Z**********g
发帖数: 222 | 1 不太熟悉 T cell immunotherapy,想问几个问题:
1. 这个成功的案例关键在于CLL中存在CD19这个tumor associated antigen吧.而在其
他很多癌尤其是实体瘤中,tumor antigen/tumor associated antigen不甚明了吧.
2. 该治疗存在副作用,就是把正常的B cell也给灭了吧.
3. T cell immunotherapy治疗leukemia的优势是engineered T cells在血道中可以和
leukemic cells充分作用,但对于实体瘤来说,这种充分的正面交锋却有限.
4. 对于一个晚期癌症病人来说,靠T cell攻击癌细胞,想必疗效会很有限,因为太温和了
,远不及放化疗手术凶猛直接.
不知是否有理? |
|
a********k
发帖数: 2273 | 2 花了一个小时，深深的鄙视一下自己的无聊行径！！
125 蔡亮 男 1980年11月 复旦大学 生命
科学 2007年12月毕业于[美国]北卡大学 [美国]加州大学旧金山分校 博士后
Cai L, Mostov K. Polarity is destiny. Cell. 2009 Nov 13;139(4):660-2. PubMed
PMID: 19914162; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2900917.
Cai L, Makhov AM, Schafer DA, Bear JE. Coronin 1B antagonizes cortactin and
remodels Arp2/3-containing actin branches in lamellipodia. Cell. 2008 Sep
5;134(5):828-42. PubMed PMID: 18775315; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2570342.
Cai L, Makhov AM, Bear JE. F-actin... 阅读全帖 |
|
c********b
发帖数: 363 | 3 不知道大家是怎么纯化抗体的，挂IgG的proein A柱子得到的肯定不纯。
如果是用antigen－affinity purification就会好很多。只是有时候那个his－tag还是
会干扰。一个师兄教我先用一个带HIS6的无关蛋白把non-specific的先去掉（比如
sunnyday最喜欢的actin就被我加了his6来干这事），然后再来做antigen－affinity。
如果是intein－tag提出来的这一步都可以省掉，只是intein得到的蛋白量好像没有his
－tag提出来的多。
要提到的是这个protocol在我手上得到的抗体浓度很低，我一般用1：100稀释，但是很
特异。还有就是不太适用于IP。
这个方法不用挂柱子，跑SDS－PAGE，直接转到膜上，block之后先把血清和actin－
his6（in my case）的膜放2hr，然后上清拿出来和block过的antigen的膜泡2hr，
Wash with 1XTBS（contains 0.02％ sodium azide) twice, 10 min each，Elute
with glycine（pH3）... 阅读全帖 |
|
c********b
发帖数: 363 | 4 不知道大家是怎么纯化抗体的，挂IgG的proein A柱子得到的肯定不纯。
如果是用antigen－affinity purification就会好很多。只是有时候那个his－tag还是
会干扰。一个师兄教我先用一个带HIS6的无关蛋白把non-specific的先去掉（比如
sunnyday最喜欢的actin就被我加了his6来干这事），然后再来做antigen－affinity。
如果是intein－tag提出来的这一步都可以省掉，只是intein得到的蛋白量好像没有his
－tag提出来的多。
要提到的是这个protocol在我手上得到的抗体浓度很低，我一般用1：100稀释，但是很
特异。还有就是不太适用于IP。
这个方法不用挂柱子，跑SDS－PAGE，直接转到膜上，block之后先把血清和actin－
his6（in my case）的膜放2hr，然后上清拿出来和block过的antigen的膜泡2hr，
Wash with 1XTBS（contains 0.02％ sodium azide) twice, 10 min each，Elute
with glycine（pH3）... 阅读全帖 |
|
o*******a
发帖数: 242 | 5 1981年 Hilleman made his first heptatis B vaccine in the USA
Hepatitis B: First Subunit Viral Vaccine in U.S.
The FDA licensed Hilleman’s human-blood-derived hepatitis B vaccine,
Heptavax-B. It was the first subunit viral vaccine developed in the United
States.
Hilleman transformed the hepatitis B surface protein, discovered by Baruch
Blumberg and known as the Australia antigen, into an effective vaccine.
Hilleman harvested serum from several IV drug users and homosexual men, in
whom the disease ... 阅读全帖 |
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o*******a
发帖数: 242 | 6 1963，Blumberg discovered HBsAg antigen, not vaccine itself, though the
vaccine is the effective antibody to this antigen.
later helleman and 陶其敏and others used blood-purified HBsAg antigens to
prove that they can indeed induce human immunity, and they made it for large
scale uses.
later this method was replaced by yeast-produced recombinant HBsAg to
industrilize the production.
I believe this is the way.
samples
not. |
|
S*****s
发帖数: 242 | 7 最早发现Ctla-4的是James Allison？这是谁告诉你的？Pierre Goldstein！连ctla-4
对免疫的抑制功能都是Jeffery Bluestone发现的，这才是关键的发现。这个Jim
Allison是开发抗体的，这个credit要给他。不过这离Lasker也太远了吧？ James
Allison现在是拉上他在MD Anderson的情妇拼命的抢credit，故意误导舆论。这不就有
像你这样被误导成了义务宣传员的？ 建议好好阅读这篇新的Science Letter, 搞清楚
才发言。
https://www.sciencemag.org/content/344/6180/149.1.full
Science 11 April 2014:
Vol. 344 no. 6180 p. 149
DOI: 10.1126/science.344.6180.149-a
LETTERS
Immunotherapy: It Takes a Village
We in the cancer immunology and immunotherapy community are th... 阅读全帖 |
|
V******t
发帖数: 444 | 8 【大家好，我是最早发现这件事的人，也就是坑主（发现过程见文末附录）。鉴于原帖
被改编、转载后引起了一些离谱的、造成误解的讨论，在此澄清，希望减小不良影响。】
很多人对邓岚倩经历的感想是“回国害了她”——
但邓岚倩并不是回国后才从一个正常人变成了女癫子，她是在国外时候就已经表现出了
精神问题。
证据1：知情人的回忆（邓刚刚从美归国，找工作时见过她的人）
“啊，现在这么严重啦。
想当年我还见过这个传奇人物呢，呵呵，那时来我们实验室应聘，老板本来想留她在实
验室工作的，人家哈佛来的啊，我们实验室的人集体围观之。没结婚，三十几岁，长的
那个老态啊，比他老爸没年轻多少啊，我们所有人的下巴都合不拢啊，一片惊诧声，连
老板娘都说如果我们实验室这些姑娘都混成这样那也太失败了，关键是人的精神状态太
糟糕了，很明显像受过心理创伤的，好悲剧的样子啊，后来实验室实在不敢引进这个“
人才”啊，过了大半年听说去了湖南师大 ”
“绝对真实，我见过真人，与她对话感觉很有困难，因为想引进人才她的博士论文老板
还交给我看过，让我了解了解，那时我还紧张的不行呢，一个下午厚厚一本论文要我看
完，压力大啊，直冒汗。那还是差不多... 阅读全帖 |
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b*****n
发帖数: 34 | 9 这两个文章结果不错，但是病人样本太小，病人可能都是精挑细选，更倾向对免疫疗法
有反应的（这个是根据以前一些一期试验的经验，没有依据）。个人对cancer vaccine
持怀疑态度，主要是因为：
1. 这个mutational load theory本身就很有瑕疵，如果看看几篇N Eng J Med的文章，
有疗效和没有疗效的患者mutational burden本身重叠部分就很大，加上现在很多被认
为是low mutational burden的肿瘤类型，对checkpoint反应率也没差太多。所以
antigen response 到了一定程度后，就是看microenvironment的抑制情况了。如果只
是作为maintenance therapy，那就回到20年前了，很难和新一代的制剂抗衡。
2. 即便是早期的cancer testis antigen vaccine, long peptide vaccine 也可以产
生类似于这个文章里的T 细胞反应，不过疗效在established tumour里微乎其微。这两
个文章也是看的复发率，大量的suppressive fact... 阅读全帖 |
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v*****s
发帖数: 20290 | 10 antigen的Raman信号一般比较复杂，峰比较多，不同的antigen也不好区分。通过
antibody bond以后，把Au NP固定住，再通过reporter就可以准确定位了。这个一般是
做imaging的，需要有某种手段把没固定住的Au NP弄掉，防止干扰。另外一个原因是
reporter一般是dye，比antigen的信号要强几个数量级。
你可以具体说一下哪篇paper，大家一起讨论看看。 |
|
b*******g
发帖数: 1309 | 11 GC-MS or any MS 是直接检测analyte 的信号
你上面提到的是间接检测，不是直接检测antigen的raman 信号，而是间接检测
reporter 信号，然后这个信号强度是跟antigen的浓度相关的
其中antibody 的存在，保证了reporter的信号是跟antigen有关
好好看看这个ELISA 的wiki
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ELISA
另外所有的 immuno assay 大致都是这个原理，跟你想像的直接检测不一样 |
|
s****y
发帖数: 62 | 12
再有一个quick question
我知道大部分antigen 和 antibody 都是特异性链接。
但是不排除有一种antibody可以选择2个antigen。 如果说，我的 target antigen是在
一个matrix里
面，里面有其他的干扰的物质，那我有用SERS就没有办法得到非常准确的结果了。
这样想对吗？
谢谢这位师兄。 |
|
h*******r
发帖数: 182 | 13 B cell is one kind of antigen presenting cell in addition to Macrophage (
specialized in fighting and presenting antigens from intracellular
microbes
such as Listeria, Mycobacteria, Leishmania, Histoplasma etc. therefore
initiate CMI), dendritic cells (skin, contact dermatitis), endothelial
cells
(Acute Graft rejection).
B cell also can mount non-memory humoral reaction against polysaccharide
antigen by producing IgM without T cell's help. But polypeptide usually
leads to reaction that mediated ... 阅读全帖 |
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i**********d
发帖数: 853 | 14 谢谢回复，我之所以问这个问题是因为：从外来抗原被注射入体内，到APC细胞把它和
MHC II的complex表达在细胞膜上之间有一些复杂的步骤，我个人认为这中间的过程是
解释这个题的关键所在。
基本步骤：
1. Exogenous antigens, such as viruses, are engulfed and placed in a
phagosome.
2. Lysosomes fuse with the phagosome forming a phagolysosome.
3. Protein antigens are degraded into a series of peptides.
4. MHC-II molecules are randomly synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum;
since MHC is very complicated system and can form numerous different MHC II
molecules, in most time at least one MHC II ... 阅读全帖 |
|
R****0
发帖数: 138 | 15 Rh+ means D antigen present and Rh- represents D antigen absence.
Unsensitized Rh- negative mother should be free of anti-Rh antibodies.
The D antigen is strong immunogenic, Rh- mother can produce anti D antibody
through blood transfusion or placental exposure during pregnancy |
|
p*******g
发帖数: 2976 | 16 【 以下文字转载自 Biology 讨论区 】
发信人: albertsmwk (.)(.), 信区: Biology
标 题: 第一批“青年千人计划”生物类@publication列表@
发信站: BBS 未名空间站 (Thu Aug 18 15:04:16 2011, 美东)
花了一个小时，深深的鄙视一下自己的无聊行径！！
125 蔡亮 男 1980年11月 复旦大学 生命
科学 2007年12月毕业于[美国]北卡大学 [美国]加州大学旧金山分校 博士后
Cai L, Mostov K. Polarity is destiny. Cell. 2009 Nov 13;139(4):660-2. PubMed
PMID: 19914162; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2900917.
Cai L, Makhov AM, Schafer DA, Bear JE. Coronin 1B antagonizes cortactin and
remodels Arp2/3-containing actin branche... 阅读全帖 |
|
A*******s
发帖数: 9638 | 17 来自主题: Medicalpractice版 - 科普一下乙肝 2011年慢性乙肝诊断标准：
IgM antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen (IgM anti-HBc) negative AND a
positive result on one of the following tests: hepatitis B surface antigen (
HBsAg), hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg), or hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA
OR
HBsAg positive or HBV DNA positive or HBeAg positive two times at least 6
months apart (Any combination of these tests performed 6 months apart is
acceptable) |
|
b******a
发帖数: 704 | 18 ZZ: What is hepatitis B? — Hepatitis B is a serious disease that harms the
liver. The liver is a big organ in the upper right side of the belly. A
virus causes this disease. The virus spreads from person to person when
their bodily fluids touch. This can happen in a few ways, like having sex or
sharing needles.
It is estimated that there are more than 300 million carriers of the
hepatitis B virus in the world, with over 500,000 dying annually from
hepatitis B-related liver disease. In China, HB... 阅读全帖 |
|
c*******7
发帖数: 3763 | 19 这个American Academy of Environmental Medicine还真的不是被学术界正式
accredited的组织。
你自己看看这个链接吧：
http://www.sciencebasedmedicine.org/?p=2564
Environmental Medicine – Not Your Average Specialty
I recently received an announcement for a conference on “Inflammation and
Autoimmunity.” The topic sounded interesting, but as I read further I saw
some red flags:
A gathering of healthcare leaders with a shared vision.
This event focuses on the the [sic] true causes and effects of inflammatory
and autoimmune diseases, ... 阅读全帖 |
|
c********e
发帖数: 4283 | 20 这个你最好去生物版问，你朋友孩子死亡原因应该是“溶血性贫血”，具体的是要看孩
子血液红细胞里对于EDC中哪一个的抗原是阳性的了。
举个例子如果，孩子是E antigen positive的，然后母亲血液里有E antibody的话，那
么孩子就要出事了，这个本身是小概率事件，疏忽了也是正常的。
孩子身体里有E antigen的话，应该是来自父亲的基因的，那么母亲的怎么会有E
antibody的呢？这就是之前几个网友提到的可能性 （1）头胎孩子给混血混的 - 流产
的也有可能， （2）输血得到的。 |
|
x****6
发帖数: 4339 | 21 这是UCSF的合成生物学大佬wendell lim的proposal abstract.
请你睁大你的狗眼认真看看，哪怕只是标题也好
http://grantome.com/grant/NIH/R01-CA196277-01
Redesigning the T cell: Using Synthetic Biology to Engineer Therapeutic
Cells
Lim, Wendell A.
University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
Engineered cells have the potential to serve as powerful """"""""smart""""""
"" therapeutic agents, but we lack a systematic framework for engineering
cells to optimize their efficacy and minimize their adverse effect... 阅读全帖 |
|
b********n
发帖数: 38600 | 22 送交者: 谐和。 于 2020-02-12 03:10:35
1，问题由来
2020新冠肺炎疫情，让平民百姓又了解了一个新名词：炎症风暴。有些新冠肺炎病人早
期发病并不凶险，但后期会突然加速，病人很快进入一种多重器官功能衰竭的状态，甚
至死亡。专业人士认为，这是一种炎症风暴。
炎症风暴（Cytokine storm），也就是细胞因子风暴（CRS，cytokine release
syndrome），也称细胞因子释放综合征，高细胞介质症（Hypercytokinemia），是一种
典型的药物诱导的系统炎症反应综合症，系统炎症严重了就是脓毒症。进一步解释，就
是指机体感染微生物后引起体液中多种细胞因子如TNF-α、IL-1、IL-6、IL-12、IFN-
α、IFN-β、IFN-γ、MCP-1和IL-8等迅速大量产生的现象。
免疫系统过度激活，免疫细胞跑去与癌细胞激烈交火，细胞因子就是免疫细胞发射的子
弹之一，本来控制在一定范围内，恰好把癌细胞杀灭，又不伤及平民。但是如果战斗太
剧烈了，火光冲天，流弹横飞，就有可能把平民的房子烧了，把无辜的难民打死了，甚
至伤及自己的友军。这就是细胞因子风... 阅读全帖 |
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m**********t
发帖数: 385 | 23 以下为该公司最新的岗位需求，请发简历给钱小姐：q*****[email protected]欢迎诸位应聘或推荐身边的朋友，这家公司的待遇还不错，别忘了在邮件里说明信息来源：mitbbs.com或未名人才；
Position: Senior Scientist in New technology
Opening: 2
Location: Nanjing, China
Responsibilities:
1. Technically coordinate all the projects in R&D Dept. Provide valuable
technical input and directions for the department.
2. Supervise the development of new products and technologies to improve the
product pipeline of R&D Dept.
3. Search patents and technical information.
4. Write paten... 阅读全帖 |
|
m**********t
发帖数: 385 | 24 有意向的可直接邮件至[email protected]或q*****[email protected] 联系人
：钱小姐,别忘了在邮件里说明信息来源：mitbbs.com或未名人才；
Position: Technical Account Manager:
Opening: 1
Location: US, Piscataway, New Jersey
Job description:
1.Technical Account Manager is the interface between our customers and our
laboratories.
2.Responsible for handling customer inquiries on our products and services
via phone and email.
3.Providing sale quotation and technical support. Managing ongoing projects
and maintaining customer relationships.... 阅读全帖 |
|
f******1
发帖数: 18 | 25 Nanjing biological company is looking for excellent talents to join it.
（1）抗体高级研究员
Job Description
1·Provide support for premium hybridoma relevant antibody projects,
customer communication from quotation to whole project management.
2·Be involved in internal antibody project design and technical support.
3·Provide supervisory and training to associate and assistant scientists.
4·Be responsible for research and development for new technology
development to promote our antibody services and produ... 阅读全帖 |
|
e******6
发帖数: 6 | 26 Job Description
Cooperation Introduction
GenScript is a contract research organization (CRO) specialized in
biological research and drug discovery services. Ever since its inception in
2002, GenScript has experienced rapid, constant, and organic growth. Now
GenScript has become a leading biology contract research organization (CRO)
in the world, with a global operating team of over 900 dedicated scientists,
staffs.
Headquartered in Piscataway, New Jersey, GenScript has become a leading
Biology C... 阅读全帖 |
|
c********o
发帖数: 31 | 27 南京美资生物公司招聘抗体/免疫/疫苗方向senior scientist
希望候选人：
1 海外留学经验，fresh phd or postdoc都可以。
2 熟悉antigen design, antibody production, antibody purification, antibody
characterization, antibody/antigen conjugation 等相关技术。
若有兴趣请咨询
QQ: 2948672703
Email: [email protected]
/* */ |
|
f******I
发帖数: 769 | 28
not sure about the chinese terminology,
hep B can be transmitted via intercourse,
but what you are looking for is if your partner is infectious, so you need
to know his hepatitisB e antigen, if that is positive, indicating he is
actively replicating and thus infectious,
if he is a carrier, often means his hep B e antigen should be negative and e
antibody should be positive, but if you are still worried about it, can
check a dna viral load, |
|
w********9
发帖数: 8613 | 29 """"""""""""""
Can Hepatitis B Surface Antigen-Positive Women Breastfeed?
Women infected with the hepatitis B virus often raise the question about the
risk of infection to their infants from breastfeeding. The Perinatal
Hepatitis B Prevention Program uses the following sources as reference:
1) The Red Book, American Academy of Pediatrics, 2006 Report of the
Committee on Infectious Diseases “Transmission of Infectious Agents via
Human Milk” p.125
“Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) has been dete |
|
c****b
发帖数: 951 | 30 前一段时间献血了，今天收到检测结果：
Antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) was abnormal， 具体如下
hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg): Non-reactive;
HBsAg Neutralization confirmatory test, N/A
hepatitis B core total antibody (Anti-HBc): Reactive
还有就是5、6年前打过乙肝疫苗，
现在有点紧张，请达人帮忙看看要紧吗。 不会是感染乙肝了吧？但愿不是啊
谢谢 |
|
g*****j
发帖数: 1211 | 31 I don't quite understand the terms in Chineses (两对半全阴性). If they are
surface antigen negative and surface antibody positive, they had hepatitis B
before and do not need vaccine any more. If they are surface antigen
negative and surface antibody negative, they can benefit from the vaccine to
protect them from future infections. Granted, they are at very low risk of
infection at this age, because hepatitis B generally transmit by body
fluids, ie sex, iv drug use, blood transfusion, etc. |
|
c********e
发帖数: 496 | 32 that's worrisome,
while you need to present your liver function, surface antigen, e antigen,
and anti-c antibody result. |
|
g*****j
发帖数: 1211 | 33 Should be OK. The two month vaccination does not contain live virus vaccine
yet. Vaccine are simply some antigen that stimulate immune system. Baby
are exposed to way more antigens than the vaccine provides every single day.
|
|
l*h
发帖数: 4124 | 34 it depends on what antigens are included in the vaccines. even for the same
bacteria, different vaccines may use different antigens or epitopes.
you will not be able to get this information from pediatricians. you will
have to talk to vaccine scientists to get the specific technical info. |
|
s*******s
发帖数: 115 | 35 体检时跟医生说很多年前在中国打的乙肝疫苗，不知还有没有抗体，医生说抽血看看，
顺便说帮我看看 Rubeola(风疹)，mumps(腮腺炎). 刚在网上看到test results（医生
还没跟我联系）：
我大概知道hepa B antigen NON reac意思是没有乙肝，那hepa B antibody reactive
是说我乙肝疫苗还有效吗？ 那怎么standard是NON 呢？
Rubeola, Rubella, Mumps 都阳性，标准却是阴性，意味着什么呢? 是小时候得过这两
个病，产生了抗体?
最终来说，基于上述结果，我现在有什么需要去做的吗？多谢
1. your value standard range
Hepatitis B Surface Antibody 146.47 mIU/mL
Hepatitis B Surface Antibody REACTIVE NON REAC
2. Hepatitis B Surface Antigen NON ... 阅读全帖 |
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k******g
发帖数: 895 | 36 你刚怀孕时查的是hepatitis B surface antigen，你现在再查这个抗原的话应该还是
阴性的。不知道为啥你的医生现在要给你查这个hepatitis core antibody,一般来说这
个抗体至少说明你曾经感染过乙肝。不过从你hepatitis B surface antigen阴性来看
，而且你又打过疫苗，你很可能已经有保护性抗体hepatitis B surface antibody了，
所以你应该没事的，你的宝宝也没事。 |
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c*******u
发帖数: 12899 | 37 ☆─────────────────────────────────────☆
fsdf (fsdf) 于 (Thu Aug 16 15:21:41 2012, 美东) 提到:
看到版上讨论，想问一下到底什么叫乙肝，什么是传染性的。
我一个朋友是hbs antigen 阴性， 但是hbs－antibody 阳性，但是她喂奶喂到小孩一
岁。这是ok的吗？
（朋友医生说她得过，好了所以才有抗体。 她都不知道。 这种母乳有危险吗？）
☆─────────────────────────────────────☆
bravesonny (烦啊) 于 (Thu Aug 16 15:30:08 2012, 美东) 提到:
antibody阳性表示有抗体，免疫的，不是乙肝
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Hedwig (暗夜精灵) 于 (Thu Aug 16 15:49:37 2012, 美东) 提到:
基本生物知识不行啊~
乙肝病毒携带是抗原antigen阳性，抗体antibody阳性是好事儿，北美生的bb打乙肝疫
苗... 阅读全帖 |
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T**7
发帖数: 264 | 38 请发给我：
你的
（1）简短的PUBLICATION LIST
不超过5篇文章
（2）你的名字
（3）学位
（4）EMAIL地址
谢谢
entitled "Serum soluble CD30 - a marker of airways inflammation in multiple-
trigger wheezers?"
Article Type: Original Article
Background: Imbalance in activation of T-helper cell types 1 (Th1) and 2 (
Th2) may have a link with the development of asthma. Objective: To evaluate
the role of serum soluble markers of Th1- and Th2-lymphocyte activation with
regard to lung function, inflammatory markers, and therapy response in 90
pre... 阅读全帖 |
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n***s
发帖数: 10056 | 39
然后10年前测HepB antibody写的我是Positive
chicken pox勾了说我得过
Ha. bad doctor. Need to check antigen to decide. If antigen is also positive
, then 得过.
如果知道10年前的HepB是positive，会不会被Xray
The two are not related. |
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t*****r
发帖数: 543 | 40 在USCIS给出的CDC的链接页面上的
http://www.cdc.gov/immigrantrefugeehealth/exams/ti/civil/vaccin
Vaccination Requirements for Adjustment of Status Applicants
All adjustment of status applicants must be assessed for vaccination
requirements (Table). The civil surgeon must review all vaccination records
presented by the applicant during this process and record the vaccination
assessment results on Form I-693, Vaccination Record.
The required vaccines based on the applicant's age at the time of the
medical eval... 阅读全帖 |
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m*******e
发帖数: 1280 | 41 Actually, it's not your immune system becoming worse.
There is a mechanism called Immune Suppression. The basic idea is that your
immune system consider certain foreign stuff not dangerous, so the immune
responses are "repressed". This suppression needs constant exposure to the
antigens (the foreign stuff) to tell the immune cells to keep these "
memories".
We used to be exposed to many more antigens, the foregin stuff, back in
China.
So we didn't have reaction to them before.
Here there are gen |
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w****a
发帖数: 2049 | 42 俺问过医生呀 说最好打完第三针疫苗（最早6个月才打完），然后等3个月，到9个月的
时候查血，看抗体情况。 乙肝病人接触小孩子还是要注意。
即使打过疫苗的大人，如果身体比较弱，在接触过强传染性乙肝病人后，可以转成
core antibody 和 e antibody positive，while surface antibody still positive
and surface antigen still negative (and e antigen negative).
这个就看家长愿意take chance不了。 我家原来有个很好的朋友，乙肝转肝硬化肝癌，
30岁就去世了，大出血。 所以我对这个非常在意。 可能over react 了，但是俺改不
了乐。 个人经历决定的。
生吧 |
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T******g
发帖数: 21328 | 43 最新过敏假说，就是生活环境太干净TH-1不活跃，造成TH-2过度兴奋。看样子真的要投
入到野外运动的洪流中去。。。
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allergy
Hygiene hypothesis
Allergic diseases are caused by inappropriate immunological responses to
harmless antigens driven by a TH2-mediated immune response. Many bacteria
and viruses elicit a TH1-mediated immune response, which down-regulates TH2
responses. The first proposed mechanism of action of the hygiene hypothesis
stated that insufficient stimulation of the TH1 arm of the immune system
lead to an ove... 阅读全帖 |
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e****i
发帖数: 2152 | 44
HBV can be transmitted between family members within households, possibly by
contact of nonintact skin or mucous membrane with secretions or saliva
containing HBV
可以通过血液和mucous传染的.
A study was conducted in an area of hepatitis B hyperendemicity to determin
whether contact with infective bodily secretions or contaminated
environmental surfaces could be involved in the transmission of the
hepatitis B virus. Hepatitis B surface antigen was detected in gingival swab
, saliva, and impetiginous lesio... 阅读全帖 |
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b********o
发帖数: 1241 | 45 理解你的心情，强烈安慰。我老公也向我隐瞒过婆婆有乙肝，还不用公筷。不过有娃了
以后，他还是说了，还是更爱娃。我知道以后，对他从不提醒我也很难过。
这些抱怨话不说了，我单从技术层面说说。
我也去查血检查过，结果和你一模一样。解读就是感染过，已经恢复。但我不放心.我
查到核心抗体包括igm (如果有病毒复制或者新近感染会是阳性)和 igg(只要曾经感染
过就为阳性)。所以我又要求医生给我抽血查了igm,它如果病毒复制就是阳性，所幸我
的为阴性。之后我又查了Pcr 就是DNA检测，看血里的hep b viral load.结果是non
detectable(低于100个copy的情况仪器检测不出。)
结果出来后，我分别咨询了family doctor, ob, and a GI specialist.他们一致的观
点是，我这种情况，孩子出生不用打阻断蛋白，只打常规乙肝疫苗即可。ob说他们通常
只看antigen的结果，两个antigens为阴性就无传染性，不过我的igm和pcr 结果更是排
除了极少的可能传染的情况。
所以，建议你也查查igm and pcr dna test. 如果你结果和... 阅读全帖 |
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A***l
发帖数: 302 | 46 The principle of vaccine is based on two key elements of adaptive immunity,
namely specificity and memory(1,2,3).
Memory cells allow the immune system to mount to a much stronger response on
a second encounter with antigen. This secondary response is both faster
to appear and more effective than the primary response. The aim of the
vaccine is to alter a pathogen or its toxins in such a way that they
become innocuous without losing antigenicity. This is possible because
both B cells and T cells |
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A***l
发帖数: 302 | 47 1. Identification of antigenic determinant peptides and synthetic peptide
combinatorial libraries
Since peptide vaccines must contain B-cell/T-cell recognized epitopes, it is
crucial to identify them. So far several methods have been used to identify
such epitopes. If the amino acid sequence of a protein antigen is known,
overlapping peptides can be synthesized and screened as targets for B cells,
MHC class I molecules/CTL cells (typically 8-10 amino acids) and MHC II
molecules/helper T cells (t |
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r****o
发帖数: 105 | 48
No, no, the problem is that the peptide you use for antigen should be
on the surface of the protein. Otherwise, your antibody is not gonna work
cause the antigen is buried inside. So knowing the general structure topology
of the protein is important. But I doubt there is a good way to predict
structure since the protein's function is unknown. If this protein has
some homologues, you can compare the different proteins and find conserved
sequences. Because conserved residues may be i |
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J**n
发帖数: 1224 | 49 That's not surprising at all. I will be very surprised if it was the
other way around.
Monoclonal antibody is against one specific epitype of antigen. If
it works, it works. If not (for example, under immunohistochemistry
conditions, methanol, paraglutahyde...), it won't. Polyclonal antibody
is against a great variety epitype of the antigens. Some clones of
antibody might only work for western, the others might work for immunohist,
some might work for flow, eta. Very few monoclonal antibodies ca |
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