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发帖数: 8397 | 1 a good read
http://venturebeat.com/2010/11/22/smart-cities-smart-trucks/
Right now, six companies are vying to win a contract that would provide
100 electric vehicles to the government’s General Administration
services 214,000-strong fleet. One of them is Ford; the other, a
relative newcomer called Smith Electric. But the government isn’t
looking for electric sedans to chauffeur VIPs or parade around at White
House events — rather, it wants electric versions of the humble, plain
old delivery truck.
With all the electric cars poised for release in the coming months, it’s
easy to think of 2011 as the year these cars hit the road en masse. But
in fact, there’s already electric vehicles trucking about – electric
trucks to be exact, and they’ve already been put to use by companies
like Coca-Cola and FedEx.
Commercial vehicles like delivery trucks, buses and vans are a good
target for cutting fuel costs and are already making a dent in President
Obama’s goal of 1 million electric vehicles on U.S. roads by 2015.
Precise numbers are hard to pin down, but they use a “tremendous” amount
of fuel in the U.S., said David Hurst, analyst at Pike Research. For
corporations, that fuel expense is a bottom-line cost they’d like to
control like any other. And there are other inherent characteristics of
the market that grease the wheels for quicker adoption.
Right now, most electric cars have about a 100-mile range, worrisome for
the average American who has a 30-minute commute and wants to run a few
errands on his way home. But the beauty of electrifying a delivery truck
is that there’s a set route, and trucks will almost always charge at
home base — unlike with consumer cars, where startups and utilities are
scrambling to build out charging stations along freeways and in parking
lots.
“The performance, infrastructure and availability issues that plague
electric car and light-truck models don’t cross over to their commercial
counterparts,” said Bryan Hansel, CEO of Smith Electric, which makes
all-electric commercial vehicles like trucks. He estimated that most
urban-based commercial trucks have a daily route of 30 miles or less.
Smith is delivering 176 battery-powered delivery trucks to Frito-Lay,
and the snacking giant estimates it will save half a million gallons of
gasoline a year by electrifying its massive North American fleet. But
like the commercial electric vehicle market, there’s a backlog for
electric trucks too. Hansel says its trucks are back-ordered until the
second quarter of next year.
Still, interested buyers of electric trucks have the same qualms as
those looking to buy a Nissan Leaf or Chevy Volt. Prospective customers
always ask about range and battery life, says Mark Aubry, Navistar’s
head of sales for the company’s eStar electric truck. Navistar has
pledged to deliver 400 electric trucks this year.
Delivery trucks are ideal. The cars have one point of origin, with
“city-style routes, lots of starts and stops, and [they] don’t use the
freeway.
“That’s really the best possible customer that’s out there,” Aubry said.
Navistar recently delivered four electric trucks to FedEx. And last
month UPS ordered 130 hybrid delivery trucks produced by Eaton, adding
to its fleet of 250 hybrids and estimating the purchase will save 66,000
gallons of gas a year.
As in the consumer market, demand will likely outpace supply in electric
trucks for some time to come. While businesses can make a sustainability
statement with the trucks, Pike analyst Hurst says that right now, it
takes a few years for a buyer to see a cost benefit.
“In fact, it’s a cost penalty right now. With the battery, everything is
still more expensive and fuel is still cheap,” Hurst said. “But fuel
costs aren’t going to go down, whereas battery costs and cost of these
trucks will start to come down.”
Smith CEO Hansel says the company’s customers can expect a return on
investment from fuel and maintenance savings in three to four years,
though Hurst estimates the industry’s ROI is closer to 5 to 10 years.
The federal government offers a $12,000 purchase incentive for trucks
and buses, similar to the $7,500 tax credit offered for consumer
electric cars.
The segment is rife with competition and varied approaches. Electric
Vehicles International makes an electric yard truck, which essentially
moves containers around a port. Ford itself is getting into the game,
with an electric commercial fleet van called the Transit Connect, which
was developed with technology by Azure Dynamics. It’s also working with
Eaton to develop hybrid medium-sized trucks – and Eaton itself makes
diesel hybrid school buses and trucks. And last summer, Proterra sold
three electric buses to a transit agency in California.
Glacier Bay approaches the trucking emissions problem from another
angle. It estimates that idling trucks — those 18-wheelers you see at
rest stops — waste up to 2,000 gallons of gas a year. The trucks idle
when drivers pull over to sleep but leave on the air conditioner or
heater. The company’s ClimaCab fix attaches something like a thermostat
in the car which senses and automatically adjusts the temperature,
drawing from a retrofited battery — which then gets charged back up when
the car is driven the next day. Customers can save $4,000 to $5,000 a
year, CEO Derek Kaufman said.
Fuel-cell startup Oorja also set it sights on the commercial market from
the get-go, CEO Sanjiv Malhotra said. It makes packs that can replace
batteries in battery-powered forklifts use in distribution centers and
can provide payback on investment within the first 12 to 18 months of
use, Malhotra said. Oorja has signed up buyers in Nissan, McDonalds and
U.S. Foods.
Part of the issue with adoption for commercial owners is cost, since the
trucks are still priced higher than their diesel-powered counterparts.
Navistar’s Aubry says the company is looking solve that by offering
leases and separating ownership of the battery from ownership of the car
— that way businesses can equate the battery cost to fuel costs in their
balance books.
It’s a similar thing to what charging infrastructure startup Better
Place does with battery leasing agreements. The company also has some
experience dealing with fleet, having run an electric taxis pilot in
Tokyo and ramping up to institute a similar program in San Francisco.
The last step to electrifying fleets of trucks, says Better Place’s head
of North America Jason Wolf, is instituting software programs that can
gather data and intelligently manage itineraries and charging needs of
several cars.
“If you’ve got a very smart network and smart cars, there’s no issue
there,” said Wolf. “The car will know where it needs to go.”
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