System. Why?
I do not know.
For pictures, see
Tartar Guided Missile Fire Control System
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki
/Tartar_Guided_Missile_Fire_Control_System
(2)
(a) Capsule.
AGM-84 Harpoon; SLAM [Stand-Off Land Attack Missile]. Federation of American
Scientists (FAS), undated.
http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/smart/agm-84.htm
Quote:
(a) "Submarines fire a capsule containing the Harpoon from their torpedo
tubes. When the capsule breaches the surface, the top is blown off and the
missile is launched. * * * The submarine Harpoon is contained within a
capsule and is called ENCAP for encapsulated. The ENCAP is the same size and
general shape of a blunt nosed torpedo and is launched from submarine
torpedo tubes. It has positive buoyancy (it floats), so when it is ejected
from the submarine, it will rise to the surface, without power. The ENCAP
consists of a nosecap, main body and afterbody. The missile is on shock
isolator rails within the main body. The afterbody has fins which direct the
ENCAP towards the surface at the proper angle for missile launch. Once the
ENCAP breaches the surface, the nosecap is blown off by a small rocket and
the missile is launched.
(b) modules:
"The Sustainer Section consists of a fuel tank with JP-10 fuel, air inlet
duct, and a jet engine. This provides the thrust to power the missile during
sustained flight. The Sustainer Section has four fixed fins which provide
lift.
"The Booster Section consists of a solid fuel rocket and arming and firing
device. Surface and submarine platforms use a booster to launch Harpoon and
propel it to a speed at which sustained flight can be achieved. The Booster
Section separates from the missile before sustained flight begins.
My comment: One paragraph of this web page indicates, "An appropriately
configured HARPOON can be launched from an AERO-65 bomb rack, AERO-7/A bomb
rack, MK 6 canister, MK 7 shock resistant canister, MK 12 thickwall canister
, MK 112 ASROC launcher, MK 8 and MK 116 TARTAR launcher, or submarine
torpedo tube launcher."
The first two (AERO-65 and -7/A) are on an airplane. From Mark 6 to 116,
they are all on surface ships.
(b) Canister.
"When launched from a submarine, the Harpoon is shot out of a torpedo tube
in its canister. When the canister leaves the torpedo tube, a lanyard causes
the canister to pop out fins, and it then glides upward towards the surface
of the water. Once the canister breaches the surface, it blows off its tail
and cap and fires the Harpoon on its solid-fuel booster."
[11.1] AGM-84 HARPOON.
http://www.vectorsite.net/twbomb_11.html
* lanyard (n; Middle English lanyer thong): "a piece of rope or line for
fastening something in a ship"
www.m-w.com
In the same web page, please also consult two illustrations:
(i) Teledyne CAE J402 Turbojet
Note: An outward appearance of the engine in Sustainer Section:
Teledyne CAE J402-CA-400, 1975
http://www.flickr.com/photos/nostri-imago/2906646234/
("Teledyne CAE began developing the J402-CA-400 (CAE Model 370) in 1972 to
power U.S. Navy’s McDonnell Douglas AGM-84A Harpoon, an antiship missile
that could be launched from surface ships, aircraft and submarines. A rocket
booster stage launched and initially powered the missile; then was
jettisoned after burnout. The J402 engine then powered the Harpoon for the
rest of its brief flight. Designed as an expendable, short-life engine, the
J402 was the first small turbojet missile engine designed for long-term
storage without maintenance – for this reason, it has been called a “
wooden round” propulsion system. The first production J402 was delivered in
1975. By the early 1990’s, the Harpoon was the most widely deployed
missile in the U.S. Navy and was also used by the U.S. Air Force and other
naval forces.")
(ii) one with captions of "AGM-64D HARPOON" and "UGM-84D SUB-HARPOON" and
text three paragraphs prior to it:
"When fired from a ground battery, ship, or submarine [but NOT from air],
the Harpoon is launched into the air with a solid rocket booster that
generates 53.9 kN (5,500 kgp / 12,000 lbf) thrust for just under three
seconds. The booster adds 75 centimeters (29 inches) to the missile's length
and 160 kilograms (350 pounds) to its weight."
A sub-Harpoon is the colloquial for a submarine-launched Harpoon missile.
(c) I can not find any photos or illustrations that show what an capsule or
a canister looks like, with or without a missile in situ. I most I can find
is this web page, showing two photos of a Harpoon alongside a canister cap.
I do not know if I can trust this web site, though.
The Cannister Launch System: Missiles from submarines. (by unknown author(s)
; undated)
http://www.darkgovernment.com/RANCHO
/CRASH/TWA/SYS_CANNISTER.html
Quote:
"The advantage of the cannister system is twofold. Launched via conventional
torpedo tube, the system can be retrofitted to existing submarines without
vertical launch tubes (such as the older 688 boats), and the delay in the
cannister's rise to the surface allows the submarine to clear datum, so that
the actual missile firing does not reveal the submarine's true location.
"Meanwhile, its worth noting that the enhanced type 688 submarine includes
12 vertical launch tubes forward of the sail which are admitted to handle
Tomahawk and Harpoon. The Mark 41 surface launcher handles Tomahawk and
Harpoon and Sea Sparrow and Standards with the same sized tube.
Note: For 688, see Los Angeles class submarine
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles_class_submarine
(also called 688 class; is a class of nuclear-powered fast attack submarines
(SSN); Succeeded by: Virginia class attack submarine; Built: 1972 – 1996;
In commission: 1976 – present)
(3)
(a) This is a web page from Strategic Systems Programs (SSP), US Navy, which
does not deal with Harpoon but Tomahawk. It appears that the same
principles is employed to launch Tomahawk missile from a submarine.
The British Strategic Systems Programs (under Facts: Polaris-Poseidon-
Trident), undated.
http://www.ssp.navy.mil/about/history_facts_6.shtml
Quote:
"The TOMAHAWK missile, while onboard the SSGN, is encapsulated within the
legacy Capsule Launching System (CLS). The CLS provides environmental
protection, missile ejection using a gas generator, and an umbilical cable
for communication with the shipboard components. This configuration is
referred to as the TOMAHAWK All-Up- Round (AUR).
"Multiple All-Up-Round Canister (MAC)
The MAC structurally supports seven TOMAHAWK All Up Rounds (AURs) or AUR
ballast cans, and interfaces with the existing OHIO Class missile tube. The
MAC supports the AURs both vertically and radially at the upper flange and
provides radial support for the capsule at three specific elevations to
align with the exterior AUR shock pads. The MAC also provides an upper seal
between itself and the missile tube, and seals between itself and individual
AURs or AUR ballast cans. These seals prevent water from entering the
missile tube below the MAC.
(b) cruise missile submarine
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruise_missile_submarine
Quote:
"SSGN is the United States Navy hull classification symbol for a nuclear-
powered cruise missile submarine[, where t]he SS denotes 'Ship, Submersible'
(i.e. submarine), the G denotes 'guided missile'
"From 2002 to 2008 the U.S. Navy modified the four oldest Ohio-class Trident
submarines to SSGN configuration. The conversion was achieved by installing
vertical launching systems (VLS) in a configuration dubbed 'multiple all-up
-round canister (MAC).' This system was installed in 22 of the 24 missile
tubes, replacing one large nuclear strategic ballistic missile with 7
smaller Tomahawk cruise missiles. The 2 remaining tubes were converted to
lockout chambers (LOC) to be used by special forces personnel who can be
carried on board. This gives each converted sub the capability to carry up
to 154 Tomahawk missiles. The MAC tubes can also be used to carry and launch
UAVs or UUVs which give the ship remote controlled "eyes & ears" allowing
the ship to act as a forward-deployed command & control center.
(4) History of submarine launched missile.
Submarine-launched ballistic missile came out first before submarine-
launched cruise or guided missile.
submarine-launched ballistic missile
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki
/Submarine-launched_ballistic_missile
("Soviet Union making its first successful underwater launch of a submarine
ballistic missile in the White Sea on 10 September 1960 from the same
converted Project 611 ([NATO designation:] Zulu Class) submarine that first
launched the R-11FM (SS-N-1 Scud-A, naval modification of SS-1 Scud) on 16
September 1955. The United States made the first successful underwater
launch of a Polaris on 20 July 1960 (40 days previously))
However, Soviet Union's Sept 15, 1955 success was from an emerged submarine.
See
Norman Polmar, Jurrien Noot, Submarines of the Russian and Soviet Navies,
1718-1990. Naval Institute Press, 1991, at page 154
http://books.google.com/books?id=7cDN8q2RHGMC
&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=submarine+launch+missile+canister&source=bl&ots=TGL_
STDnw
9&sig=8euJJ8CQdpZabadR5CkumKKHSkc&hl=en&ei=fhAXTqXUIcbpgAeuloT-Dw&sa=X&oi=
book_
result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CDsQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=submarine%20launch%20
missile%20canister&f=false
("The first submarine missile firing from teh surfaced Zulu took place in
September 1955")
(5) Ultimately I have no idea whether Taiwan launches Harpoon or HF-2 from
torpedo tube or vertical launch system (VLS). |
|
