b******3
发帖数: 4385 | 1 113th CONGRESS
1st Session
S. RES. 167
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
June 10, 2013
Mr. Menendez (for himself, Mr. Rubio, Mr. Cardin, Mr. Corker, Mr. Donnelly,
and Mr. Murphy) submitted the following resolution; which was referred to
the Committee on Foreign Relations
June 25, 2013
Reported by Mr. Menendez, without amendment
July 29, 2013
Considered and agreed to with an amended preamble
RESOLUTION
Reaffirming the strong support of the United States for the peaceful
resolution of territorial, sovereignty, and jurisdictional disputes in the
Asia-Pacific maritime domains.
Whereas the maritime domain of the Asia-Pacific region includes critical sea
lines of communication and commerce between the Pacific and Indian oceans;
Whereas the United States has a national interest in freedom of navigation
and overflight in the Asia-Pacific maritime domains, as provided for by
universally recognized principles of international law;
Whereas the United States has a national interest in the maintenance of
peace and stability, open access by all to maritime domains, respect for
universally recognized principles of international law, prosperity and
economic growth, and unimpeded lawful commerce;
Whereas although the United States does not take a position on competing
territorial claims over land features and maritime boundaries, it does have
a strong and long-standing interest in the manner in which disputes in the
South China Sea are addressed and in the conduct of the parties;
Whereas the United States has a clear interest in encouraging and supporting
the nations of the region to work collaboratively and diplomatically to
resolve disputes without coercion, without intimidation, without threats,
and without the use of force;
Whereas the South China Sea contains great natural resources, and their
stewardship and responsible use offers immense potential benefit for
generations to come;
Whereas in recent years, there have been numerous dangerous and
destabilizing incidents in this region, including Chinese vessels cutting
the seismic survey cables of a Vietnamese oil exploration ship in May 2011;
Chinese vessels barricading the entrance to the Scarborough Reef lagoon in
April 2012; China issuing an official map that newly defines the contested
nine-dash line as China's national border; and, since May 8, 2013, Chinese
naval and marine surveillance ships maintaining a regular presence in waters
around the Second Thomas Shoal, located approximately 105 nautical miles
northwest of the Philippine island of Palawan;
Whereas the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) has promoted
multilateral talks on disputed areas without settling the issue of
sovereignty, and in 2002 joined with China in signing a Declaration on the
Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea that committed all parties to
those territorial disputes to "reaffirm their respect for and commitment to
the freedom of navigation in and over flight above the South China Sea as
provided for by the universally recognized principles of international law"
and to "resolve their territorial and jurisdictional disputes by peaceful
means, without resorting to the threat or use of force";
Whereas Japan and Taiwan reached an agreement on April 10, 2013, to jointly
share and administer the fishing resources in their overlapping claimed
exclusive economic zones in the East China Sea, an important breakthrough
after 17 years of negotiations and a model for other such agreements;
Whereas other incidences of the joint administrations of resources in
disputed waters in the South China Sea have de-escalated tensions and
promoted economic development, such as Malaysia and Brunei’s 2009 agreement
to partner on exploring offshore Brunei waters, with drilling in offshore
oil and gas fields off Brunei beginning in 2011; and Thailand and Vietnam's
agreement to jointly develop areas of the Gulf of Thailand for gas exports,
despite ongoing territorial disputes;
Whereas, on June 21, 2013, the Governments of the People's Republic of China
and Vietnam announced that they had agreed to set up and use an emergency
fishery hotline to inform each other of any detainment involving fishermen
or boats within 48 hours, to help quickly resolve disputes and as part of
efforts to prevent future incidents from derailing ties, and the Governments
of the People's Republic of China and Indonesia on May 2, 2013, agreed to
establish a hotline for incidents in their disputed waters;
Whereas the Government of the Republic of the Philippines states that it "
has exhausted almost all political and diplomatic avenues for a peaceful
negotiated settlement of its maritime dispute with China" and in his
statement of January 23, 2013, Republic of Philippines Secretary of Foreign
Affairs Del Rosario stated that therefore "the Philippines has taken the
step of bringing China before the Arbitral Tribunal under Article 287 and
Annex VII of the 1982 Convention on the Law of the Sea in order to achieve a
peaceful and durable solution to the dispute";
Whereas, in January 2013, a Chinese naval ship allegedly fixed its weapons-
targeting radar on Japanese vessels in the vicinity of the Senkaku islands,
and, on April 23, 2013, eight Chinese marine surveillance ships entered the
12-nautical-mile territorial zone off the Senkaku Islands, further
escalating regional tensions;
Whereas, on May 8, 2013, the Chinese Communist Party’s main newspaper, The
People’s Daily, published an article by several Chinese scholars
questioning Japan’s sovereignty over Okinawa, where key United States
military installations are located which contribute to preserving security
and stability in the Asia-Pacific region;
Whereas the Government of the People’s Republic of China has recently taken
other unilateral steps, including improperly drawing baselines around the
Senkaku Islands in September 2102, which the 2013 Annual Report to Congress
on Military and Security Developments Involving the People’s Republic of
China found to be “inconsistent with international law”, and maintaining a
continuous military and paramilitary presence around the Senkaku Islands;
Whereas, on April 27, 2013, Chinese Foreign Ministry spokeswoman, Hua
Chunying, was quoted as saying, "The Diaoyu Islands are about sovereignty
and territorial integrity. Of course it’s China’s core interest.";
Whereas although the United States does not take a position on the ultimate
sovereignty of the Senkaku Islands, the United States Government
acknowledges that they are under the administration of Japan and opposes any
unilateral actions that would seek to undermine such administration,
affirms that the unilateral actions of a third party will not affect the
United States acknowledgment of the administration of Japan over the Senkaku
Islands, remains committed under the Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and
Security to respond to any armed attack in the territories under the
administration of Japan, and has urged all parties to take steps to prevent
incidents and manage disagreements through peaceful means;
Whereas, on August 3, 2012, a Department of State spokesperson expressed
concern over "China’s upgrading of the administrative level of Sansha City
and the establishment of a new military garrison there," encouraged ASEAN
and China "to make meaningful progress toward finalizing a comprehensive
Code of Conduct," and called upon claimants to "explore every diplomatic or
other peaceful avenue for resolution, including the use of arbitration or
other international legal mechanisms as needed";
Whereas the United States recognizes the importance of strong, cohesive, and
integrated regional institutions, including the East Asia Summit (EAS),
ASEAN, and the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) forum, as foundation
for effective regional frameworks to promote peace and security and
economic growth, including in the maritime domain, and to ensure that the
Asia-Pacific community develops rules-based regional norms which discourage
coercion and the use of force;
Whereas the United States welcomes the development of a peaceful and
prosperous China, the government of which respects international norms,
international laws, international institutions, and international rules;
enhances security and peace; and seeks to advance a new model of relations
between the United States and China;
Whereas ASEAN plays an important role, in partnership with others in the
regional and international community, in addressing maritime security issues
in the Asia-Pacific region and into the Indian Ocean, including open access
to the maritime domain of Asia;
Whereas ASEAN and China announced on June 30, 2013, that official
consultations on a Code of Conduct in the South China Sea will commence at
the 6th Senior Officials' Meeting and the 9th Joint Working Group on the
Implementation of the Declaration of Conduct of the Parties in the SCS, to
be held in China in September 2013; Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi
reaffirmed that China was willing to advance talks on a code of conduct as
part of a continual, gradual and deepening process; and Secretary of State
John F. Kerry, participating in the ASEAN Regional Forum Ministerial Meeting
on July 2, 2013, expressed the hope that announcement of official
consultations between ASEAN and China would be the beginning of sustained
and substantive official engagement between the two on developing the new
Code of Conduct; and
Whereas, from June 17–20, 2013, the 10 ASEAN members and their dialogue
partners Australia, China, India, Japan, New Zealand, Russia, South Korea,
and the United States jointly participated in the First ASEAN Defense
Ministers' Meeting Plus Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief (HADR)
and Military Medicine (MM) exercise, helping to establish a new pattern of
cooperation among the militaries of the Asia-Pacific: Now, therefore, be it
That the Senate—
(1)
condemns the use of coercion, threats, or force by naval, maritime security,
or fishing vessels and military or civilian aircraft in the South China Sea
and the East China Sea to assert disputed maritime or territorial claims or
alter the status quo;
(2)
strongly urges that all parties to maritime and territorial disputes in the
region exercise self-restraint in the conduct of activities that would
undermine stability or complicate or escalate disputes, including refraining
from inhabiting presently uninhabited islands, reefs, shoals, and other
features and handle their differences in a constructive manner;
(3)
reaffirms the strong support of the United States for the member states of
ASEAN and the Government of the People’s Republic of China as they seek to
develop a code of conduct of parties in the South China Sea, and urges all
countries to substantively support ASEAN in its efforts in this regard;
(4)
supports collaborative diplomatic processes by all claimants in the South
China Sea for resolving outstanding maritime or territorial disputes, in a
manner that maintains peace and security, adheres to international law, and
protects unimpeded lawful commerce as well as freedom of navigation and
overflight, and including through international arbitration, allowing
parties to peacefully settle claims and disputes using universally
recognized principles of international law;
(5)
encourages the deepening of efforts by the United States Government to
develop partnerships with other countries in the region for maritime domain
awareness and capacity building; and
(6)
supports the continuation of operations by the United States Armed Forces in
the Western Pacific, including in partnership with the armed forces of
other countries in the region, in support of freedom of navigation, the
maintenance of peace and stability, and respect for universally recognized
principles of international law, including the peaceful resolution of issues
of sovereignty and unimpeded lawful commerce. | b********n
发帖数: 38600 | 2 Congressional job approval rating is 13% and nobody gives a shit about their
decision. | m********5
发帖数: 17667 | 3 好，美国终于要出手收拾TG了
,
【在 b******3 的大作中提到】
: 113th CONGRESS
: 1st Session
: S. RES. 167
: IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
: June 10, 2013
: Mr. Menendez (for himself, Mr. Rubio, Mr. Cardin, Mr. Corker, Mr. Donnelly,
: and Mr. Murphy) submitted the following resolution; which was referred to
: the Committee on Foreign Relations
: June 25, 2013
: Reported by Mr. Menendez, without amendment
|
|
