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发帖数: 1565 | 1 觉得这篇问答写的不错，regarding CRF， phosphate level and raw feeding :
以下文字转载自
http://feline-nutrition.org/answers/answers-kidney-disease-phos
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I have a cat with kidney disease and I have heard that reducing phosphorus
intake is important for cats with kidney problems. Is it safe to feed a cat
with chronic kidney disease a raw meat diet? Doesn't it have too much
phosphorus? My cat hates the prescription diet and I am looking for an
alternative for him.
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Dietary management is important for cats with kidney disease, and there are
three main aspects to this. Number one is water intake. Cats with chronic
kidney disease are more likely to become dehydrated due to the reduced
ability of the kidneys to conserve water by concentrating urine. Maintaining
a good fluid intake is very important, and as cats generally gain much of
their water from their food, cats with chronic renal disease should,
whenever possible, be fed wet foods rather than dry, grain-based foods.
Number two is protein content. An ideal diet for a cat with renal disease
should have a highly digestible, bio-appropriate protein content, such as
rabbit and poultry. Many of the toxic products that accumulate in the blood
in renal failure are a result of protein breakdown. Clinically we find that
our raw fed renal cats do well on highly digestible proteins like rabbit,
chicken, hare and possum. Too little protein in the diet can lead to
excessive weight loss that can be extremely detrimental to a cat's general
health. Cats find low protein diets less palatable and often moving a cat to
a raw, high quality protein diet from a renal prescription diet leads to
improved appetite.
Number three is low phosphate content. Phosphorous is a mineral essential to
good health. The healthy body is good at regulating phosphorous levels by
removing excess phosphorous via the kidneys. The kidneys of a CKD cat can
no longer excrete excess phosphorous. The majority of CKD cats will
eventually have high levels of phosphorous in their blood, called
hyperphosphataemia. Hyperphosphataemia can present as a lack of appetite,
lack of co-ordination, weakness and twitching. Often the head is held down
as though the cat is too weak to hold his head up.
Restricting the phosphate content of the diet appears to be quite beneficial
in protecting the kidneys from further damage in cats with chronic renal
failure. Phosphate can be restricted by removing high phosphate foods from
the diet and using a phosphate binder if the blood phosphate concentrations
are high despite being on a lowered phosphate diet.
High phosphate foods are hard to define for an obligate carnivore. Meat is
seen as being high in phosphorous, but again, this is not high for an
obligate carnivore, but challenging for an obligate carnivore in renal
failure. We opt to feed raw meaty bones with the bone ground in to the mix.
The ground-in bone helps to balance the phosphorous levels as what really
matters is the calcium:phosphorous ratio. We find that our CKD cats do very
well on a raw meat diet, as the diet supplies calcium and phosphorous in
perfect combination. We add phosphate binders if we find their blood
phosphate levels are creeping up. Phosphate binders should be used under
instruction from your veterinary surgeon.
Prescription Renal Diets are generally formulated as follows:
Reduced levels of protein, reduced phosphorous, reduced sodium, increased
levels of omega-3 fatty acids, increased levels of B-vits, and added
antioxidants. Debate has raged over the reduced levels of protein for an
obligate carnivore and as a raw feeding practice we have always opted for
high quality, easily digested protein over reducing protein levels. This is
achieved using bio-appropriate protein sources, e.g. rabbit, hare, poultry,
rather than plant based proteins or proteins that are challenging to digest,
such as chicken meal, fish meal or corn gluten meal.¹
Recognising that raw meat diets are not high in protein is important. They
are appropriate protein levels for an obligate carnivore. No studies have
conclusively demonstrated that severe restriction of protein alone will
prevent worsening of renal failure. All of the studies have restricted the
protein and lowered the phosphorous levels and restricted salt.² It is
now thought that lowering of the serum phosphate concentration is much more
important in management of renal failure in cats, due to their nature as
obligate carnivores and their high requirement for protein. The renal diets
studied have also all been supplemented with potassium, B-vitamins and omega
-3 fatty acids.³
So, how do we achieve this with a raw diet? Interestingly enough, our
standard raw meat diet is almost perfect for cats in renal failure. Highly
digestible, good quality protein with lots of natural essential fatty acids
from wild caught prey. High in B-vitamins due to the organs in the diet and
low phosphate levels due to the raw meaty bones being naturally low in
phosphates compared to a cereal based diet. If you are feeding farmed meats,
then it may be a good idea to add some omega-3 supplements, as farmed meat
is lower in this essential fatty acid.
A raw meat diet is ideal for any cat and fits the requirements of an
obligate carnivore. If we consider the majority of cats are in a state of
chronic dehydration due to dry commercial diets, it is not surprising that
older cats have a tendency to renal failure. Getting these renal cats onto a
high moisture content raw diet can be a real turning point for them. |
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