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Dialectic or dialectics (Greek: 未喂伪位蔚魏蟿喂魏萎, dialektik岣, also
known as the dialectical method, is a discourse between two or more people
holding different points of view about a subject but wishing to establish
the truth through reasoned arguments.
The term dialectic is not synonymous with the term debate. While in theory
debaters are not necessarily emotionally invested in their point of view, in
practice debaters frequently display an emotional commitment that may cloud
rational judgment. Debates are won through a combination of persuading the
opponent, proving one's argument correct, and proving the opponent's
argument incorrect. Debates do not necessarily require promptly identifying
a clear winner or loser; however, clear winners are frequently determined by
a judge, a jury or group consensus. The term dialectics is also not
synonymous with the term rhetoric, a method or art of discourse that seeks
to persuade, inform, or motivate an audience.[1] Concepts, like "logos" or
rational appeal, "pathos" or emotional appeal, and "ethos" or ethical appeal
, are intentionally used by rhetoricians to persuade an audience.[2]
Socrates favoured truth as the highest value, proposing that it could be
discovered through reason and logic in discussion: ergo, dialectic. Socrates
valued rationality (appealing to logic, not emotion) as the proper means
for persuasion, the discovery of truth, and the determinant for one's
actions. To Socrates, truth, not aret膿 (moral virtue), was the greater good
, and each person should, above all else, seek truth to guide one's life.
Therefore, Socrates opposed the Sophists and their teaching of rhetoric as
art and as emotional oratory requiring neither logic nor proof.[3] Different
forms of dialectical reasoning have emerged throughout history from the
Indosphere (Greater India) and the West (Europe). These forms include the
Socratic method, Hindu, Buddhist, Medieval, Hegelian dialectics, Marxist,
Talmudic, and Neo-orthodoxy. | o***o
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