a****r
发帖数: 4965 | 1 B类和F类非移民签证要等入境至少60天，最好90天后再交I-485，不然有签证欺诈嫌疑。
As a general rule, a person cannot have preconceived intent to enter the U.S
. for a purpose different from that permitted under his/her visa. Before a
non-immigrant visa applicant’s application is approved, a consular officer
(at the U.S. Consular/Embassy abroad that the applicant submitted their
application to) must first determine whether the non-immigrant actually
seeks to enter the U.S. permanently. This precaution is taken because under
the Immi... 阅读全帖 |
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d*2
发帖数: 2053 | 3 http://techcrunch.com/2010/12/06/google-ebooks-e-reading-takes-to-the-cloud/
Google today unveiled its long-rumored entry into the e-book sales world,
not called Google Editions, as was previously speculated, but a more
anonymous-sounding Google eBooks. The basic idea is to provide an entirely
web-based e-book platform accessible from any device with a browser. The
business model they’ve opted for is slightly less centralized than the
competition, but not quite the distributed seller network I e... 阅读全帖 |
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u**l
发帖数: 1043 | 4 【 以下文字转载自 Family 讨论区 】
发信人: fralotus (shining), 信区: Family
标 题: 10件当社工出现在你家你必须做的事情 (请版主 mark)
发信站: BBS 未名空间站 (Mon Apr 25 22:40:46 2011, 美东)
By Chris Branson, Attorney at law.
英文挺长，我把每段做一个小总结
1) Take the accusation seriously. I don' t care how absurd or unbelievable
the caseworker sounds. Understand that SHE is serious, and likely presumes -
no, likely KNOWS that you are guilty as accused. Even if she doesn' t flat
out say that she' s there to take the children, she is quite possibly intent
on ... 阅读全帖 |
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P**********c
发帖数: 3417 | 5 不一样。
A GFCI and a grounded outlet do two different things and protect against two
different scenarios, and one is not a replacement for the other. A grounded
outlet protects against a short in the WIRING, specifically, a wire coming
loose and contacting a metal electrical box or housing. If the box or
housing is grounded, the fuse or breaker will blow and presumably you'll
realize you have a problem. If this DIDN'T occur, anyone who touched the box
or housing would get a shock - whether you've g... 阅读全帖 |
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s***d
发帖数: 15421 | 6 This bill would provide that if a person who is ineligible to vote becomes
registered to vote by operation of the California New Motor Voter Program in
the absence of a violation by that person of the crime described above,
that person’s registration shall be presumed to have been effected with
official authorization and not the fault of that person. The bill would also
provide that if a person who is ineligible to vote becomes registered to
vote by operation of this program, and that person vot... 阅读全帖 |
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e********3
发帖数: 18578 | 7 细节决定成败,几个typo改变了一个品牌的走向和影响了几十亿的生意：
The pitch meeting, according to Steph's father Dell, who was present, kicked
off with one Nike official accidentally addressing Stephen as "Steph-on,"
the moniker, of course, of Steve Urkel's alter ego in Family Matters. "I
heard some people pronounce his name wrong before," says Dell Curry. "I wasn
't surprised. I was surprised that I didn't get a correction."
It got worse from there. A PowerPoint slide featured Kevin Durant's name,
presumably left on by accid... 阅读全帖 |
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T******g
发帖数: 21328 | 8 最新过敏假说，就是生活环境太干净TH-1不活跃，造成TH-2过度兴奋。看样子真的要投
入到野外运动的洪流中去。。。
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allergy
Hygiene hypothesis
Allergic diseases are caused by inappropriate immunological responses to
harmless antigens driven by a TH2-mediated immune response. Many bacteria
and viruses elicit a TH1-mediated immune response, which down-regulates TH2
responses. The first proposed mechanism of action of the hygiene hypothesis
stated that insufficient stimulation of the TH1 arm of the immune system
lead to an ove... 阅读全帖 |
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p**x
发帖数: 6614 | 9 我在CCW课上学的和船长不一样呢。开枪前需要检查对方是否有致命武力，不适用于
castle doctrine。也就是说只要对方非法进入了你的castle，无需确认对方是否有致
命武力。
参见
http://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_
FL statue 776.JUSTIFIABLE USE OF FORCE
013: Home protection
(4)?A person who unlawfully and by force enters or attempts to enter a
person’s dwelling, residence, or occupied vehicle is presumed to be doing
so with the intent to commit an unlawful act involving force or violence.
也就是说只要一个人非法进入了别人的castle，他就“presumed”是要从事犯罪暴力活
动了。因此无需适用776.01... 阅读全帖 |
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u*3
发帖数: 44 | 11 In my understanding, "imminent threat" is fundamental for use of deadly
force, indoor or outdoor.Even in FL, the state with strongest SD law, this
clause is clearly presented. Borrowing a quote from above:
"776.013(1) A person is presumed to have held a reasonable fear of imminent
peril of death or great bodily harm to himself or herself or another when
using defensive force that is intended or likely to cause death or great
bodily harm to another if:" -- imminent peril of death is still presen... 阅读全帖 |
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p*********e
发帖数: 32207 | 12 "
who unlawfully and by force enters or attempts
to enter a person’s dwelling, residence, or occupied vehicle
"
this is the clause the describes "a person".
starting from "is presumed to", it continues to make statement about
what kind of intent such person is presumed to have.
Or just find any native speaker and explain to them your interpretation,
and see what they say. I'm tired of this.
to
or
B) |
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c****e
发帖数: 1984 | 13 http://www.johnziegler.com/editorials_details.asp?editorial=220
Thursday, July 19, 2012
Editorial by John Ziegler
How the Media May Have Framed Joe Paterno
7/19/2012
Regardless of what the final facts eventually say about what Joe Paterno
knew and when he knew it about Jerry Sandusky’s criminal behavior (contrary
to what the media has told you, they aren’t in yet), the media coverage of
him has been as unfair as any I have ever seen. In some ways, the media
coverage of Joe Paterno has combined s... 阅读全帖 |
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z****u
发帖数: 2629 | 14 我觉得先得剔除几个显小的假象，比如身材矮小，一米五上下的，隔远了看，不见脸的
话，无论胖或瘦，一般都会给人年纪小的假象，因为大家presume只有孩子才是矮的。
还有一个就是身材发育，比如身高正常，但是瘦到和13岁女生一样的细，前平，后平，
那肯定远看就是小，因为大家又presume只有未发育的女生才会跟小男孩一样身材。
看人年龄的关键，我觉得是眼神。
比如刘晓庆演戏，怎么演都没法看着像年轻人，倒不是她老，而是她的眼神锐利和充满
心机，就算是装萌也装不像。她的眼神也浑浊，不清澈。
一是看眼神，大概代表此人内心是几岁的心理年龄。
二是看表情，呵呵，大妈的表情比较呆板，不灵动。
三是看脸和皮肤，比如皱纹，下垮，毛孔大，这些都是伴随年龄而恶化的。
四是看身材，一般来说苗条的，但不是瘦的，显得年轻些。 |
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j***b
发帖数: 5901 | 15 When the dog jumps on RG, it's not the result of 摆拍. When the dog walks along RG without a leash, it's also not the result of 摆拍.
The dog in the Japanese version is very passive. I didn't even see shots of the professor walking together with the dog. There are only shots of the professor calling (presumably the dog) without the dog in the scene and the dog running (presumably to the professor) without the professor in the scene. This is what we call 摆拍. |
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b***n
发帖数: 9346 | 16 Please let me know the shipped date to you and the manufacture date of this
camera. Worried about radiation in this one as they are made very close
to the nuclear accident in Japan. Since this one is used, I presume it
was sold to you, please let me know the details of its history and all the
dates. Thank you very much! I also presume that if measured with
radiation
detector when the package gets to me and if levels are above normal I can
return with no restocking charge to you as I would no... 阅读全帖 |
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l****f
发帖数: 332 | 17 http://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/01/24/inside-the-romney
January 24, 2012, 8:42 am
Inside the Romney Tax Returns
By FLOYD NORRIS, NICHOLAS CONFESSORE and STEPHANIE STROM
Mitt Romney’s campaign released details of his federal tax returns on
Tuesday morning, providing the most detailed view yet of his wealthy family
’s finances.
Times reporters are looking into the specifics of the returns. Follow along
for analysis, and view the individual returns.
# Mitt and Ann Romney’s tax returns: 2010... 阅读全帖 |
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l*****a
发帖数: 38403 | 19 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_artifacts_significant_to_t
10-line ritual cup (c. 1 AD) - 2,000-year-old limestone cup with 10 lines of
Aramaic or Hebrew script found near the Zion Gate of the Old City of
Jerusalem. Found by U.S. archaeologists; Shimon Gibson of the University of
North Carolina at Charlotte stated that "To have 10 lines of text is
unprecedented..." They know it contains the Hebrew word for God indicating
it was probably important to the priests who used it in rituals.[3]
Am... 阅读全帖 |
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l*****a
发帖数: 38403 | 20 【 以下文字转载自 Belief 讨论区 】
发信人: leonana (leonany), 信区: Belief
标 题: Re: list of 和圣经有关的古物
发信站: BBS 未名空间站 (Mon Aug 22 21:21:07 2011, 美东)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_artifacts_significant_to_t
10-line ritual cup (c. 1 AD) - 2,000-year-old limestone cup with 10 lines of
Aramaic or Hebrew script found near the Zion Gate of the Old City of
Jerusalem. Found by U.S. archaeologists; Shimon Gibson of the University of
North Carolina at Charlotte stated that "To have 10 lines of text is
unprecedented.... 阅读全帖 |
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D*****r
发帖数: 6791 | 21 A SPEECH OF Mr. JOHN MILTON
For the Liberty of VNLICENC'D PRINTING,
To the PARLAMENT of ENGLAND.
______________________________________________________________
This is true Liberty when free born men
Having to advise the public may speak free,
Which he who can, and will, deserv's high praise,
Who neither can nor will, may hold his peace;
What can be juster in a State then this?
... 阅读全帖 |
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s********b
发帖数: 3 | 22
回应：
一、注意“长老”不是“老年人”可能是年轻人或中年人。请长老抹油祷告是很正常的
，任何相信圣经的教会都会有人相信并实践的。
二、我不清楚怎样解释‘“圣经”“新约”明确要求女人在教会要“闭口不言”’。
我不知道这个教导是不是绝对的，或“明确”。
例如，哥林多前书十一章，
4 凡男人祷告或是讲道（讲道或作说预言下同），若蒙着头，就羞辱自己的头。 5 凡
女人祷告或是讲道，若不蒙着头，就羞辱自己的头。因为这就如同剃了头发一样。 6
女人若不蒙着头，就该剪了头发。女人若以剪发剃发为羞愧，就该蒙着头。
这些经文意为，女人可以讲道（先知预言）只有蒙头（要不就剪头发）就可以了。与哥
林多前书十四章34-35节的教导有异。我没时间具体查原文希腊文怎么写的。
在网上找到一篇有关文章。（比较长）
http://www.ntrf.org/articles/article_detail.php?PRKey=16
Correctly Interpreting 1 Corinthians 14:33b-35 (Part 1＆Part 2)
by Steve Atkerson
If you ever wis... 阅读全帖 |
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l**********t
发帖数: 5754 | 23
"you are distorting words. i am not mutation expert but here is some of my
humble opinion on this subject"
-- if you are not familiar with the subject, please don't start with an
allegtion about "distorting words", because I'm a biochem major so I know
what these terms mean in the context of biological science.
"mutation can be spontaneous mutation, or induced mutation. what we are
talking about here is presumably spontaneous mutation that has been
happening throughout the history of evolution"... 阅读全帖 |
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O******e
发帖数: 4845 | 24 Researchers convince people they have three arms--then threaten one with a
knife [Video]
http://www.scientificamerican.com/blog/post.cfm?id=need-an-extr
A knife-wielding researcher is bearing down on your right hand梠r is it
your hand? You see three arms in front of you, and you can feel your pal
ms dampen with fear-induced perspiration. But is it your right hand the
kitchen knife is plunging toward, or a false, rubber right hand?
The dilemma might sound ridiculous, but tell that to the 154 healt... 阅读全帖 |
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s********3
发帖数: 231 | 25 《科学》对STAP手稿的专家评审意见曝光
《科学》对传说中的STAP细胞论文的三名评审专家意见，过去一直被雪藏，今天终于
被曝光。专家对这一研究的评价不高，认为非常全面的描述性研究，如果结果确定，可
能导致发育生物学大厦的颠覆，其实是不相信这种研究结论。因为没有当时的投稿件，
所以没有办法对这些评价进行更深入分析。不过这些资料显然都在某个地方，只是拥有
的人不愿意拿出来。
Retraction Watch readers are of course familiarwith the STAP stem cell saga,
which was punctuated by tragedy last month whenone of the authors of the
two now-retracted papers in Nature committed suicide.
In June, Science‘s news section reported:
Sources in the scientific community confirm that early version... 阅读全帖 |
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f*****0
发帖数: 489 | 26 I always say that Chinese schools should teach students how to ask questions
. you are just articulating as a rock.
"电路单电源3.3V供电，V-，V+均为1.65V，"
what are V- and V+? in your chart, you marked only V+ (the non-inverting
termianl?). You have to remember that what is presumed for you isn't
necessarily presumed by others.
"输出为0V，伴有幅值极小的频率500K左右的噪声。"
like how small is 极小?
"是发生自激了吗？可能是什么原因呢？"
nobody knows for sure, as you there is so much confusion and so limited info.
but it would be very hard for a 50 |
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w****1
发帖数: 4931 | 27 As I said, there are two new features of the mirror symmetry for GL that we
are not used to, namely very singular fibers and cc branes, which is
presumably what's interesting about it.
There is a lot more to mirror symmetry than enumerative invariants, even for
Calabi-Yau 3-folds. We are interested in the category of branes, which has
a variety of presumably equivalent descriptions, in terms of bounded derived
category of coherent sheaves, in terms of special Lagrangians, in terms of
matrix fact |
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s**********8
发帖数: 25265 | 28 Informed consent
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedi
"Informed Consent" redirects here. For the House episode, see Informed
Consent (House). For the website, see Informed Consent (website).
Scales of justice
Tort law
Part of the common law series
Intentional torts
Assault · Battery
False imprisonment
Intentional infliction of
emotional distress (IIED)
Transferred intent
Property torts
Trespass (land · chattels)
Conversion · Detinue
Replevin · Trover
Defenses
Assumption of risk
Comparative negli... 阅读全帖 |
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g*2
发帖数: 658 | 29 刚刚把堆积了几个星期的nejm翻看了一下，居然在11月底的那期case discussion就是
讲得这个病
http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMcpc1103565
Case 36-2011 — A 93-Year-Old Woman with Shortness of Breath and Chest Pain
Presentation of Case
Dr. Pooja Agrawal (Emergency Medicine): A 93-year-old woman was seen in the
emergency department at this hospital because of chest pain and shortness of
breath.
The patient had been in her usual state of health, with hypertension and
chronic renal insufficiency, until the morning of admission, wh... 阅读全帖 |
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w*******y
发帖数: 60932 | 30 Transformers: Dark of the Moon was released in theaters on June 29th, 2011,
earning over $351 million dollars domestically and over $1,123,000,000
BILLION worldwide, the second highest grossing movie of 2011. Featuring a $
195 million production budget, every penny shows on the screen.
When it was released on DVD and Blu-Ray on Sept. 30th 2011, it sold more
than 2,628,787 units, earning over $44 million in sales revenue. For those
of you who saw my New Release Thread on the original release of t... 阅读全帖 |
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l**********e
发帖数: 3149 | 31 "日本小鬼子", that's what you said, so I presumably thought you have a
feeling of repugnance toward Japanese. Correct me if I am wrong. |
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v***0
发帖数: 5096 | 32 Convicted of 48,
confessed to 71,
presumed to be 90+
现在官方看法是杀了100多。 |
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j**n
发帖数: 13789 | 33 Summary
People in China have found that Amazon's Kindle e-reader allows them to
bypass the country's 'Great Firewall', according to a report.
Topics
China, Network, Amazon.com Inc., 3G, Firewalls, Network Security, Cellular
Phones, Security, Wireless And Mobility, Consumer Electronics, Personal
Technology, Networking
People in China have found that Amazon's Kindle e-reader allows them to
bypass the country's 'Great Firewall', according to a report.
An article in the South China Morning Post on T... 阅读全帖 |
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t******u
发帖数: 228 | 35 三月十四日，彭博报道，中国就在教堂地震中丧生的公民向新西兰政府要求特殊补偿，
因为受害人家庭丧失了他们唯一的子女。使馆官员程磊在新西兰电台采访中说，国家正
在寻求新西兰高于正常赔偿标准的经济支持。160名遇难者中，7名是来自中国的学生。
在这所被摧毁的语言学校中，约有70名学生遇害。该校网站显示17名中国学生失踪。
在另一个采访中，教育部长说，新西兰不可能向这些家庭提供特别对待。
China Seeks ‘One-Child’ Compensation for New Zealand Earthquake2011-03-14
04:06:48.604 GMT By Chris BourkeMarch 14 (Bloomberg) -- China wants special
compensationfrom the New Zealand government for its citizens killed in
theChristchurch earthquake because affected families lost theironly child,
an official... 阅读全帖 |
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c**i
发帖数: 6973 | 36 Three articles, with the latest first.
(1) Amartya Sen, Quality of Life: India vs. China. New York Review of Books,
May 12, 2011
http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives
/2011/may/12/quality-life-india-vs-china/
("The mean years of schooling in India were estimated to be 4.4 years,
compared with 7.5 years in China")
My comment:
(a) Amartya Sen (1933- ) was recipient of 1998 Nobel Prize in Economic
Sciences.
(b) Not to be confused with New York Times book review, The New York Review
of Books is a... 阅读全帖 |
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c**i
发帖数: 6973 | 37 VOA Chinese, Sept 29, 2011
http://www.voanews.com/chinese/news
/20110929-us-taiwan-policy-130796018.html
Quote:
卡内基民主基金会(Carnegie Endowment for International Peace)亚洲项目高级研究
员史文(Michael Swaine)，星期三在大西洋理事会一场有关美国与台海未来发展的研讨
会中表示: "美国的政策最终是要实现美国的利益，六项保证并非以鲜血写下， 它们不
是美国法律.
"美国官方最近一次提到'六项保证'，是在9月21号通知国会58.5亿美元对台军售当天。
奥巴马政府资深官员在国务院一个针对这次军售案举行的电话背景简报中表示，美国奉
行“被我们非正式称呼的六项保证”，强调六项保证其中最重要的一项，就是美国不会
在事前与中国正式或非正式讨论军售事宜。他说，美国在通知国会对台军售项目之后，
通过中国驻美大使张业遂告知中国政府这个军售决定，是美中之间关于这次对台军售的
首次接触。
My comment: Regarding quot... 阅读全帖 |
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c********t
发帖数: 320 | 38 1,563 comments
* Popular Now
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jeffrey
135users liked this commentPlease sign in to rate!Please sign in to
rate!15users disliked this comment
jeffrey • Roanoke, Virginia • 1 day 12 hrs ago
After experiencing Newark he'll probably go home!
o
A Yahoo User
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m**c
发帖数: 7299 | 39 【 以下文字转载自 Military 讨论区 】
发信人: msgc (为了下一代免遭变态残害), 信区: Military
标 题: 43%杀手 69% 的连环杀手是GAY/homosexuals
发信站: BBS 未名空间站 (Fri Sep 14 15:25:34 2012, 美东)
这是现在被严禁的学术研究! GAY最骄傲的就是堵住人的嘴,掩盖事实真相,欺骗无知人
的同情........
Homosexuality among Serial Killers: Statistics
Source, "over 43%": "Homosexual Rape and Murder of Children", published in
Journal of the Family Research Institute, Vol. 18 No. 1, Feb 2003.
Technically, 69% of the serial killers in this study were homosexuals (i.e.,
people who were self-described ho... 阅读全帖 |
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M*V
发帖数: 3205 | 40 【 以下文字转载自 Faculty 讨论区 】
发信人: lmh (Low, Medium, High), 信区: Faculty
标 题: NYU Professor Charged
发信站: BBS 未名空间站 (Mon May 20 18:11:01 2013, 美东)
http://www.fbi.gov/newyork/press-releases/2013/manhattan-u.s.-a
Manhattan U.S. Attorney and FBI Assistant Director in Charge Announce
Criminal Complaint Against Three New York-Based University Researchers for
Conspiring to Receive Bribes from a Chinese Company and a Chinese Government
-Supported Research Institute
Defendants Allegedly Acquired Proprietary, Fe... 阅读全帖 |
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F*V
发帖数: 3978 | 41 http://www.farnorthscience.com/2007/09/10/ak-sci-forum/squirrel
Squirrels and toxic mushrooms; aspens and leaf miners
By Ned Rozell
Amanita muscaria
Source: Wikipedia Commons
This column is provided as a public service by the Geophysical Institute,
University of Alaska Fairbanks, in cooperation with the UAF research
community. Ned Rozell is a science writer at the institute.
Fairbanks reader Darleen Masiak recently saw a red squirrel carrying an
Amanita mushroom across her deck, presumably to st... 阅读全帖 |
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U*E
发帖数: 3620 | 42 这是现在被严禁的学术研究! GAY最骄傲的就是堵住人的嘴,掩盖事实真相,欺骗无知人
的同情........
Homosexuality among Serial Killers: Statistics
Source, "over 43%": "Homosexual Rape and Murder of Children", published in
Journal of the Family Research Institute, Vol. 18 No. 1, Feb 2003.
Technically, 69% of the serial killers in this study were homosexuals (i.e.,
people who were self-described homosexuals or people who had engaged in
homosexual behavior immediately prior to, during, or after committing their
murders). The lower statistic of... 阅读全帖 |
|
发帖数: 1 | 43 An evening with the dance performance trying to bring down the Chinese
Communist Party.
on a cool evening in late April, I watched a performance of Shen Yun, the
two and a half hour variety show organized by the religious sect Falun Gong.
Artistically, it was pleasant: The dancers are professionals, emotive and
lithe. The emcees — one American, one Chinese — who introduce the acts and
offer a bit of historical commentary, banter amicably if a bit awkwardly.
Unsurprisingly for a performance held ... 阅读全帖 |
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发帖数: 22064 | 44 John T. Downey Dies at 84; Held Captive for 20 Years
By DOUGLAS MARTIN November 21, 2014
前美国传奇特工逝世，曾被中国囚禁20年
DOUGLAS MARTIN 2014年11月21日
John T. Downey, a former C.I.A. agent who became the longest-serving
American prisoner of war by surviving more than 20 years in Chinese prisons
after he was shot down over Manchuria in 1952, died on Monday at a hospice
in Branford, Conn. He was 84.
本周一，曾被中国囚禁逾20年的美国中央情报局(CIA)前探员约翰·T·唐尼(John T.
Downey)在康涅狄格州布兰福德的一家临终安养院逝世，享年84岁。1952年，他乘坐的
飞机在中国东北部被击落，使他就此成为服刑时间最... 阅读全帖 |
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发帖数: 70028 | 45 前总统马英九今天表示，常设仲裁法院认定太平岛是礁不是岛，他非常错愕与愤怒，绝不接受荒谬不公的国际仲裁，他呼吁政府立即提出具体措施，捍卫中华民国的太平岛。
马英九指出，这个法庭的存在，应该是为国际争端定纷息争、避免走上冲突甚至战争。但是，这样的仲裁结果，不但没有排难解纷，反而增加了冲突的可能。「在背後操控的势力，看似赢了面子，其实却输了裡子。」
「菲律宾对中国」南海仲裁案，常设仲裁法院今天公布结果，称中国大陆在9段线范围内主张的历史权利没有法律依据，而南沙群岛的所有海上地物，均为礁岩，包括太平岛在内。
马英九晚间在脸书发文表示，从去年12月到今年5月，包括他在内，150多名部会首长、国内外学者专家和国内外媒体，都访问太平岛，亲眼见证这个淡水充裕（南沙唯一）、农产丰富、生活机能完整的岛屿，完全符合「联合国海洋法公约」第121条关于「岛屿」必须「维持人类生存与自身经济生活」的要件。
他说，至今年4月底为止，也有430篇国际媒体完整陈述「太平岛是岛」的事实。太平岛是「岛」不是「礁」，已是国内外多数人的共识。
马英九指出，70年来，太平岛是在中华民国有效统治之下，对地区提供医疗救难等服务，夙有口... 阅读全帖 |
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发帖数: 228 | 46 美军的伤亡大致分为下面几类：
战斗死亡（battle deaths 或 death due to hostile action）
阵亡（killed in action，KIA）
伤死（died of wound，DOW）
失踪死（missing in action, presumed dead，MIA）
被俘死（captured, declared dead）
战斗负伤（wounded）
非战斗死亡（non-battle death）
疾病
其中阵亡和伤死的分别在于是否死于医护场所，如果在后送就医途中死亡，仍然计入阵
亡，如果在医院死亡则计入伤死。一般中文里说的“阵亡”其实相当于“战斗死亡”，
由于中文翻译上与美军使用名词不见得一致，所以有时会产生一种误解，以为伤死不计
入死亡名单，这当然是错误印象所致。就如下面美军在伊拉克战争的死亡名单及人数，
到2008年2月2日止共3,945人，而其中有许多都是在美国和德国医院中的伤死（DOW）：
http://icasualties.org/oif/default.aspx
后送战区外医院伤死名单
http://icasualties.org |
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发帖数: 30882 | 47
跟罗马同期的秦朝兵器，譬如秦剑，由于铸造时内外冷却速度不同，使内外金相组织不
同进而影响了锡的分布，内部的锡含量低到8%， 根据青铜锡含量和性能关系曲线（《
纯铜及其铜合金》《冶金丛刊》 1998年06期），这个锡含量的青铜塑性刚好达到峰顶
，约33%左右，可见韧性是非常好的。
所以说秦剑确实是内韧外坚。外部的硬度，兵马俑中出土的秦剑检测数据是106HRB，约
296HV。（《秦俑坑出土的兵器》《丝绸之路》 1999年01期）。
鄂州博物馆的董亚巍研究员复制的战国青铜剑，用18％锡含量，5％铅含量（这个铅含
量用高了，秦剑含铅量平均在1%以下，因此硬度和韧性更高一些）
实验结果证实，这种青铜剑内韧外坚，外部硬度约290HV，可以印证兵马俑秦剑的检测
结果。
（《战国青铜剑的铸制技术及“削杀矢之齐”研究 》《全国第六届科技考古论文集》
2003年8月）
那么来看看同时期或者更晚时期西方的铁剑：
由于西方锡比较缺乏，要从非洲腹地运来，因此他们比较早就使用铁器了，尽管这时的
铁性能并不比青铜有优势。
古代西方一直没有开发出铸铁柔化技术和炒钢技术，兵器一直使用块炼铁，块炼铁是铁
矿石在较低温... 阅读全帖 |
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