c**i
发帖数: 6973 | 1 Wall Street Journal, June 18, 2011 (in the column Visualizer).
http://online.wsj.com/article/SB1000142405
2702304186404576387872639249168.html
(book review on Angus Hyland and Steven Bateman, Symbol. London: Laurence
King Publishing Ltd, 2011)
Note:
(a) Merrill Lynch
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merrill_Lynch
(The company was founded on January 6, 1914, when Charles E. Merrill opened
his Charles E. Merrill & Co. for business at 7 Wall Street in New York City.
A few months later, Merrill's friend, Edmund C. Lynch, joined him, and in
1915 the name was officially changed to Merrill, Lynch & Co. At that time,
the firm's name included a comma between Merrill and Lynch; logo caption:
Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith logo in use prior to the firm's 1974
rebranding that introduced the "bull" logo)
(b) Qantas
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qantas
(i) Quote: "Qantas Airways Limited is the flag carrier of Australia. The
name was originally "QANTAS", an acronym/initialism for 'Queensland and
Northern Territory Aerial Services'. Nicknamed 'The Flying Kangaroo', the
airline is based in Sydney, with its main hub at Sydney Airport. It is
Australia's largest airline, the oldest continuously operated airline in the
world and the second oldest in the world overall.
(ii) Northern Territory is the western neighbor of Queensland.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Territory
(c) Royal Dutch Shell
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Dutch_Shell
(sections 1.1 20th century and 2.2 Name and brand)
(i) Quote: "Royal Dutch Shell plc, commonly known as Shell, is a global oil
and gas company headquartered in The Hague, Netherlands and with its
registered office at the Shell Centre in London, United Kingdom. It is the
second-largest energy company and the fifth-largest company[3] in the world
according to Forbes Magazine list for 2011.
(ii) My comment:
* The WSJ article says color scheme red and yellow "dates
back to 1915," an account that is confirmed by Shell.
The History of Shell Logo.
http://www.shell.com/home/content/aboutshell/who_we_are/our_his
("In 1915, when the Shell Company of California first built service stations
, they had to compete against other companies. Bright colours were the
solution, but colours that would not offend the Californians. Because of the
state’s strong Spanish connections, the red and yellow of Spain were
chosen.")
* James, son of Zebedee
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James,_son_of_Zebedee
(sections 1 In the New Testament, and 2 Veneration)
(d) New York Public Library
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Public_Library
(a privately managed, nonprofit corporation with a public mission, operating
with both private and public financing; Established 1895:
(i) Quote:
"Although New York City already had plenty of libraries in the 19th century,
almost all of them were privately funded and many charged admission or
usage fees. Meanwhile, other American cities, notably Boston, had led the
way in providing public libraries that were open to the general masses * * *
Former Governor of New York and presidential candidate Samuel J. Tilden
felt that a library with city-wide reach was required, and upon his death in
1886, he bequeathed the bulk of his fortune—about $2.4 million—to '
establish and maintain a free library and reading room in the city of New
York.'
"Two famous stone lions guarding the entrance were sculpted by Edward Clark
Potter. They were originally named Leo Astor and Leo Lenox, in honor of the
library's founders. These names were transformed into Lady Astor and Lord
Lenox (although both lions are male). In the 1930s they were nicknamed "
Patience" and "Fortitude" by Mayor Fiorello La Guardia. He chose these names
because he felt that the citizens of New York would need to possess these
qualities to see themselves through the Great Depression. Patience is on the
south side (the left as one faces the main entrance) and Fortitude on the
north.
(ii) Boston Public library (BPL) is
* the first public library in America (established 1848);
* "the first library to allow its citizens to borrow books and materials, a
truly revolutionary concept at the time;"
* the first library to establish a branch system, opening an East Boston
branch in 1870
http://www.bpl.org/general/firsts.htm
(iii) However, book lending is ancient.
* library
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library
("In the West, the first public libraries were established under the Roman
Empire * * * The surviving records give only a few instances of lending
features"; section 1.4 Medieval Christian libraries)
* The Library Company: Founded by Franklin in 1731, in The Electric Benjamin
Franklin, undated.
http://www.ushistory.org/franklin/philadelphia/library.htm
(a private library at Philadelphia; "Members could borrow books freely; non-
members could also borrow books — if they put up a surety, something of
value that could be sold if the book was not returned.")
(e) English Bulldog is the unofficial mascot of United Kingdom as well as US
Marine Corps (USMC).
Marine Corps Mascot. USMC Heritage, undated.
http://www.usmcpress.com/heritage/marine_corps_mascot.htm
("During World War I many German reports had called the attacking Marines "
teufel-hunden," meaning Devil-Dogs. Teufel-hunden were the vicious, wild,
and ferocious mountain dogs of Bavarian folklore. Soon afterward a U.S.
Marine recruiting poster depicted a snarling English Bulldog wearing a
Marine Corps helmet. Because of the tenacity and demeanor of the breed, the
image took root with both the Marines and the public. The Marines soon
unofficially adopted the English Bulldog as their mascot.")
(f) netto
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netto
(Netto is Danish/Norwegian/Swedish/Dutch/German for "net" (the antonym of
gross). In most European languages the word "netto" refers to net worth or
net pay.)
(g) "Nicola Trussardi (1942-1999) was an Italian fashion designer and
entrepreneur." Wikipedia |
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