M*****y
发帖数: 2223 | 1 The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel
2012 was awarded jointly to Alvin E. Roth and Lloyd S. Shapley "for the
theory of stable allocations and the practice of market design" |
U*****e
发帖数: 2882 | 2 Shapley is known for his contribution to cooperative games. Roth is known
for applying the solution concepts of games in non-standard markets.
Their research is less well known to many, but is very deep and as well as
practical.
【在 M*****y 的大作中提到】
: The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel
: 2012 was awarded jointly to Alvin E. Roth and Lloyd S. Shapley "for the
: theory of stable allocations and the practice of market design"
|
D******n
发帖数: 2965 | 3 要不您老把他们的研究给大众普及一二？
【在 U*****e 的大作中提到】
: Shapley is known for his contribution to cooperative games. Roth is known
: for applying the solution concepts of games in non-standard markets.
: Their research is less well known to many, but is very deep and as well as
: practical.
|
w***i
发帖数: 175 | 4 Shapley is no.1 in game theory, as claimed by experts in this field. But a
few no.10-20's have got Nobel before him.
His contributions in order of importance:
1. Shapley value
2. core concept
3. shapley-shubik power index and associated in political issues
4. stable allocation, which gains the Nobel
5. NTU (non-transforable utility) theory
6. stochastic game, which originated the Markov decision theory
7. organization theory/market games/potential games/multiperson utility
The reasons he got the prize so late:
1. has only few students and few academic friends
2. worked in nonacademic for almost 30 years
3. poor in teaching and presentation; not know how to sell his ideas
4. seldomly attended conferences; probably never to AEA annual even though
he is a AEA fellow
5. semi-active in research for decades
6. not good at soclal
7. not a jewish |
D******n
发帖数: 2965 | 5 对理论最有价值的我看是1,2和4吧。
纳什均衡难道不是他先提出来的吗？
【在 w***i 的大作中提到】
: Shapley is no.1 in game theory, as claimed by experts in this field. But a
: few no.10-20's have got Nobel before him.
: His contributions in order of importance:
: 1. Shapley value
: 2. core concept
: 3. shapley-shubik power index and associated in political issues
: 4. stable allocation, which gains the Nobel
: 5. NTU (non-transforable utility) theory
: 6. stochastic game, which originated the Markov decision theory
: 7. organization theory/market games/potential games/multiperson utility
|
D*****a
发帖数: 2847 | 6 还好
这俩人都听过
【在 U*****e 的大作中提到】
: Shapley is known for his contribution to cooperative games. Roth is known
: for applying the solution concepts of games in non-standard markets.
: Their research is less well known to many, but is very deep and as well as
: practical.
|
w***i
发帖数: 175 | 7 其实第3条也很牛的：1954年首次提出组织中成员的权力分布（Shapley-Shubik power
index）；2003年又建立首个权力制衡方程；结果很深刻的。当然现在这些属于经济
学中的非主流，附和者不多。可用于政治制度与公司管理的设计与改革。
纳什均衡是 NASH 提出的。 在 A Beautiful Mind 书中， 可以看出 NASH 对 SHAPLEY
的嫉妒与亮瑜情节。该书名取自 Shapley 对 Nash 的评价: “He has a beautiful
mind."
在纳什与 SHAPLEY 的共同导师 TUCKER 看来，SHAPLEY 贡献更大： “Shapley was
second only to Von Neumann as the most important researcher in theory of
games so far.”
博弈论这行档中的 no.3 在其2005年的诺奖演说中说 “Shapley is the greatest
game theorist of all time." 老三这么一吆喝，Nash 就只能屈居 no.2, 虽然 Nash
在人民群众中的名声非常的大。 no.3 门下弟子众多，又有效的控制了宣传口（学会与
杂志）；这前几名座次就算这么定了。
今年诺奖的另一得主 A.E.Roth 在其1988年的著作中说“(Shapley) is the very
personification of game theory." Roth 是对 SHAPLEY 的思想研究得最透彻的人之
一；他曾编辑出版过一本叫 The Shapley Value 的著作。
Shapley 做过 Einstein 的助手，可能是由于他父亲与 Einstein 的朋友关系。
二战时，Shapley 在成都抗战二年，因为破译日本的（天气）密码而获勋章。其一子娶
媳台湾人
【在 D******n 的大作中提到】
: 对理论最有价值的我看是1,2和4吧。
: 纳什均衡难道不是他先提出来的吗？
|
D*****a
发帖数: 2847 | 8 科普一下吧！
另外，为啥变成非主流了呢？
index
【在 w***i 的大作中提到】
: 其实第3条也很牛的：1954年首次提出组织中成员的权力分布（Shapley-Shubik power
: index）；2003年又建立首个权力制衡方程；结果很深刻的。当然现在这些属于经济
: 学中的非主流，附和者不多。可用于政治制度与公司管理的设计与改革。
: 纳什均衡是 NASH 提出的。 在 A Beautiful Mind 书中， 可以看出 NASH 对 SHAPLEY
: 的嫉妒与亮瑜情节。该书名取自 Shapley 对 Nash 的评价: “He has a beautiful
: mind."
: 在纳什与 SHAPLEY 的共同导师 TUCKER 看来，SHAPLEY 贡献更大： “Shapley was
: second only to Von Neumann as the most important researcher in theory of
: games so far.”
: 博弈论这行档中的 no.3 在其2005年的诺奖演说中说 “Shapley is the greatest
|
BR
发帖数: 4151 | 9 讲讲他对bayesian approach 的critique?
【在 w***i 的大作中提到】
: Shapley is no.1 in game theory, as claimed by experts in this field. But a
: few no.10-20's have got Nobel before him.
: His contributions in order of importance:
: 1. Shapley value
: 2. core concept
: 3. shapley-shubik power index and associated in political issues
: 4. stable allocation, which gains the Nobel
: 5. NTU (non-transforable utility) theory
: 6. stochastic game, which originated the Markov decision theory
: 7. organization theory/market games/potential games/multiperson utility
|
D******n
发帖数: 2965 | 10 讲得很好，搬个小板凳，期待岛主讲座连载。
power
SHAPLEY
【在 w***i 的大作中提到】
: 其实第3条也很牛的：1954年首次提出组织中成员的权力分布（Shapley-Shubik power
: index）；2003年又建立首个权力制衡方程；结果很深刻的。当然现在这些属于经济
: 学中的非主流，附和者不多。可用于政治制度与公司管理的设计与改革。
: 纳什均衡是 NASH 提出的。 在 A Beautiful Mind 书中， 可以看出 NASH 对 SHAPLEY
: 的嫉妒与亮瑜情节。该书名取自 Shapley 对 Nash 的评价: “He has a beautiful
: mind."
: 在纳什与 SHAPLEY 的共同导师 TUCKER 看来，SHAPLEY 贡献更大： “Shapley was
: second only to Von Neumann as the most important researcher in theory of
: games so far.”
: 博弈论这行档中的 no.3 在其2005年的诺奖演说中说 “Shapley is the greatest
|
|
|
j*******o
发帖数: 34 | 11 GAME THEORY 中还剩啥可以获诺贝尔奖的？
stable allocations
------------------
2012 Alvin E. Roth, Lloyd S. Shapley
mechanism design
----------------
2007 Roger B. Myerson, Leonid Hurwicz, Eric S. Maskin
cooperative/repeated game
-------------------------
2005 Robert J. Aumann, Thomas C. Schelling
asymmetric information
----------------------
1996 James A. Mirrlees, William Vickrey
rational expectations
---------------------
1995 Robert E. Lucas Jr.
non-cooperative games
---------------------
1994 John C. Harsanyi, John F. Nash Jr., Reinhard Selten
equilibrium theory
------------------
1972 John R. Hicks, Kenneth J. Arrow
dynamic analysis
----------------
1970 Paul A. Samuelson |
D******n
发帖数: 2965 | 12 是看人的，不是看货。要看货，Myerson的东西完全可以再拿一个。
搞宏观的暂处下风啊。不过也是，十几年没什么新东西了。
【在 j*******o 的大作中提到】
: GAME THEORY 中还剩啥可以获诺贝尔奖的？
: stable allocations
: ------------------
: 2012 Alvin E. Roth, Lloyd S. Shapley
: mechanism design
: ----------------
: 2007 Roger B. Myerson, Leonid Hurwicz, Eric S. Maskin
: cooperative/repeated game
: -------------------------
: 2005 Robert J. Aumann, Thomas C. Schelling
|
j*******o
发帖数: 34 | |
D******n
发帖数: 2965 | 14 您老觉得第三条和cheap talk比，哪个更重要一些？
power
SHAPLEY
【在 w***i 的大作中提到】
: 其实第3条也很牛的：1954年首次提出组织中成员的权力分布（Shapley-Shubik power
: index）；2003年又建立首个权力制衡方程；结果很深刻的。当然现在这些属于经济
: 学中的非主流，附和者不多。可用于政治制度与公司管理的设计与改革。
: 纳什均衡是 NASH 提出的。 在 A Beautiful Mind 书中， 可以看出 NASH 对 SHAPLEY
: 的嫉妒与亮瑜情节。该书名取自 Shapley 对 Nash 的评价: “He has a beautiful
: mind."
: 在纳什与 SHAPLEY 的共同导师 TUCKER 看来，SHAPLEY 贡献更大： “Shapley was
: second only to Von Neumann as the most important researcher in theory of
: games so far.”
: 博弈论这行档中的 no.3 在其2005年的诺奖演说中说 “Shapley is the greatest
|
D*****a
发帖数: 2847 | 15 mark！
老三是Aumann？
power
SHAPLEY
【在 w***i 的大作中提到】
: 其实第3条也很牛的：1954年首次提出组织中成员的权力分布（Shapley-Shubik power
: index）；2003年又建立首个权力制衡方程；结果很深刻的。当然现在这些属于经济
: 学中的非主流，附和者不多。可用于政治制度与公司管理的设计与改革。
: 纳什均衡是 NASH 提出的。 在 A Beautiful Mind 书中， 可以看出 NASH 对 SHAPLEY
: 的嫉妒与亮瑜情节。该书名取自 Shapley 对 Nash 的评价: “He has a beautiful
: mind."
: 在纳什与 SHAPLEY 的共同导师 TUCKER 看来，SHAPLEY 贡献更大： “Shapley was
: second only to Von Neumann as the most important researcher in theory of
: games so far.”
: 博弈论这行档中的 no.3 在其2005年的诺奖演说中说 “Shapley is the greatest
|
w***i
发帖数: 175 | 16 西方人喜欢用“四大”.
The top 4 in this field were : "NASH"
"N" for Nash
"A" for Aumann
"S" for Shapley
"H" for Harsanyi
After Harsany died in 2000, no.4 moved up to no.3.
No one knows who is no.4 now. |
s*******n
发帖数: 740 | |
j*******o
发帖数: 34 | 18 纳什还是很牛的。
虽然是研究non-cooperative games，但他们的发明给后来的研究提供了工具。以后的
mechanism design，cooperative/repeated game，动力学等等都是扩展。 |
p**o
发帖数: 197 | 19 John Nash's contribution is obviously bigger than Shapley. Nash proved the
existence of an equilibrium in 1950. von Neumann and Morgenstern was not
able to prove the existence of an equilibrium in their 1944 book (the
publication of this book is viewed as the start of game theory even though
von neumman made some important contributions in the 1920s and 1930s). Von
Neumann solved the case when there are only two players. When there are
more than two players, they tried to decompose a multi-player game into a
two player game. Their approach did not work. Nash used a different
approach, fixed point theorem to prove the existence of an equilibrium.
Mathematically, this is trivial because it is just an application of a fixed
point theorem. In terms of applications, this is a huge breakthrough.
Nash's approach had influence on generations of economists, such as Arrow
and Debreu. If you read Debreu's book "The theory of value", Debreu
followed Nash in using a fixed point theorem to prove the existence of an
equilibrium. In terms of application, Nash's noncooperative game theory is
much more popular than Shapley's cooperative game theory.
【在 w***i 的大作中提到】
: Shapley is no.1 in game theory, as claimed by experts in this field. But a
: few no.10-20's have got Nobel before him.
: His contributions in order of importance:
: 1. Shapley value
: 2. core concept
: 3. shapley-shubik power index and associated in political issues
: 4. stable allocation, which gains the Nobel
: 5. NTU (non-transforable utility) theory
: 6. stochastic game, which originated the Markov decision theory
: 7. organization theory/market games/potential games/multiperson utility
|
p***c
发帖数: 2403 | 20 呵呵，纳什的贡献居然被说成了证明均衡的存在性。
他的真正贡献是给出了非零和博弈的一般博弈中均衡的定义
在他之前的所有人都没有真正想清楚这个该怎么定义
the
Von
fixed
【在 p**o 的大作中提到】
: John Nash's contribution is obviously bigger than Shapley. Nash proved the
: existence of an equilibrium in 1950. von Neumann and Morgenstern was not
: able to prove the existence of an equilibrium in their 1944 book (the
: publication of this book is viewed as the start of game theory even though
: von neumman made some important contributions in the 1920s and 1930s). Von
: Neumann solved the case when there are only two players. When there are
: more than two players, they tried to decompose a multi-player game into a
: two player game. Their approach did not work. Nash used a different
: approach, fixed point theorem to prove the existence of an equilibrium.
: Mathematically, this is trivial because it is just an application of a fixed
|
|
|
r******o
发帖数: 122 | 21 Arrow-Debreu 证明一般均衡存在性与 Nash 在博士论文初次证明 Nash eq. 存在性的
精神相同，但是时序未必如你所说的 Nash 先而 A-D 后，请问你从那些文献做出这样
的论断？毕竟 A-D 那一脉人马的数学功底也有能力独立搞出证明。
另外，Nash 在他老师 Tucker 的建议下，引用 Kakutani Thm. 发了篇一页论文，
那篇论文有 abstract, 定义 Nash eq., 给了一个证明，最后暗讽 von Neumann
几句，引了几篇文献，一页内完成那么多事，真是大牛风范。
the
Von
fixed
【在 p**o 的大作中提到】
: John Nash's contribution is obviously bigger than Shapley. Nash proved the
: existence of an equilibrium in 1950. von Neumann and Morgenstern was not
: able to prove the existence of an equilibrium in their 1944 book (the
: publication of this book is viewed as the start of game theory even though
: von neumman made some important contributions in the 1920s and 1930s). Von
: Neumann solved the case when there are only two players. When there are
: more than two players, they tried to decompose a multi-player game into a
: two player game. Their approach did not work. Nash used a different
: approach, fixed point theorem to prove the existence of an equilibrium.
: Mathematically, this is trivial because it is just an application of a fixed
|
j*******o
发帖数: 34 | 22 年中一个发言上，NASH拿MATHEMATICA推来推去一堆公式，没听懂。
有知道他如此高龄在研究什么呢？ |
U*****e
发帖数: 2882 | 23 存在性和均衡概念的扩展都是纳什重要的贡献；夏普利的贡献不广为人知但也是一样经
典。非要分出伯仲来，是否间接说明了眼光的局限？在众多的未知面前，每一点已知都
是那么渺小，但又那么宝贵。 |
D******n
发帖数: 2965 | 24 最后一句说得很好啊。
但在我看来，诺贝尔奖，就是让有些点变得很闪耀，转而让其他的点淡化得很渺小。某
种意义上，对许多做出重要贡献又没拿着奖的人，非常不公平。这种创造人为垄断的产
品，不知道为什么会在一个研究社会福利的学科里大受追捧，实在是匪夷所思。
【在 U*****e 的大作中提到】
: 存在性和均衡概念的扩展都是纳什重要的贡献；夏普利的贡献不广为人知但也是一样经
: 典。非要分出伯仲来，是否间接说明了眼光的局限？在众多的未知面前，每一点已知都
: 是那么渺小，但又那么宝贵。
|
U*****e
发帖数: 2882 | 25 I think it is about competition among academics for public's attention. To
gain more attention, you have to create contrast. To create contrast, you
create some super stars and sacrifice others. LOL.
【在 D******n 的大作中提到】
: 最后一句说得很好啊。
: 但在我看来，诺贝尔奖，就是让有些点变得很闪耀，转而让其他的点淡化得很渺小。某
: 种意义上，对许多做出重要贡献又没拿着奖的人，非常不公平。这种创造人为垄断的产
: 品，不知道为什么会在一个研究社会福利的学科里大受追捧，实在是匪夷所思。
|
D******n
发帖数: 2965 | 26 可能是吧。
但我总觉得经济学要生存，不能依赖噱头吸引眼球，而是确实能对政策分析起到帮助，
能对理解现实社会有所帮助。
【在 U*****e 的大作中提到】
: I think it is about competition among academics for public's attention. To
: gain more attention, you have to create contrast. To create contrast, you
: create some super stars and sacrifice others. LOL.
|
f******k
发帖数: 416 | 27 你也是经济学里出来的，怎么说话显得基本对学科现状一无所知呀
经济学都多显学了你知道么？你看看财政部美联储高官的出处和离职后的去处，除了街
上就是常青藤的经济学院
【在 D******n 的大作中提到】
: 可能是吧。
: 但我总觉得经济学要生存，不能依赖噱头吸引眼球，而是确实能对政策分析起到帮助，
: 能对理解现实社会有所帮助。
|
