i**********d
发帖数: 853 | 1 A 43-year-old woman comes to the physician because she has not had a
menstrual period for 3 months. Vital signs
are normal. Examination of the breasts shows expressible galactorrhea
bilaterally; there is no tenderness.
Examination of external genitalia shows no abnormalities. The vaginal mucosa
is pink and moist. There is a small
cervical os with no lesions, drainage, or tenderness; cervical mucus is
consistent with the proliferative phase. The
uterus is small, nontender, and slightly posterior.... 阅读全帖 |
|
l*******4
发帖数: 97 | 2 和大家探讨一下学习方式把。
1)比如，我目前复习的儿科的antidose. 对于
anticholinergic的toxic sign， antidose是 Physostigmine sulfate.我期望我能够
大脑里反映的出 anticholinergic + physostigime sulfmate的生理反应机理和药理.
2)比如看congenital adrenal hyperplasia，我就会回去看看adrenal gland 的生理机制
，还有在不同步骤各种酶。这样我就会回去看看病例生理的书。
3)UW中的解释的各个选项，我也会大概的翻翻书了解一下
我这样是否太细了？我也知道越是不熟悉的科弄得越细，熟悉的科目，自己都知道那里
是重点那里掠过。所以时间安排也合理。
关于药物治疗，是否适应UW的那样要求就可以了？
大家帮我提提建议。
谢谢。 |
|
q**d
发帖数: 109 | 3 1)比如，我目前复习的儿科的antidose. 对于anticholinergic的toxic sign，
antidose是 Physostigmine sulfate.我期望我能够大脑里反映的出 anticholinergic
+ physostigime sulfmate的生理反应机理和药理.
一般ck会出一大堆症状体征，首先，你要判断是不是中毒，然后选药物。
2)比如看congenital adrenal hyperplasia，我就会回去看看adrenal gland 的生理机
制，还有在不同步骤各种酶。这样我就会回去看看病例生理的书。
CK一般不考机制，但是考诊断，一大堆体征，症状，似是而非，让你选诊断。
3)UW中的解释的各个选项，我也会大概的翻翻书了解一下
CK就是要教你在无限的模糊的data中找出你的正确诊断。所以，不论什么熟悉不熟悉，
能辨伪存真才是硬道理 |
|
q**d
发帖数: 109 | 4 这道题要是有外源胰岛素注射选项就完美了，可惜没有。 pituitary gland can not
explain anything in this question. |
|
h**s
发帖数: 1757 | 5 Why? Give a reason? Why not pituitary gland explain it? |
|
h**s
发帖数: 1757 | 6 Because we have two adrenal glands and one pituitary. That why secondary is
more common than primary addision?
LIKELY |
|
s******h
发帖数: 103 | 7 因为时间短，纽约学习班的重点是查体，问病史教的很简略，而SP是随机抽取case，老
师即兴讲。问题就是不一定能完全覆盖，而且笔记也不一定记完整。所以自己回来总结
口诀反复练习是很重要的。比如我总结的Fatigue的鉴别诊断：
Fatigue and weight loss (DAMN SHiT)
Diabetes mellitus
1. Do you have any change of urination?
2. Are you more thirsty? Increased snacking?
3. How about your appetite? Do you have any change of your body weight?
Diet?
Depression:
1. How is your mood?
2. Did you thought to hurt yourself? Do you have any plan?
3. Do you have family to support you? Do you have any friend... 阅读全帖 |
|
e****0
发帖数: 678 | 8 • Exaggerated deep tendon reflexes can be seen in lock in syndrome.
• Non bleeding varices are managed with nonselective beta-
adrenergic antagonists, such as propranolol.
• Sclerotherapy, endoscopic band ligation, and surgery are
indicated after a patient has a first episode of variceal bleeding.
• TIPS is a last resort in variceal bleeding unresponsive to
medical and endoscopic intervention.
• Ischemic colitis
CT—thickening of eth bowel ... 阅读全帖 |
|
e****0
发帖数: 678 | 9 Screening
Pap smear for vervical cancer is 21 yo
DM
24-28 weeks
One hour 50 grams oral glucose tolerance test. BG > 140
Three hours glucose tolerance test (if two or more are positive)
1. Fasting BG > 95
2. One hour BG > 180
3. Two hours BG> 155
4. Three hours BG > 140
• Dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB)
Heavy vaginal bleeding occurs in the absence of structural or
organic disease
Endometrial biop... 阅读全帖 |
|
e****0
发帖数: 678 | 10 Endometrial hyperplasia types. Risk of cancer treatment
simple 1% Cyclic progestin
complex 3% Cyclic progestin
Simple atypical 8% THA or progestins
Complex atypical 29% THA or progestins
• Prolatinoma and hypothyroidism galactorrhea
• Anesthesia can reduce uterine activity if in the latent phase
• Contraceptive for lactating mother
Progestin-only oral contraceptive
• Pregnancy luteoma
African-ameri... 阅读全帖 |
|
e****0
发帖数: 678 | 11 • leukemia
ALL AML CLL
child adult elderly
BM lymphoblasts 25%myeloblasts
lab Lymphocyte 5000, mature-appearing cells
• Osgood-schlatters disease
Adolescent male athletes
Traction apophysitis—quadriceps tendon put the traction on the
apophysis of the tibial tubercle where patellar tendon inserts.
A firm mass =heterotopic bone formation
Pain can be reproduced by extending the kne... 阅读全帖 |
|
h*******y
发帖数: 1220 | 12 Steps are:
1. Low dose dex (sensitive but not specific) to exclude; if (-), stop; if (+
):
2. 24 h cortisol / urine (expensive but specific); if (-): look for other
reasons such as stress...; if (+):
3. High dose dex:
positive: adrenal or puituitary adenoma
--high ACTH = pituitary = MRI;
--low ACTH = adenoma of adrenal gland;
Negative high dose = small cell carcinoma (high ACTH) or adrenal Ca (low
ACTH). |
|
h*******y
发帖数: 1220 | 13 CT of the chest or adrenal gland should be the answer. |
|
g******p
发帖数: 111 | 14 could you please help review/complete/edit my translation of my mom's PET/CT
report, in particular, on the chest part (attached in the 2nd post)? i
skipped many places that i cannot find the words.
i am bringing her in for a follow-up in the states. Really appreciated your
help!
PROCEDURE: (18F)-fluorodeoxyglucose was administered intravenously via the
right antecubital vein. To allow for distribution and uptake of radiotracer,
the patient was allowed to rest quietly for 60 minutes in a shielded... 阅读全帖 |
|
d*********n
发帖数: 18 | 15 this one of my CS protocols, hope can help whoever going to take the test, I
don’t need any more.
not perfect, but good to figure out diagnosis, should not miss the diagnosis
,
do not need to ask all questions , must adjust base the case,
if better ideas, pleas modify to make easier for people who may need
Amenorrhea
Mental check list:
Pregnancy,
hyperprolatinemia,
hypothyroidism,
PCOS,
premature menopause,
depression
asheman syndrome,
anorexia nervosa,
strenuous exercise
Patricia Garrison, a 36... 阅读全帖 |
|
j*****o
发帖数: 137 | 16 41. During a routine examination, a 20-year-old man is found to have a firm,
bilaterally enlarged thyroid gland and lymphadenopathy. His father died of
thyroid cancer at the age of 40 years. Which of the following hormones is
most likely associated with this patient's findings?
A) ACTH
B) ADH (vasopressin)
C) Aldosterone
D) Calcitonin
E) Growth hormone
F) G3-hCG
G) Insulin
H) Parathyroid hormone
I) Thyroid-stimulating hormone
J) Thyroxine (T4)
What is the answer and desease on this patient? |
|
A**********9
发帖数: 151 | 17 请版上同学帮忙看看这两道题。
1. A 16-year-old boy is brought to the physician for a routine examination.
He has a lifelong history of developmental delays and unusual movements such
as hand flapping. He has a meager vocabulary. Two maternal uncles have
mental retardation. Physical examination shows coarse facial features and
macro-orchidism. DNA testing shows an expansion of a trinucleotide repeat.
The patient comes from a family of four daughters. If the parents appear
healthy, on
average how many of their d... 阅读全帖 |
|
r*****t
发帖数: 4793 | 18 那就在这里说一下吧。
背景：东北某医大98年毕业，然后读了基础的研究生，磕磕绊绊混了个欧洲的学位，现
在博后第6年。
准备经过：边上班边准备。13年8月开始看书。FA2010版的。10月开始做kplan，14年2
月开始做uw。书换成了2014的FA。FA2010看了一遍，2014看了3.5遍 （考试前两天急匆
匆从头翻了400页，算0.5遍）。Kaplan做了一遍后错题又做过一次，总共有90几个
block吧，uw的情况差不多。14年7月做了NBME form7，190多点。8月开始做kaplan的自
测题，第一套62%，一个多月后做第二套，66%，差不多3周后做uw模拟题，247。再三周
后做uw模拟题第二套，还是247。感觉从这以后就进入瓶颈，没怎么提高。考前4周做了
nbme第13套，232，前二周做nbme15套还是232。考前5天做了nbme 16套，230。感觉就
是这么个水平了，也没有改期。也许再多搞两个月成绩会好点。
考试经过：考试约在星期六。考前请了一周假。考前当晚睡得不好，11点躺下后1小时
还没睡着，吃了片安眠药（ld给的，不知道具体什么药）后又30分左右才睡着... 阅读全帖 |
|
l****j
发帖数: 114 | 19 看到过pituitary gland上长良性肿瘤导致性激素乱的病例 |
|
l****j
发帖数: 114 | 20 看到过pituitary gland上长良性肿瘤导致性激素乱的病例 |
|
n***i
发帖数: 84 | 21 bump 一下。 我们很想知道是不是值得来美国做第二次手术和大概的花费， 她现在同时也在联系北京协和的医生。
我在国内的好朋友确诊甲状腺癌， 去年做了一次手术，手术切除甲状腺右叶，里面有0
.8 X0.8 cm 的恶性结节，病理是乳头状甲状腺癌，累及被膜。 手术保留甲状腺左叶，
没有进行淋巴清扫，医生不记得是不是保留了右侧的甲状旁腺
parathyroid glands（是管分泌钙的很重要的腺体）。
现在的问题是：左叶中有一个结节，0.5X0.5cm,B超怀疑是恶性的，但是没确定，如果
是，要全部切除剩下的左叶。但是由于上次手术对左侧甲状腺有探查，因此手术保留旁
腺的难度加大，其他风险到没什么了。
现在她很想知道值不值得到美国来做第二次手术，
1。手术的费用大概估计会有多少。
2、手术后碘131 治疗的费用（I 131），一次。
3、没保险行不行。
多谢指教！ |
|
n***i
发帖数: 84 | 22 bump 一下。 我们很想知道是不是值得来美国做第二次手术和大概的花费， 她现在同时也在联系北京协和的医生。
我在国内的好朋友确诊甲状腺癌， 去年做了一次手术，手术切除甲状腺右叶，里面有0
.8 X0.8 cm 的恶性结节，病理是乳头状甲状腺癌，累及被膜。 手术保留甲状腺左叶，
没有进行淋巴清扫，医生不记得是不是保留了右侧的甲状旁腺
parathyroid glands（是管分泌钙的很重要的腺体）。
现在的问题是：左叶中有一个结节，0.5X0.5cm,B超怀疑是恶性的，但是没确定，如果
是，要全部切除剩下的左叶。但是由于上次手术对左侧甲状腺有探查，因此手术保留旁
腺的难度加大，其他风险到没什么了。
现在她很想知道值不值得到美国来做第二次手术，
1。手术的费用大概估计会有多少。
2、手术后碘131 治疗的费用（I 131），一次。
3、没保险行不行。
多谢指教！ |
|
a*******n
发帖数: 82 | 23 78 yo female was transferred for evaluation of torsades. The patient has one
year history of AF and has been taking amiodarone and coumadine. For the
past 5 months, she has been feeling severe nausea. She was admitted to xxx
Hospital for evaluation. There, her Hgb was 7.8 and TSH was over 40. Then
Amiodarone was stopped for presumed toxicity to thyroid gland. And coumadin
was stopped for suspicious GI bleeding. Levothyroxine was started.She was
also given 2 units of pRBC. EGD was done and found ... 阅读全帖 |
|
a*******n
发帖数: 82 | 24 78 yo female was transferred for evaluation of torsades. The patient has one
year history of AF and has been taking amiodarone and coumadine. For the
past 5 months, she has been feeling severe nausea. She was admitted to xxx
Hospital for evaluation. There, her Hgb was 7.8 and TSH was over 40. Then
Amiodarone was stopped for presumed toxicity to thyroid gland. And coumadin
was stopped for suspicious GI bleeding. Levothyroxine was started.She was
also given 2 units of pRBC. EGD was done and found ... 阅读全帖 |
|
C*****D
发帖数: 1299 | 25 因为报告不规范。
虽然都是T1， 但AJCC分得很细， 大小和深度更重要，且要明确有无入子宫。临床是否
有意义，取决于临床y医生。
切缘用法不明确： there are only 2 margins: radial and vagina.
Angiolymphatic invasion in cervical SCC not commonly seen, most are due to
the misinterpretation of cancer involving underlying glands/ducts
Adenomyosis is commonly seen in 经产妇或c-section.其他人不常见。
These 2 diagnosis have to be verified |
|
C*****D
发帖数: 1299 | 26 因为报告不规范。
虽然都是T1， 但AJCC分得很细， 大小和深度更重要，且要明确有无入子宫。临床是否
有意义，取决于临床y医生。
切缘用法不明确： there are only 2 margins: radial and vagina.
Angiolymphatic invasion in cervical SCC not commonly seen, most are due to
the misinterpretation of cancer involving underlying glands/ducts
Adenomyosis is commonly seen in 经产妇或c-section.其他人不常见。
These 2 diagnosis have to be verified |
|
v*****e
发帖数: 30 | 27 感谢Icetea!
Here is the info:
patient age: 41
Family history: no breast cancer family history
medical history: no
Breast cancer with modified right radical mastectomy (right breast) and
axillary lymph node
dissection on 20th of May, 2011.
A lump under her right armpit was self-found but it was not checked out
until 1 and a half months later.
Her histopathology report has revealed that a tumour which was noted to be
at 2.5cm from the top of the nipple, 2.5 cm from the nipple.
It is also rep... 阅读全帖 |
|
y******a
发帖数: 590 | 28 sorry my laptop just got infected with " privacy protection" a rogueware.
headache.
it was salivory gland bx. I will post the story later. |
|
c**********m
发帖数: 2088 | 29 An underactive thyroid gland can lead to macrocytic anemia. 近10个孕妇中有1
个患甲减。
甲状腺功能减退简称甲减常伴有贫血，其发生率约占甲减患者的1/3—1/2，多数为轻、
中度正常血红蛋白或低血红蛋白小红细胞型贫血，少数为恶性贫血(大细胞性贫血)。那
么甲减性贫血的发病机制是什么呢？
(1)甲状腺激素有促进红细胞生成的功能，当甲减时甲状腺分泌减少，骨髓因缺乏
甲状腺激素而特异性受抑，呈增生不良，减少了红细胞生成素的促进物质之一，使红细
胞生成素减少而致贫血。
(2)甲减病人厌食，胃酸缺乏，约半数病例可继发有吸收减少，蛋白质与维生素B12吸收
减少，以及其它营养物质摄入减少，引起营养不良性贫血，①甲减时血容量减少，约有
32％—84％的病例血红蛋白可低至80—90g/L；以及月经过多大量失血也可导致贫血；
②某些病人因胃内因子缺乏使维生素B12吸收减少，造成大细胞性贫血，另甲减病人中
抗甲状腺抗体检出率相当高，因此认为发生大细胞性贫血可能与自身免疫对胃粘膜的损
害有关。 |
|
h*****1
发帖数: 429 | 30 The patient has been healthy and exercises regularly. There is no known
recent blood pressure reading before the incident. A CT scan has been
scheduled for adrenal gland.
180/ |
|
h*****1
发帖数: 429 | 31 Update:
<1> adrenal gland: CT examination shows “Normal”.
<2> problem with flexible blood pressure. In the past 24 hours, the
patient has a systolic pressure ranging from 192 to 116 with diastolic
pressure from 115 to 67.He fells dizzy when the blood pressure goes down.
<3> The flexible blood pressure could be associated with the muscularly
injection of naloxone hydrochloride (an opioid antagonist) at8mg/day.
Naloxone hydroxylase is said to improve perfusion in the ischemic stroke.
This drug ha... 阅读全帖 |
|
A*******s
发帖数: 9638 | 32 Agree with acne.
Adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) is one of a group of genetic disorders called the
leukodystrophies that cause damage to the myelin sheath, an insulating
membrane that surrounds nerve cells in the brain. People with ALD accumulate
high levels of saturated, very long chain fatty acids (VLCFA) in the brain
and adrenal cortex because they do not produce the enzyme that breaks down
these fatty acids in the normal manner. The loss of myelin and the
progressive dysfunction of the adrenal gl... 阅读全帖 |
|
A*******s
发帖数: 9638 | 33 Agree with acne.
Adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) is one of a group of genetic disorders called the
leukodystrophies that cause damage to the myelin sheath, an insulating
membrane that surrounds nerve cells in the brain. People with ALD accumulate
high levels of saturated, very long chain fatty acids (VLCFA) in the brain
and adrenal cortex because they do not produce the enzyme that breaks down
these fatty acids in the normal manner. The loss of myelin and the
progressive dysfunction of the adrenal gl... 阅读全帖 |
|
g******z
发帖数: 77 | 34 谢谢大家的回复
PET scan做完了，那个mass没有亮
肿瘤科的医生说99%应该不是恶性的，至于是什么，还是不知道，连到哪里也不知道
怀疑有可能是长在adrenal gland上的瘤，也有可能是cyst，也有可能是gastric
diverticulum。。。
肿瘤科的医生认为，因为我能感觉得到这个mass并造成不适感，他建议切除，并把我
refer到了一个外科医生那里
明天就要去见外科医生了，心中还是比较忐忑的，毕竟还是不知道这个东西是什么，而
且对于接下来要怎么做，也没有概念。
大家能给点建议吗？我自己想，先要搞清楚这个东西是什么，连在哪里，etc
可能要先开个口子在体内成像？然后再决定怎么切？还是直接切呢？
这个东西的位置感觉挺隐蔽的，可以做微创手术吗？还是要开大些？
这种手术危险吗？死亡事故的概率大吗？如果正常的话，要休息多久呀？
非常感谢！ |
|
z**********4
发帖数: 467 | 35 (1) The first important thing is to determine the location of the mass:
(1) Adrenal
(2) Spleen/Spleen hilum.
(3) Pancreas tail
(4) Stomach
(5) Upper pole of kidney
Could not arise from kidney or spleen or pancreatic tail since there is
clear fat plane separating the mass from both organs.
I could not tell for sure if the mass is arising from the fundus of stomach
or adrenal gland.
(2) Contrast enhancement and internal feature of the mass.
Internal calcification: Possible. I can not tell for sure... 阅读全帖 |
|
e***y
发帖数: 4307 | 36 我不是医生，但是我老婆现在正经历甲状腺癌，说说我们的经验吧，虽然你的肿瘤可能
不是恶性的。请医生指正。
这个病手术治疗是最最重要的，一定要找一个可靠，有经验的endocrine or ENT
surgeon. 这样能最大限度的减少并发症，和尽可能把颈部的肿瘤清除干净。手术的风
险主要是有可能伤害到颈部控制呼吸，说话，还有肩部等部位的神经。还有促甲状腺旁
腺(parathyroid gland)也有可能受影响，造成缺钙。一个好的医生能把这些可能性降
到几个百分点以下。然后要作的就是radioactive iodine therapy (RAI)，和定期复查
。甲状腺替代药品levothyroxine只要把剂量调整好了基本没有副作用，生活不会有影
响。不要怕手术，对于甲状腺癌这是保命或者根治的唯一途径。复发的几率因人而异，
有说达到30％的。如果是在颈部复发一般会再做手术。
甲状腺发生结节的一个保守疗法是吃甲状腺素，这样可以降低TSH(thyroid
stimulating hormone)从而减少对甲状腺细胞的刺激，达到缩小结节的效果。但是现在
有医生认为这个疗法的效果有限。但作为术后... 阅读全帖 |
|
f**********n
发帖数: 246 | 37 She keeps her nipple and all the breast skin, and just removed the glands,
then she must have used the best plastic surgeon, so it's really not such a
big deal.
there are so many people doing plastic surgery for breast augmentation any
way. At least, she was doing this for a good reason, not only for cosmetic
purpose. |
|
|
|
r*****1
发帖数: 805 | 40 神经科经验不足。Lacrimal gland irritation? |
|
n****n
发帖数: 5804 | 41 【 以下文字转载自 ChuanYu 讨论区 】
发信人: flmao (SoySauceCat), 信区: ChuanYu
标 题: 生死关头 急求脑外科和神经内科意见帮助! 求转求顶
发信站: BBS 未名空间站 (Thu Feb 21 16:07:01 2013, 美东)
生死关头，急求脑外科和神经内科专业意见帮助
求转贴，求顶贴！多谢！多谢！
患者：女，46岁，无其他病史,96来美。
2013年2月4日在NEW YORK的Presbyterian Hospital做了松果体囊肿pineal gland cyst
的摘除手术，手术本身顺利。术后不到2小时发现继发小脑静脉栓塞post-surgery
cerebellar stroke同时压迫脑干等部位造成 stem stroke，立即进行二次手术，开颅
清除血块，并切除严重受损的小脑扁桃避免脑疝，然后进入深度麻醉状态。为避免进一
步出血、水肿和伤害，2月6日进入亚低温（体温33度）持续到15日，逐步升至正常体温
。目前（2月20日）CT、MRI等诊断意见是依然有主动性出血（脑积液~10ml/hr可见新鲜
粉红色），小脑严重水肿压迫... 阅读全帖 |
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p****y
发帖数: 23737 | 42 【 以下文字转载自 Biology 讨论区 】
发信人: sunnyday (艳阳天), 信区: Biology
标 题: Re: “转基因粮食灭绝中华”的消息真的假的？
发信站: BBS 未名空间站 (Sat Oct 23 22:59:59 2010, 美东)
Int J Biol Sci 2009; 5:706-726 ©Ivyspring International Publisher
Research Paper
A Comparison of the Effects of Three GM Corn Varieties on Mammalian Health
Joël Spiroux de Vendômois1, François Roullier1, Dominique
Cellier1,2, Gilles-Eric Séralini1,3
We present for the first time a comparative analysis of blood and organ
system data from trials ... 阅读全帖 |
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h********u
发帖数: 2207 | 43 我google了一下。这个网站你可以看一看：
http://www.drmalpani.com/thyroid.htm
这是里面摘出来的一段，就是我的case,我IVF开始之前，不仅要吃药维持TSH,还要吃药
降低prolactin。
Hypothyroidism -- an underactive thyroid -- is a frequent cause of
infertility. If the thyroid in underactive, the hypothalamus and pituitary
gland can sense this and try to kick things back to normal by increasing
levels of the hormones TRH (thyroid-releasing hormone) and TSH (thyroid-
stimulating hormone) in your body. TRH , produced by the hypothalamus,
prompts the pituitary t |
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w****e
发帖数: 1013 | 44 刚刚google了一些那个甲状腺的问题，发现还是和infertility相关的：
Untreated thyroid peroxidase can lead to reproductive problems in
women. Such difficulties include infertility, miscarriage, premature
delivery and pre-eclampsia. When Graves' disease and Hashimoto's
disease are left untreated, it can necessitate surgical removal of the
thyroid gland.
如果这样的话，医生为什么不说要治疗呢？有JM也有这种问题吗？ |
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w*******y
发帖数: 60932 | 45 Newegg has Nail'D for the Xbox 360 on sale for $7.99 with Free Shipping
Here's the Link:
http://www.newegg.com/Product/Product.aspx?Item=N82E16874180016
nail'd is a game that mixes brutal speed with over the top roller-coaster
track-design insanity to deliver an off-road racing experience unlike any
other. You're going to make your powerful ATV or motocross bike do
incredible things. Blaze a trail at speeds no other off-road game can match
over gaping chasms, through fiery obstacles and high abo... 阅读全帖 |
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v**********m
发帖数: 5516 | 46 来自主题: _pennystock版 - arna Investment Considerations
Arena Pharmaceuticals (ARNA) is in the process of addressing issues raised
in the FDA’s complete response letter (CRL) of October 23, 2010 and expects
to file this response by year end. The company discussed its progress
during the second quarter conference call of August 9, 2011. Arena has
recently released results addressing two of the issues raised in regard to a
two-year carcinogenicity study in rats. One of these was the occurrence and
importance of mammary tumors ... 阅读全帖 |
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v**********m
发帖数: 5516 | 47 --------------------
转片旧文
Arena Pharmaceuticals (ARNA) is in the process of addressing issues raised
in the FDA’s complete response letter (CRL) of October 23, 2010 and expects
to file this response by year end. The company discussed its progress
during the second quarter conference call of August 9, 2011. Arena has
recently released results addressing two of the issues raised in regard to a
two-year carcinogenicity study in rats. One of these was the occurrence and
importance of mammary tumors ... 阅读全帖 |
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e*****i
发帖数: 993 | 48 对了，忘了说了，这个很重要。
light therapy的鼻祖Norman E. Rosenthal说，主要是眼睛，要让眼睛感受到光,不要直接看强光，但是要让部分光线进入眼睛。
melatonin的合成是发生在皮肤的，我不知道抑制是不是也是作用在皮肤，我还在进一步研究。下面是关于melatonin的基本信息。
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melatonin
Light dependence
Production of melatonin by the pineal gland is inhibited by light and permitted by darkness. For this reason melatonin has been called "the hormone of darkness" and its onset each evening is called the Dim-Light Melatonin Onset (DLMO). Secretion of melatonin as well as its level in the b |
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