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Made from nature’s building blocks of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen,
organic materials with novel electronic and optical characteristics show high
conductivity [1], photovoltaic effect [2], photoluminescence (PL) [3], and
electroluminescence (EL) [4], which have been intensively studied in the last
two decades. Compared with their inorganic counterparts, organic
semiconductors offer several advantages. Unlike the extreme high vacuum and
temperatures of |
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