c*********l
发帖数: 3438 | 1 【 以下文字转载自 Joke 讨论区 】
发信人: tedaxixun (特大喜讯), 信区: Joke
标 题: Sanskrit为什么叫作“梵语”，叫“三思颗粒”不是更好吗？
发信站: BBS 未名空间站 (Sun Jan 12 07:01:01 2014, 美东)
梵语和Sanskrit，有什么关系？
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanskrit |
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w***u
发帖数: 17713 | 3 也许梵文的梵不是从语言sanskrit过来，而是从神梵天brahma过来的？
[发表自未名空间手机版 - m.mitbbs.com] |
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l**a
发帖数: 5175 | 4 Wendy Doniger O'Flaherty (born November 20, 1940) is an American Indologist
whose professional career has spanned five decades. A scholar of Sanskrit
and Indian textual traditions, her major works include, Asceticism and
Eroticism in the Mythology of Siva (1973), Hindu Myths: A Sourcebook (
translated from Sanskrit, 1975), The Origins of Evil in Hindu Mythology (
1976); Women, Androgynes, and Other Mythical Beasts (1980), The Rig Veda: An
Anthology, 108 Hymns Translated from the Sanskrit (1981),... 阅读全帖 |
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S**U
发帖数: 7025 | 5 「经」是 Sūtra (Sanskrit: सूत्र, Pāli: sutta, Ardhamagadhi: sūya) 的意译，音译为「修多罗」。Literally it means a thread or line that holds things together and is derived from the verbal root siv-, meaning to sew. 所以中文指「经」线，取「贯穿」的意思。
In Brahmin lineage, each family is supposed to have one Gotra, and one Sutra, meaning that a certain Veda (Śruti) is treasured by this family in way of learning by heart.
这与四阿含分成多少「诵」，有比丘专门背诵类似。这些人被称为「持法者」，持指「忆持」。
One of the most famo... 阅读全帖 |
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Y**u
发帖数: 5466 | 6 ☆─────────────────────────────────────☆
cpath (秋十三) 于 (Tue Jul 26 06:16:27 2011, 美东) 提到:
任何初学者，凭什么认为某比丘或某法师说的是正确的佛法，真的佛法?
是因为他德高望重?
是因为他与你感情好，熟识?
是因为他的风格你喜欢?
是因为他说的与传统上听到的一样或差不多?
是因为他说的是劝人为善….之类的人间善法，不是害人的?
是因为他说的就是你想听的，你也认为如此?
………
都是没有依凭的。
葛拉马经? 照着修果然就……就要相信他?
他有某种你所不及的修为境界，或神通，你被震摄，就相信他说的是佛法?
他说可以通灵，你照着修，真的可以通灵，于是他说的就是真的佛法?
他说，照着修可以入禅定，于是你照着修，果然可以入禅定，
于是就相信他说的是佛法?
他说照着修可以死后生极乐世界，死后就真的会生极乐世界? 他说的就是真的佛法?
他说要普渡众生，很伟大，于是他说的就是真佛法?
他说这样可以成佛，于是你就照着做，果然成佛了? 这就是真佛法?
那谁照着做成佛了?
他说照着修可以灭除贪嗔痴，你照着修果然就... 阅读全帖 |
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S**U
发帖数: 7025 | 7 巴利《分别论·谛分别·经分别》译注
谢美霜 中华佛学研究所
提要
佛陀的一切教说中，「四谛说」是至为核心的教义。在统贯佛陀教说的佛教典籍——阿
毗达磨中，深通经义的祖师们如何疏解四谛，是非常值得研究的主题。本文选定巴利论
书《分别论》（Vibhaṅga）的第四品〈谛分别〉（Saccavibhaṅga）为译
注主体，主要基于两点理由∶一、南传论书的研究在国内仍处于摇篮阶段，有待研究者
的投入。二、《分别论》依十八个主题来论究法义，每个主题可独立探讨，四谛即为其
中的一个主题。目前国内虽已有《分别论》的汉译，唯系转译自日文《南传大藏经》，
文辞艰涩，又少附注说明，不对照巴利原本则难理解，有重加翻译的必要。因篇幅的限
制，本文的译注仅包括〈谛分别〉中的「经分别」。
初期佛教的圣典，包括了经（sutta）、律（vinaya）、论（abhidhamma）三藏。经藏
集结佛陀教说的要义，不同部派各有其编纂的经藏，现存且完整者有南传上座部（
Theravāda）五部《尼柯耶》（Nikāya）及北传汉译的四部《阿含经》。律
藏是出家教团之生活规则的集成。论藏... 阅读全帖 |
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Y**u
发帖数: 5466 | 8 ☆─────────────────────────────────────☆
TrueStory (不是幸福的坑不挖) 于 (Fri Oct 14 11:10:12 2011, 美东) 提到:
This talk is about the chemical, Dopamine, that people feel in ecstasy.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=axrywDP9Ii0
It makes people want, without even knowing what is to be wanted. It is a
major chemical that people show in infatuation or new relationships. The
speaker also mentions its similar effect in some people's religious
pursuit.
When this chemical fades, the rosy glasses fall, and then t... 阅读全帖 |
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o****2
发帖数: 241 | 9 刚看到有人发这个Bhargava的，去看了看他的wiki：
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manjul_Bhargava
去年拿的Fields Medal, 29岁Princeton tenured full prof （直接从postdoc）
虽然我不是数学界的，在我外行人眼中看，牛逼程度绝对比Yin要高一个档
学术成就就不多说了，好几个亮点，wiki上写得很清楚，Number theory好几个贡献
这里我想说一下的是他的Indian roots，此哥们儿是加拿大出生的CBI，
美国长大，却有IIT的教职（adjunct），然后对印度文化非常认真的学习与练习：
“Bhargava is also an accomplished tabla player, having studied under gurus
such as Zakir Hussain.[7] He also studied Sanskrit from his grandfather
Purushottam Lal Bhargava, a well-known scholar of San... 阅读全帖 |
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c**i
发帖数: 6973 | 10 (1) The first couple of Utah went to an Indian orphanage to adopt a baby girl
and rename her "Asha Bharati" (meaning "Hope of India") where in Hindi &#
2310;शा* (pronounced in English as "asha") is "hope" while "Bharat" is Sanskrit spelling of India. See
Names of India
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Names_of_India
("The Sanskrit word bhāratam[, the official Sanskrit name of the country]
is a vrddhi derivation of bharata, which was originally an epithet of Agni [
God of Fire]. The term |
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Y**u
发帖数: 5466 | 11 ☆─────────────────────────────────────☆
TrueStory (不是幸福的坑不挖) 于 (Wed Oct 26 15:21:06 2011, 美东) 提到:
It's easier said than done.
释永信：我的态度就像昔日寒山(文殊菩萨化身)问拾得(普贤菩萨化身)：世间谤我、欺
我、辱我、笑我、轻我、贱我、恶我、骗我，如何处治乎？拾得曰：只是忍他、让他、
由他、避他、耐他、敬他、不要理他，再待几年你且看他。
http://www.mitbbs.com/news_wenzhang/SportsNews/31198903.html
☆─────────────────────────────────────☆
taipingnan (泰平之南) 于 (Wed Oct 26 15:36:00 2011, 美东) 提到:
you got it.
it is even very hard to be not said.
☆─────────────────────────────────────☆
leonana ... 阅读全帖 |
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J******s
发帖数: 7538 | 12 What I adapted from wiki. :-)
Karma (Sanskrit, also karman, Pāli: Kamma) means "action" or "doing";
whatever one does, says, or thinks is a karma. In Buddhism, the term karma
is used specifically for those actions which spring from the intention (
Sanskrit: cetanā, Pali: cetana) of an unenlightened being.
These bring about a fruit (Sanskrit, Pali: phala) or result (S., P.: vipāka
; the two are often used together as vipākaphala), either within the
present life, or in the context of a future rebi... 阅读全帖 |
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Y**u
发帖数: 5466 | 13 ☆─────────────────────────────────────☆
TrueStory (不是幸福的坑不挖) 于 (Wed Nov 23 14:09:26 2011, 美东) 提到:
Carl Jung published a lot after this NDE, and this was one of his two major "creative" illnesses he experienced (suffered or blessed). The other one was the deep depression he experienced after his break-up with Freud (several of Freud's former disci
committed suicide after such break-ups.)
Update: I found a link with the same content, but perhaps it's easier to read than the pure text below:
h... 阅读全帖 |
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c**i
发帖数: 6973 | 14 (1)
(a) William Wan, China’s Anti-Smoking Activists Try a New Argument: That It
’s Bad for the Economy. Washington Post, June 26, 2011
http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia-pacific/chinas-anti-
smoking-activists-try-a-new-argument-that-its-bad-for-the-
economy/2011/06/22/AGR0UgmH_story.html?sub=AR
("A month later [after ban on public smoking], the ban has had little, if
any, effect. * * * The main reason so few take China’s campaign against
cigarettes seriously: The very government promising ... 阅读全帖 |
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N****y
发帖数: 45 | 15 不能这么比.汉藏语是和阿尔泰语对应的大语系.汉语族倒是可以
和突厥语族对应起来.其实如果不从语言上联系而只依照史书上的
记载,我们史书上说的突厥人跟现在的TURKS根本就是两个不对应的
概念,我们北魏隋唐史书上的突厥最初形成时,是个以阿史那氏为领导
(最狭义的突厥就是他们,但他们早就给灭了),以漠北丁零-铁勒为
主体的游牧民族群体,人种以蒙古种为主,语言文化也主要
是丁零-铁勒的语言文化(受些塞人的影响是可能的).而回纥则是铁
勒一支.回纥人风俗上也有搞狼崇拜,葬礼时以刀割面,"血泪俱下"什么的.
在后来的扩张及西迁的过程中又不断有其他游牧民族被突厥化.
后来出现在阿拉伯,波斯世界里的TURKS主要是大量的已被突厥
化的原塞人(这里广义指从中亚向西的草原上原各印欧语的游牧民族),
因此人种上以高加索人为主. 土耳其人也是属於后来被同化的TURKS
血统上他们多少杆子才打得着最初的突厥人谁也不知道.然而泛突的
基地在土耳其,所以他们的理论有一大部分都是要证明:突厥语和突厥文
化很早就在西方产生了,由游牧的吐火罗人(TURKIC)和塞卡人(TURKIC)带
到中亚,再向东带到蒙古草原的.至... 阅读全帖 |
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y***k
发帖数: 9459 | 16 【 以下文字转载自 Military 讨论区 】
发信人: yesok (ok博士), 信区: Military
标 题: 上一代人类已经掌握了反重力和星际航行的能力
发信站: BBS 未名空间站 (Wed Mar 30 23:44:53 2016, 美东)
反引力手册摘录
By D. Hatcher Childress
Many researchers into the UFO enigma tend to overlook a very important fact.
While it assumed that most
flying saucers are of alien, or perhaps Governmental Military origin,
another possible origin of UFOs is ancient
India and Atlantis.
许多研究员进入不明飞行物谜之内容易看出一个很重要的事实。虽然多数被假定是外星
人的飞碟，或也许
是政府的军事来源，不明飞行物的另外一个可能的来源是古印度和亚特兰提斯岛。
What we know ab... 阅读全帖 |
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c**i
发帖数: 6973 | 17 Robert D Kaplan, Obama Takes Asia by Sea; China, not on the itinerary, is
the realtarget of the trip. New York Times, Nov. 12, 2010 (title in the
print).
http://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/12/opinion/12kaplan.html?_r=1&scp=1&sq=kaplan%20india&st=cse
My comment:
(a) I started paying attention to Mr Kaplan the past January, when he wrote
about geopolitics of South Asia.
(b) diversionary (adj): "tending to draw attention away from the principal
concern : being a diversion" www.m-w.com
(c) The term "h... 阅读全帖 |
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y***k
发帖数: 9459 | 18 反引力手册摘录
By D. Hatcher Childress
Many researchers into the UFO enigma tend to overlook a very important fact.
While it assumed that most
flying saucers are of alien, or perhaps Governmental Military origin,
another possible origin of UFOs is ancient
India and Atlantis.
许多研究员进入不明飞行物谜之内容易看出一个很重要的事实。虽然多数被假定是外星
人的飞碟，或也许
是政府的军事来源，不明飞行物的另外一个可能的来源是古印度和亚特兰提斯岛。
What we know about ancient Indian flying vehicles comes from ancient Indian
sources; written texts that
have come down to us through the centuries... 阅读全帖 |
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f********4
发帖数: 2883 | 19 （再考证亚洲人历史上美的概念。Waterhouse先考证印度 “美” 一词的起源，认为没
有与西方的对应的美的意思：）
though, it happens that Sanskrit rasa, now usually translated "aesthetic
experience" or sometimes "beauty", literally refers - to the taste of food,
especially sap or the juice of fruit, (45) and so is curiously reminiscent
of our parable from Genesis.
虽然，这个现在被翻译为“美”或审美经验的印度词汇Sanskrit rasa碰巧文字上提到
果汁，所以还能使人想起我们的创世纪故事的比喻。
。。。
The truth of this becomes apparent when we move out of the Indo-European
sphere. The editors of a recent anthology |
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f********4
发帖数: 2883 | 20 （再考证亚洲人历史上美的概念。Waterhouse先考证印度 “美” 一词的起源，认为没
有与西方的对应的美的意思：）
though, it happens that Sanskrit rasa, now usually translated "aesthetic
experience" or sometimes "beauty", literally refers - to the taste of food,
especially sap or the juice of fruit, (45) and so is curiously reminiscent
of our parable from Genesis.
虽然，这个现在被翻译为“美”或审美经验的印度词汇Sanskrit rasa碰巧文字上提到
果汁，所以还能使人想起我们的创世纪故事的比喻。
。。。
The truth of this becomes apparent when we move out of the Indo-European
sphere. The editors of a recent anthology |
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c**i
发帖数: 6973 | 21 I thought about this and felt I was a bit too harsh on you.
Yes, what you said was garbage. Because there is no citation, and there was
no Chinese tehn and there is no Chinese now who can speak Sanskrit. The en.
wikipedia.org under "Sanskrit" shows only 15,000 who can speak the dead
language fluently.
On hte other hand, one day after you wrote the posting, BBC Chinese edition
(on Apr. 5, 2008) reported 中国“解锁”中英文维基百科网站. You might not
know it or you could not log on to the sites where you live in |
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c**i
发帖数: 6973 | 22 (1) For a while I suspected chooyu, the "LZ", made up yet another story.
Please note his or her internet proctocol (IP) addresses are untraceable (
for example, the original postings has two IP addresses:
来源: 76.184. and 修改: 66.228; both are "invalid" or "malware").
(2)
(a) S/he was right to say, "门票8块,停车随便，就在博物馆底下车场." Admission
to the museum for an adult is $8, which includes parking on site.
Fresh Flower Arrangement Brings Bring Spring to Meadows Museum. Southern
Methodist University (SMU), M... 阅读全帖 |
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y****e
发帖数: 1712 | 23 ☆─────────────────────────────────────☆
chooyu (卓奥友) 于 (Mon Oct 10 01:50:57 2011, 美东) 提到:
1916年11月的一个下午，一个叫做Charles Freer的老人正在他底特律的家中喝茶，家
中的装饰和陈设无一不暗示着这位老者丰厚殷实的家境和经世致用的品味，恰似《诗经
•卫风》中的“如琢如磨，瑟兮僴兮”。此时，他正面对着他刚买回来的两座近1
米高的石刻发呆，这两座石刻，前看非人非兽，侧看非仙非魔，老人若有所思地走来走
去，从各个角度对比着手中照片上他并未购买的另外两尊，那个卖家只告诉他这是公元
6世纪某时期的东亚石刻，和宗教有关，其他一概不知。从照片和他购入的两尊雕刻的
体积与雕像背后那齐齐的、近乎新鲜的一道道切割、敲凿痕迹看，Freer只能确定一点
，这些石刻不是一个孤立的艺术现象，而是刚刚被人为剥离于一个规模庞大、体系完整
、风格自成并拥有千年左右历史的大型石刻群。。。
（镜头一转，咔咔咔咔！）
整整九十五年后的一个下午，堵得结结实实密不透风的635车流中，有一辆车中的气氛比
... 阅读全帖 |
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g****d
发帖数: 3461 | 24 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_Sutra
This mantra, chanted throughout the Mahāyāna Buddhist world, appears in
transliterated Sanskrit even
in the Chinese version, as pronunciation of mantras is held to be important
if they are to function
properly. The mantra goes:
Sanskrit
Devanāgarī Romanization Pronunciation Translation
गते गते Gate gate
[gəteː gəteː] Gone, gone
पा |
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m*****i
发帖数: 2325 | 25 摘自wiki
The the 2001 census of India, 14,135 people reported Sanskrit as their
native language.[1] Since the 1990s, movements to spread spoken Sanskrit
have been increasing. |
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H********g
发帖数: 43926 | 26 Chandrasekhar or Chandra Shekhar is an Indian name and may refer to a number
of individuals. ... Etymologically, the name comes from the Sanskrit words
"चन्द्र (candra)", meaning "moon", and "
शेखर (śekhara)", meaning "crest" or "crown"
which is an epithet of Hindu god Shiva.
姓 弦月
Subramaniam, Subramanyam or Subramanian (Tamil: சுப்
பிரமணியம்; Telugu: &#
... 阅读全帖 |
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g****d
发帖数: 3461 | 27
T08
真的有误么？
原话的意思是
上面提到的梵文版，很有可能是跟据玄奘写的中文翻译而来的。
梵文不是原文，中文才是。
”Origin and early translations“
“However, based on textual patterns in the Sanskrit and Chinese versions of
the Heart Sutra and the Mahaprajnaparamita Sutra, scholar Jan Nattier has
suggested that the earliest (shortest) version of the Heart Sutra was
probably first composed in China in Chinese language, and later re-
translated into Sanskrit. She argues that the majority of the text was
redacted from the Larger Sutra on the Perfection |
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d******y
发帖数: 3668 | 28 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamond_Sutra
The original Sanskrit title of the Diamond Sutra is the Vajracchedikā-praj
nāpāramitā-sūtra. A fuller translation of the Sanskrit title would be
the Diamond Cutter Perfection of Wisdom Sutra. |
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S**U
发帖数: 7025 | 29 There are at least 2 ways:
1. Experiential: the experience of enlightenment can, and has been
reproduced over ages in different countries. When we compare these
experiences with what we thought the Buddha said, it confirms or put into
question our understanding.
2. Scholarly. Buddhist scriptures are recorded in two major languages: Pali
and Sanskrit, and translated into Chinese, Tibetan, English, etc. later.
Knowledge of Pali or Sanskrit will clarify what explanations are possible. e
.g. I somet... 阅读全帖 |
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S**U
发帖数: 7025 | 30 The earliest Buddhist teaching was transmitted orally, and written down at a
much later date. The earliest written record extant of the Buddha's
teaching was in Pali, about 400 years after his passing away. The Chinese
Agama Sutras was in Sanskrit, and roughly corresponds to Theravada Pali
Nikaya. Although there are differences between them, they are similar enough
. Mahayana sutras, mostly in Sanskrit and appeared at a much later date,
differ more from Agama and Nikaya.
Since there are minor di... 阅读全帖 |
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r****b
发帖数: 110 | 31 居士名叫蒋扬仁钦，曾在北印度辨經學院的十四年學習，並以甲級成績獲得“無別大教
授師”學位。
98年，聖嚴法師曾轉送哈达给他（见此论坛“汉藏佛教世纪对谈”）。
还俗后，為了藏漢經典翻譯、培育具素質譯經人才，在印度達蘭色拉正式成立譯經院，
主持教育及譯經僧俗二眾的培育工作。
2007年，應馬來西亞的主要六個佛教團體的首次聯合主辦邀請，前往馬華大廈三春禮堂
演講「密宗其實不神秘」及星洲日報總社禮堂演講「解答人生意義的密碼」。
2008年，正式入取哈佛文學院的印梵學系（Sanskrit and Indian Studies），並獲得
哈佛文學院所提供的全額獎學金。主要指導教授為連任五次印梵學系的系主任 - 范德
康教授（Leonard W.J. van der kuijp）。2011年，就讀的哈佛文學院梵印學系(The
Department of Sanskrit and Indian Studies) 將正式改名為南亞學系 (The
Department of South Asian Studies)
现在哈佛大学文學院南亞系博士班第五年。 |
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r****b
发帖数: 110 | 32 居士名叫蒋扬仁钦，曾在北印度辨經學院的十四年學習，並以甲級成績獲得“無別大教
授師”學位。
98年，聖嚴法師曾轉送哈达给他（见此论坛“汉藏佛教世纪对谈”）。
还俗后，為了藏漢經典翻譯、培育具素質譯經人才，在印度達蘭色拉正式成立譯經院，
主持教育及譯經僧俗二眾的培育工作。
2007年，應馬來西亞的主要六個佛教團體的首次聯合主辦邀請，前往馬華大廈三春禮堂
演講「密宗其實不神秘」及星洲日報總社禮堂演講「解答人生意義的密碼」。
2008年，正式入取哈佛文學院的印梵學系（Sanskrit and Indian Studies），並獲得
哈佛文學院所提供的全額獎學金。主要指導教授為連任五次印梵學系的系主任 - 范德
康教授（Leonard W.J. van der kuijp）。2011年，就讀的哈佛文學院梵印學系(The
Department of Sanskrit and Indian Studies) 將正式改名為南亞學系 (The
Department of South Asian Studies)
现在哈佛大学文學院南亞系博士班第五年。 |
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k****s
发帖数: 1209 | 33 Arhat (Sanskrit: अर्हत arhat; Pali: arahant)
In the Theravada tradition, and in early PTS publications, the word arahant
or arhat is interpreted to mean the "worthy one". This has been challenged
by more recent research, resulting from the etymological comparison of Pali
and early Jain Prakrit forms (arihanta and arahanta). The alternative
etymology is "foe-destroyer" or "vanquisher of enemies," which corresponds
to the Jain definition.
The enlightened Jain śra... 阅读全帖 |
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Y**u
发帖数: 5466 | 34 ☆─────────────────────────────────────☆
insight007 (insight007) 于 (Wed Oct 10 14:07:20 2012, 美东) 提到:
欢迎大家引用杂阿含和相应部讨论 ：）
☆─────────────────────────────────────☆
insight007 (insight007) 于 (Wed Oct 10 14:21:15 2012, 美东) 提到:
杂阿含经65：
佛陀指出禅观是如实观察：
”爾時，世尊告諸比丘：
「常當修習方便禪思，內寂其心，所以者何？
比丘！常當修習方便禪思，內寂其心，如實觀察。
云何如實觀察？“
那么如实观察的内容呢？
”此是色，此是色集，此是色滅；此是受……想……行……識，此是識集，此是識滅。
云何色集？受、想、行、識集？“
观察五阴的集与灭为如实观察，不是自己在静坐中自己想象，比如不净观，慈心观之类。
那么什么是五阴的集？
”愚癡無聞凡夫於苦、樂、不苦不樂受不如實觀察此受集，受滅，受味，受患，受離；
不如實觀察故，於受樂著生取，取緣有，有緣生，生緣老、... 阅读全帖 |
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r**m
发帖数: 1825 | 35 网上看到这个， 如果fonts有问题请看原link
http://www.udaya.dhamma.org/C_JCBSSL4Vipassana.html
[首頁/法的開示/烏巴慶內觀禪修之古老根源]
烏巴慶內觀禪修之古老根源*
Bhikkhu Anālayo
烏巴慶（U Ba Khin）所傳的內觀禪修已成為當今世上最廣為修行的內觀法之一。這要
特別感謝葛印卡的努力不懈，使烏巴慶的方法無論是在美國般的富裕社會或在印度的貧
困地區，都一樣是免費的佈施教導；而無論是在斯里蘭卡等上座部佛教國家或在杜拜、
伊朗的回教國家[1]，方法指導也都一樣。這種內觀禪修法也可以在東方及西方的監獄
裡學到，因為烏巴慶的方法甚至能感化殘酷罪犯，而這已獲得政府的認可。
這樣的成就說明了此方法有可能開展解脫洞見，然而我們對於這個禪修方法的根源卻所
知不多。烏巴慶（1899 - 1971）從烏鐵（U Thet 1873 - 1945）學得內觀禪修，而烏
鐵則是在著名的緬甸學問僧雷迪大師[2]（Ledi Sayadaw 1846 - 1923）的支持下開始
教授。除此 之外，緬甸方面似乎並無更多資料。雖然緬甸的記錄如... 阅读全帖 |
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c**r
发帖数: 2019 | 36 《中国的梵文研究》
周一良
(一)
我国自来称印度文为梵文。因为印度人相传，他们的文字是梵天（Brahma）所制（《西域
记》卷二）。但在印度本土，普通却不叫梵文。只有大史诗《Mahabharata》里，曾称梵
文为brahmi vac，意思是神圣的语言，仅仅当作一种别名或美称而已。那么，印度人称他
们的文字叫什么呢？他们称为Sanskrit。这字的原义有文饰、修整、精制一类的意思。顾
名思义，我们不由得想到中国的‘文言’。梵文在印度的地位，确和中国的文言文体很相
像。Sanskrit这字最早见于《梨俱吠陀》──印度最古的文献。这部书的文体就是一种古
梵文。吠陀是婆罗门教的圣典，同时也只有四种姓里最上层的婆罗门才有资格学习。大约
从很古的时期，梵文已经是上层种姓专有的语言了。以后注释吠陀的书，也都是用梵文。
到了西元前五世纪，波腻你（Panini）作了一部梵文文法，奠定了梵文文法的基础。直到
现在两千多年来，写梵文都要受《波腻你文法》的约束。也就是因为大家都遵守他的轨则
，两千多年来梵文竟没什么大变化。中国虽没有波腻你的文法，因为作文章的文要摹古，
于是乎无形之中文言和白话分了家。文言 |
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c**r
发帖数: 2019 | 37 2003-11-30 作者：赵洲 点击数 508
【梵语概说】
A Short Introduction to Sanskrit
梵语是古代印度的标准书面语。原是西北印度上流知识阶级的语言，相对于一般民间所使
用的俗语（Prakrit）而言，又称为雅语。我国及日本依此语为梵天（印度教的主神之一
）所造的传说，而称其为梵语。其名称本为sanskrit，源自samskrta，字面意思为“完全
整理好的”，也即整理完好的语言。
广义而言，梵语包括 3种：吠陀梵语，史诗梵语和古典梵语，而狭义的梵语只指古典梵语
。在世界上所有古代语言中，梵语文献的数量仅次于汉语，远远超过希腊语和拉丁语，内
容异常丰富。广义的梵语文献包括：印度古代婆罗门教的圣典—四吠陀：《梨俱吠陀》、
《娑摩吠陀》、《夜柔吠陀》和《阿达婆吠陀》, 以及大量的梵书、经书、奥义书等；两
大史诗：《摩诃婆罗多》和《罗摩衍那》，以及大量古事记。此外，它还包括大量的语法
书、寓言故事集，以及医学、自然科学、文艺理论等著作；用古典梵语，也就是狭义的梵
语，写成的印度古典文学作品，更是文采斐然，影响深远。其中佛教的大乘经典部分便是
最为人熟知 |
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c**r
发帖数: 2019 | 38 《中国的梵文研究》
周一良
(一)
我国自来称印度文为梵文。因为印度人相传，他们的文字是梵天（Brahma）所制（《西域
记》卷二）。但在印度本土，普通却不叫梵文。只有大史诗《Mahabharata》里，曾称梵
文为brahmi vac，意思是神圣的语言，仅仅当作一种别名或美称而已。那么，印度人称他
们的文字叫什么呢？他们称为Sanskrit。这字的原义有文饰、修整、精制一类的意思。顾
名思义，我们不由得想到中国的‘文言’。梵文在印度的地位，确和中国的文言文体很相
像。Sanskrit这字最早见于《梨俱吠陀》──印度最古的文献。这部书的文体就是一种古
梵文。吠陀是婆罗门教的圣典，同时也只有四种姓里最上层的婆罗门才有资格学习。大约
从很古的时期，梵文已经是上层种姓专有的语言了。以后注释吠陀的书，也都是用梵文。
到了西元前五世纪，波腻你（Panini）作了一部梵文文法，奠定了梵文文法的基础。直到
现在两千多年来，写梵文都要受《波腻你文法》的约束。也就是因为大家都遵守他的轨则
，两千多年来梵文竟没什么大变化。中国虽没有波腻你的文法，因为作文章的文要摹古，
于是乎无形之中文言和白话分了家。文言 |
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k*****r
发帖数: 21039 | 39 季羡林人虽入了人民共和国毛泽东时代,心却还蒋越和汪越时代,是个投了越,又受印度
腐蚀的坏典型.
此人早年被民国"公派"到德国学习.开口闭口要学洋艺术.可是,他的德国教授告诉他,真
正的艺术在东方,你为什么要学洋?后来此人开始学梵文(Sankrit).他基础比较差,本来
机会不多, 可是,当时德国人都去了前线打英国和法国,德国教授只好"明知不可为而为
之",认真培养了他一段时间,他于是写了一两篇关于梵文语法的文章.今天看起来, 实在
没有什么意思.
回国后,此人开始在中国招摇.当了教授,再没有什么成果.解放后,他又写过一些文章,今
天看来,实在都是胡说蛮道.比如他研究佛宗起源的文章,说是什么印度人 - 他是不是说
Aryans? - 由于很穷,又由于自然恶劣,经常被欺负,被欺负急了,就发明了所谓忍的宗教
.这些话,都是乱猜,反映的是季羡林在民国学的一些坏东西,坏习惯,坏思想.其实,佛宗
基本是中国汉,藏,匈等民族的创造,由东方传入印度.佛自己的语言,肯定不是Sanskrit,
应该是汉藏语言的某一古分枝.
当然,按季羡林的浅薄的根基,可能根本不懂这些,可以原谅.文化大革命前的很多所谓专 |
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y********g
发帖数: 4 | 40
Little Fox, you need to read history. A Web site for you:History
http://www.mapsofindia.com/stateprofiles/arunachalpradesh/
The region that is now Arunachal Pradesh is mentioned in the Puranas (Sanskrit
writings about the beginning of time), but little else is known of the state's
early history. Part of Arunachal Pradesh was annexed by the Ahom kings of
Assam in the 16th century. In 1826 Assam became part of British India, but
efforts to bring Arunachal Pradesh under British administration did |
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y********g
发帖数: 4 | 41
Please read more!
This is from Idian side. However, we still can find who should have this land.
History
The region that is now Arunachal Pradesh is mentioned in the Puranas (Sanskrit
writings about the beginning of time), but little else is known of the state's
early history. Part of Arunachal Pradesh was annexed by the Ahom kings of
Assam in the 16th century. In 1826 Assam became part of British India, but
efforts to bring Arunachal Pradesh under British administration did not begin
until the |
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S*******s
发帖数: 13043 | 42 Our term china for porcelain or ceramic ware is a shortening of chinaware
and probably china dishes. Although the word china is identical in spelling
to the name of the country, there are 16th- and 17th-century spellings like
chiney, cheny, and cheney that reflect the borrowing into English of the
Persian term for this porcelain, chºnº. The Persian word and the
Sanskrit word cºn³¡, “Chinese people,” which gave us the
English name for the country, go back to the C |
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n*****e
发帖数: 119 | 43 英语中的mandarin源于葡萄牙语，之前是马来语，再之前是梵语
Portuguese mandarim, from Malay mĕntĕri, from Sanskrit mantrin
counselor, from mantra counsel(来源：Merriam-Webster Dictionary)
西方人最早用是葡萄牙人占据澳门之后。用来指中国官话，当年肯定是明朝的官话。后
来说成是“满大人”之音译，似乎比较牵强。 |
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c**i
发帖数: 6973 | 44 Andrew Lawler, Destroyed Buddhas Reveal Their True Colors. Science Magazine
, Mar 1, 2011.
http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2011
/03/destroyed-buddhas-reveal-their-t.html?rss=1
Note: Bamyan Province
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamiyan_Province
(Bamyan was the site of an early Buddhist monastery from which Bamyan takes
its name from the Sanskrit varmayana ("coloured"). Many statues of Buddha
are carved into the sides of cliffs facing Bamyan city. The two most
prominent of these statues wer... 阅读全帖 |
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c*******e
发帖数: 150 | 45 顶一个。
在英文里面，虽然现在 mandarin 在日常用语里越来越特指 Mandarin Chinese，但是
还是有些时候还是作为这个词的本义 (public official, a person of standing and
influence) 被用的，打个比方：
The officious mandarins in the motor vehicles department refused to let him
renew his license without all of the required forms.
对于 Mandarin 这个词的词源，查一下任何一本权威的英文词典，都可以给出它的
etymology。比如参照最权威的美国英语词典 Merriam-Webster，词源如下：
Origin of MANDARIN
Portuguese mandarim, from Malay mĕntĕri, from Sanskrit mantrin
counselor, from mantra counsel — more at mantra
Firs... 阅读全帖 |
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c*******e
发帖数: 150 | 46 顶一个。
在英文里面，虽然现在 mandarin 在日常用语里越来越特指 Mandarin Chinese，但是
还是有些时候还是作为这个词的本义 (public official, a person of standing and
influence) 被用的，打个比方：
The officious mandarins in the motor vehicles department refused to let him
renew his license without all of the required forms.
对于 Mandarin 这个词的词源，查一下任何一本权威的英文词典，都可以给出它的
etymology。比如参照最权威的美国英语词典 Merriam-Webster，词源如下：
Origin of MANDARIN
Portuguese mandarim, from Malay mĕntĕri, from Sanskrit mantrin
counselor, from mantra counsel — more at mantra
Firs... 阅读全帖 |
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o**********e
发帖数: 18403 | 47 LS， 您是不是以为波斯很古老，很牛？
希腊人去印度的时候，发现当地人不写
东西，没有历史。 但是喜欢神神叨叨，
啰里八嗦。 倒也不太血腥，希腊人
就特别看重一些。 在那里建国100年，
教出了一个新的“梵语“自称“完美”的语言。
梵语只用来装神弄鬼，婆罗门垄断学术。
日常生活不用的。
Comparison with Modern Standard Urdu[edit]
See also: Hindi–Urdu controversy, Hindustani phonology and Hindustani
grammar
Linguistically, Hindi and Urdu are the same language. Hindi is written in
the Devanagari script and uses more Sanskrit words, whereas Urdu is written
in the Perso-Arabic script and uses more Arabic and Persian words. Hindi
along with E... 阅读全帖 |
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c**i
发帖数: 6973 | 48 VOA Chinese, Mar. 24, 2010.
http://www1.voanews.com/chinese/news/asia/20100324-INDIA-SET-AMBITIOUS-PLAN-89027067.html
Note:
(a) 普里蒂维防空 Prithvi Air Defence (PAD) missile
The PAD uses Prithvi (missile)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prithvi_(missile)
A reminder: The PAD failed on Mar. 14, 2010 when the interceptor (missile)
did not launch during a test (although the target missile performed as
expected).
"prithvi" is Sanskrit for "earth."
(b) 国防研究和开发组织 Defence Research & Development Organisation (DRDO)
htt |
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c**i
发帖数: 6973 | 50 VOA Chinese, Mar 22, 2011.
http://www.voanews.com/chinese/news
/20110322-India-China-Summit--118422814.html
(印中可能发生潜在水资源争执)
Note:
(a) 世界水日 World Water Day
(b) For 雅鲁藏布江, see Brahmaputra River
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmaputra_River
(Its upstream in Tibet is called Yarlung Tsangpo River; into Arunachal
Pradesh 阿鲁纳恰尔 邦; merges with the Ganges; While most rivers on the
Indian subcontinent have female names, this river has a rare male name, as
it means "son of Brahma" in Sanskrit (putra means... 阅读全帖 |
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