l********r
发帖数: 123 | 1 （轉自人人網）
現在壹些中國人，為了把成吉思汗吹成中國人，已經到了令人發指的地步。壹開始在教
科書上吹，鬧成了國際笑柄。後來又弄出了所謂“蒙古人起源於中國”“外蒙人是內蒙
人奴隸”的可笑謬論。而最近網絡上出現了壹段視頻，內容居然是上海復旦大學生命科
學學院教授李輝通過基因檢測斷定成吉思汗是的父系是漢人，而且還號稱在國際上發表
了相關論文。然後筆者就用英文搜索李輝對外發表的這篇論文，於是有趣的東西出現了。
以下就是上海復旦大學復旦大學生命科學學院教授王傳超和李輝在國際上對外發表的論
文中提及成吉思汗的部分：
---------------------
Inferring human history in East Asia from Y chromosomes
Chuan-Chao Wang and Hui Li*
Haplogroup O-M175 is the largest haplogroup in East Asia, comprising
roughly 75% of the Chinese and more than half of the Japanese populat... 阅读全帖 |
|
h*i
发帖数: 3446 | 2 犹太人还是随父系的，更别的种族没神马不同。
犹太人拼命要证明犹太人rabi姓的父系基因纯正的事实参见wiki, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_studies_of_Jewish_origins
Priestly Families
Cohanim
Nephrologist Dr. Karl Skorecki decided to analyze the Cohanim to see if they
were the descendants of one man, in which case they should have a set of
common genetic markers.
To test this hypothesis, he contacted Dr. Michael Hammer of the University
of Arizona, a researcher in molecular genetics and a pioneer in research on
chromosome.[46] Their article,... 阅读全帖 |
|
i***z
发帖数: 7508 | 3 【 以下文字转载自 History 讨论区 】
发信人: lionmaster (广东武士), 信区: History
标 题: 漢人稱“成吉思汗父系是漢人基因”，遭滿人怒批
关键字: 蒙古 满洲 阿尔泰 历史 成吉思汗
发信站: BBS 未名空间站 (Wed Aug 20 09:34:47 2014, 美东)
（轉自人人網）
現在一些中國人，為了把成吉思汗吹成中國人，已經到了令人發指的地步。一開始在教
科書上吹，鬧成了國際笑柄。後來又弄出了所謂“蒙古人起源於中國”“外蒙人是內蒙
人奴隸”的可笑謬論。而最近網絡上出現了一段視頻，內容居然是上海復旦大學生命科
學學院教授李輝通過基因檢測斷定成吉思汗是的父系是漢人，而且還號稱在國際上發表
了相關論文。然後筆者就用英文搜索李輝對外發表的這篇論文，於是有趣的東西出現了。
以下就是上海復旦大學復旦大學生命科學學院教授王傳超和李輝在國際上對外發表的論
文中提及成吉思汗的部分：
---------------------
Inferring human history in East Asia from Y chromosomes
Chuan-Ch... 阅读全帖 |
|
l********r
发帖数: 123 | 4 （轉自人人網）
現在一些中國人，為了把成吉思汗吹成中國人，已經到了令人發指的地步。一開始在教
科書上吹，鬧成了國際笑柄。後來又弄出了所謂“蒙古人起源於中國”“外蒙人是內蒙
人奴隸”的可笑謬論。而最近網絡上出現了一段視頻，內容居然是上海復旦大學生命科
學學院教授李輝通過基因檢測斷定成吉思汗是的父系是漢人，而且還號稱在國際上發表
了相關論文。然後筆者就用英文搜索李輝對外發表的這篇論文，於是有趣的東西出現了。
以下就是上海復旦大學復旦大學生命科學學院教授王傳超和李輝在國際上對外發表的論
文中提及成吉思汗的部分：
---------------------
Inferring human history in East Asia from Y chromosomes
Chuan-Chao Wang and Hui Li*
Haplogroup O-M175 is the largest haplogroup in East Asia, comprising
roughly 75% of the Chinese and more than half of the Japanese populat... 阅读全帖 |
|
h*i
发帖数: 3446 | 5 当然是汉藏近。汉日都比汉人与东南亚人近。
O3-M134几乎只出现在说汉藏语系的，或者被汉藏语系人殖民的，或者与汉藏语系人有
接触的区域当中：
From wikipedia:
The subgroup O3a5-M134 is particularly closely associated with Sino-Tibetan
populations, and it is generally not found outside of areas where a Sino-
Tibetan language is currently spoken or that are historically supposed to
have undergone Chinese colonization or immigration, such as Korea, Japan,
Vietnam, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Indonesia. However, its presence
among non-Sino-Tibetan populations is alw... 阅读全帖 |
|
d*****u
发帖数: 17243 | 6 Genetic analysis of the mummies showed that the Xiaohe people were an
admixture from populations originating from both the West and the East. The
maternal lineages of the Xiaohe people originated from both the East and the
West, whereas the paternal lineages all originated from the West.[1]
Mitochondrial DNA analysis, which reveals the maternal ancestry, showed that
the Xiaohe people carried both the East Eurasian haplogroup (C) and the
West Eurasian haplogroups (H and K). The East Eurasian line... 阅读全帖 |
|
w********9
发帖数: 8613 | 7 看印度的婆罗门族群
http://www.nature.com/jhg/journal/v54/n1/full/jhg20082a.html
Many major rival models of the origin of the Hindu caste system co-exist
despite extensive studies, each with associated genetic evidences. One of
the major factors that has still kept the origin of the Indian caste system
obscure is the unresolved question of the origin of Y-haplogroup R1a1*, at
times associated with a male-mediated major genetic influx from Central Asia
or Eurasia, which has contributed to the higher castes... 阅读全帖 |
|
h*i
发帖数: 3446 | 8 符合什么数据？
除了你自己认为，还有谁这么认为？有什么文献？
Haplogroup N-M231 is a descendant haplogroup of Haplogroup NO. It is
considered relatively young, having populated the north of Eurasia after the
last Ice Age. Males carrying the marker apparently moved northwards as the
climate warmed in the Holocene. The absence of haplogroup N-M231 in the
Americas indicates that its spread across Asia happened after the
submergence of the Bering land bridge (Chiaroni 2009). It is suggested that
it arose in southeast Asia 19.4±4.... 阅读全帖 |
|
D*****i
发帖数: 8922 | 9 十多年前，研究DNA的人发现从蒙古到中亚的上千万人共享一个大约一千年前的祖宗。
他们猜测这是由铁木真领导的蒙古人的征服造成的。最近又有研究者研究了游牧民族后
代的DNA数据，发现这个超级祖宗生活在2500年前，也就是说这个游牧民族超级祖宗不
是铁木真或者其较近的亲属。
The Y-chromosome haplogroup C3*-Star Cluster (revised to C2*-ST in this
study) was proposed to be the Y-profile of Genghis Khan. Here, we re-
examined the origin of C2*-ST and its associations with Genghis Khan and
Mongol populations. We analyzed 34 Y-chromosome sequences of haplogroup C2*-
ST and its most closely related lineage. We redefined this paternal linea... 阅读全帖 |
|
D*********n
发帖数: 279 | 10 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_Sta
Native Americans in the United States
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"American Indian" redirects here. For other indigenous peoples, see
Indigenous peoples of the Americas and other geographic regions. For
Americans from South Asia, see Indian American.
This article may be too long to read and navigate comfortably. Please
consider splitting content into sub-articles and/or condensing it. (January
2... 阅读全帖 |
|
m*********a
发帖数: 3299 | 11 (见上图，印度安人是从东亚起源，和中国，日本，韩国同种）
When studying human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups, the results
indicated until recently that Indigenous Amerindian haplogroups, including
haplogroup X, are part of a single founding east Asian population. It also
indicates that the distribution of mtDNA haplogroups and the levels of
sequence divergence among linguistically similar groups were the result of
multiple preceding migrations from Bering Straits populations.
（墨西哥人的形成，虽然难堪，但要承认历史：）
The European conqu... 阅读全帖 |
|
h*i
发帖数: 3446 | 12 From wikipedia:
"Y-chromosome haplogroup O3 is a common DNA marker in Han Chinese, as it
appeared in China in prehistoric times. It is found in more than 50% of
Chinese males, and ranging up to over 80% in certain regional subgroups of
the Han ethnicity.[28] However, the mitochondrial DNA of Han Chinese
increases in diversity as one looks from northern to southern China, which
suggests that some male migrants from northern China married with women from
local peoples after arriving in Guangdong, ... 阅读全帖 |
|
h*i
发帖数: 3446 | 13 The so called Hilly Flanks refers to the culture found at the site of "Ain
Mallaha in modern Israel around 12500 BCE".
It is not clear what kind of people these Hilly Flanks were in term of DNA.
If these Hilly Flanks were haplogroup K or below, which I think is the most
likely, then calling them West is simply laughable, because both O3 (Chinese
) and R1b (European) are descendents of K.
If these Hilly Flanks were haplogroup NO or above, then Hilly Flanks were
actually ancestors of the East inst... 阅读全帖 |
|
m*********a
发帖数: 3299 | 14 Y-chromosome haplogroup O3 is a common DNA marker in Han Chinese, as it
appeared in China in prehistoric times. It is found in more than 50% of
Chinese males, and ranging up to over 80% in certain regional subgroups of
the Han ethnicity.[67] However, the mitochondrial DNA of Han Chinese
increases in diversity as one looks from northern to southern China, which
suggests that some male migrants from northern China married with women from
local peoples after arriving in Guangdong, Fujian, and other... 阅读全帖 |
|
i***z
发帖数: 7508 | 15 Haplogroup O3-M122
Found frequently among populations of East Asia, Southeast Asia, and
culturally Austronesian regions of Oceania, with a moderate distribution in
Central Asia.
Haplogroup O3a3c-M134
Found frequently among Sino-Tibetan peoples, with a moderate distribution
throughout East Asia and Southeast Asia.
Haplogroup O3a3b-M7
Found frequently among Hmong-Mien peoples, with a moderate distribution
among Han Chinese,[8] Buyei,[8] Bai,[9] Mosuo,[9] Tibetans,[9] Qiang,[8]
Oroqen,[8] Tujia,[10 |
|
发帖数: 1 | 16 你说的也对，是一个爹
Haplogroup A 275,000 Years Ago
The stories of all of our paternal lines can be traced back over 275,000
years to just one man: the common ancestor of haplogroup A. Current evidence
suggests he was one of thousands of men who lived in eastern Africa at the
time. However, while his male-line descendants passed down their Y
chromosomes generation after generation, the lineages from the other men
died out. Over time his lineage alone gave rise to all other haplogroups
that exist today. |
|
l*****f
发帖数: 13466 | 17 文献在此：Nature Reviews Genetics 4, 598-612 (August 2003)
基本上总结世界族群的Y染色体分布。没有特别多讲Asia。以前读过一篇做中国族群的
图可惜找不到了。
The Y haplogroups that are
found in southeastern Asia (considering the region
broadly) and Australia are indeed distinct from those
in much of the rest of Asia and Europe.Haplogroups
C and O predominate, whereas D is common in some
populations and M is frequent in New Guinea (FIG. 2).
Haplogroup C has a wider distribution, which
extends into Central and Northern Asia and the
Americas, but D, M... 阅读全帖 |
|
i***z
发帖数: 7508 | 18 A majority (89%) of the Xiongnu mtDNA sequences can be classified as
belonging to Asian haplogroups, and nearly 11% belong to European
haplogroups. This finding indicates that the contacts between European and
Asian populations were anterior to the Xiongnu culture, and it confirms
results reported for two samples from an early 3rd century B.C. Scytho-
Siberian population (Clisson et al. 2002). |
|
h*i
发帖数: 3446 | 19 Ainu is of haplogroup D, in fact, about half of Japanese are of haplogroup D
.
Half of Chinese are of O3, Chinese almost have no D, so Chinese are new
comers to Asia, compared with Japanese.
8 |
|
D*****i
发帖数: 8922 | 20 上图是东亚主要民族的Y-DNA haplogroup的分布百分比图。从图上可见，汉族跟同属汉
藏语系的苗族、瑶族、藏族、羌族、土家族、彝族和哈尼族都含有较多的O3和O2成分。
补充说明一下，大约6000年前，先夏集团（主体是O3-M134）和先羌集团（主体是O3-
M133）在陕甘一带分家后，先羌集团向青藏高原迁徙，沿途分裂为藏族、羌族、彝族等
，并与当地的带D、K等基因的部落融合。后来的炎黄集团的主体是O3-M134和O3-M122，
后来又融入荆蛮集团（主体是O3-M7，也是苗族、瑶族等的祖先）及其他部落，由此形
成的汉族人口超过一半以上是O3基因型。
通古斯语族的满族、锡伯族、鄂伦春族、赫哲族，以及蒙古语族的蒙古族、达斡尔族，
都含有相对较多的C成分。C对汉族的基因池子贡献很小，远不及O3对通古斯语族和蒙古
语族的贡献。所以与其说北方少数民族搞浑了汉族的血统，不如说是汉族搞浑了北方少数民
族的血统。
日本人的基因型是D、O2和O3三足鼎立。朝鲜人、越南人中超过一半以上是O3和O2，O3
的比例略少于汉族。
台湾原住民中绝大部分是O1基因型。维吾尔族的基因来源复杂多样，符合他们黄白... 阅读全帖 |
|
h*i
发帖数: 3446 | 21 For Y-DNY, 94% of south American Indians males belong to haplogroup Q.
It is suspected that Shang's ruling class is of haplogroup Q as well. |
|
f*******2
发帖数: 410 | 22 转载：殷墟的线粒体DNA出来了
http://meeting.physanth.org/program/2013/session13/zeng-2013-pr
只是会议论文。写正式文章还是漫长过程
Preliminary Research on Hereditary Features of Yinxu Population
WEN ZENG1,4, JIAWEI LI2, HONGBIN YUE3, HUI ZHOU2,4 and HONG ZHU1,4.
1College of Humanities, Jilin University, 2College of Life Science, Jilin
University, 3Institute of Archaeology, CASS, 4Research Center for Chinese
Frontier Archaeology, Jilin University
Thursday All day, Park Concourse
Yinxu was the capital during the last phase of th... 阅读全帖 |
|
d*****u
发帖数: 17243 | 23 这个。。。炎黄到底是谁都还不知道呢
O3-M134才是典型的苗瑶吧
Paragroup O-M134(xM117) has been found with very high frequency in some
samples of Kim Mun people, a subgroup of the Yao people of southern China (
16/32 = 50.0% Mountain Kimmun from southern Yunnan, 11/28 = 39.3% Blue
Kimmun from western Guangxi).
O3-M117更是大杂烩，不过看起来跟藏缅关系很大，说是华夏还比较靠谱
O-M117 has been detected in samples of Tamang (38/45 = 84.4%), Tibetans (45/
156 = 28.8% or 13/35 = 37.1%), Tharus (57/171 = 33.3%), Newars (14/66 = 21.2
%), the general population ... 阅读全帖 |
|
d*****u
发帖数: 17243 | 24 有个现象很有意思，
就是Y染色体C系和D系的，在北亚和东南亚都相对比较多
但是在中国很少
Although Haplogroup C-M130 attains its highest frequencies among the
indigenous populations of Mongolia, the Russian Far East, Polynesia,
Australia, and at moderate frequency in the Korean Peninsula and among the
Manchus, it displays high diversity among modern populations of India.
Like haplogroup C, D-M174 is believed to represent the Great Coastal
Migration along southern Asia, from Arabia to Southeast Asia and thence
northward to populate East Asi... 阅读全帖 |
|
d*****u
发帖数: 17243 | 25 彝族这个民族还是比较独特的
早期数据显示他们的Y染色体里N占到了三成，我估计黑彝还要高些
另外还有F-M427，基本只在彝族和拉祜族里有
The F-M427 subclade (lineage) is defined by two mutations: M427 and M428.
This subclade has been detected with varying frequency in samples of Loloish
-speaking peoples, such as the Lahu and the Yi, minority groups who
primarily inhabit some mountainous areas in Southwest China.
F-M427是F-M89分化出来的，而F-M89主要分布在南亚
The Ailao Mountains of Yunnan Province in southwestern China appear to be th
e one of few regions where such lineages, ... 阅读全帖 |
|
t******e
发帖数: 2504 | 26 关于福建， 男性DNA haplogroup 是O3-M117占优， 是汉藏系的不错，对比东西2个邻
居浙江和广东，按理说福建是更“汉”一些， 但问题是， 从历史记载和福建人的家谱
， 祖先大都是河南固始光州等地， 应该是河南的大别山和淮河流域，但河南的现代人
群中O3-M117远远不如福建那么占优势。
这就有2种可能了， 一是河南的男性DNA haplogroup原来的分布和现在福建差不多，
但后来被稀释了; 还有一种可能是福建本地人大都是从别的地方迁移来的， 在史前甚
至是历史时期， 如同畲族一样迁移来的， 但本身是藏缅系的民族之一， 所以O3-M117
占优势，而后来的家谱大都是攀附开闽的陈/王等人的祖籍。 |
|
t******e
发帖数: 2504 | 27 扯，完全是南辕北辙！
韩国或朝鲜有和日本相聚的O2b, 高达40%，O2b是日韩独有的，如果除了O2b, 其它
Y-haplogroups和北汉的比例查不多。
越南的Y-haplogroup和南汉相似，有比较多的O2但是O2a, O2a在南方很平常。 |
|
t******e
发帖数: 2504 | 28 目前猜测各种Y-DNA的来源，和史前人群的迁移路线，主要是靠分子人类学/考古/语言
方面的证据，但古代文化可以相互影响，语言也可以被置换， 相对而言，还是分子人
类学要靠谱一些。
分子人类学的方法一是从现在的分布看那里分类最复杂，那里就有可能是扩展前的来源
地，对于C, 下属种类最复杂的就是东南亚。还有一方法是测古代的DNA, 如在认为是匈
奴墓的人骨测得Y-DNA,大都以Q为主，在西边夹杂R,在东部夹杂C和N，所以现在认为匈
奴和叶尼塞语的关联相当大，没有测到O,而华夏是以O3为主流的，所以司马迁的胡扯“
匈奴其先祖夏后氏之苗裔也”应该是基本破产。
但分子人类学也不是没有问题，最大的问题是，大的Y-DNA haplogroups的形成时间都
远远超过了现代民族的形成时间，那汉为例，最多是5千年，也有可能只有3.5千年，而
其主流Y-DNA的O3有2.5-3万年，其它大的Y-DNA的形成时间也类似，所以使用大的Y-DNA
haplogroups来判断“北方少数民族融入汉族“"意义不大，因为搞不清楚是汉民族形成
之初就有的，如一些Q，就被认为可能是原汉藏人群就有了（远在汉民族形成之前），... 阅读全帖 |
|
h*i
发帖数: 3446 | 29 算了，我还是给你科普一下。
基因树是如何排的？是根据一些独特的突变来排的。越老的基因突变，共享这个突变的
基因就越多。为啥说人类是非洲起源的，就是因为非洲以外的所有人都共享一个突变，
在非洲内部，有的人这个突变，有的人没有，学术上就说非洲的基因分化最高。
现在说N。N的定义是具有突变M231的Y基因组。当然，M231出现以后，突变继续发生，
所以N下面还有很多分支。有的突变更老，就离N这个树的根更近，被N下面更多的基因
共享，其起源地的基因分化就会更高。
如果N起源于芬兰，那么，芬兰N的分化就会最高。但事实是反过来的，芬兰人的N基因
分化最低。芬兰人的N都共享一个突变M178，这是在N基因树一片
叶子的地方，离根还差几步，这之间有其他的突变发生，所以说，芬兰不是N的起点
，而是终点。
而在别的地方，比如东南亚，N基因的分化最高，各种N下面的分支都有，所以说东南亚
是N的起源地。
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haplogroup_N-M231#N-M178
Y-chromosomes that display the M231 mutation that d... 阅读全帖 |
|
i***z
发帖数: 7508 | 30 他那里有道理？ 你是不是善于精神胜利法？
给你一段文献你看看，看看你能不能看懂？如果O3代表汉族， 那更加表示这个O3基因
不是来源于黄帝一脉。
Although Haplogroup O3 appears to be primarily associated with Chinese
populations, it also forms a significant component of the Y-chromosome
diversity of most modern populations of the East Asian region. Haplogroup O3
is found in over 50% of all modern Chinese males (with frequency ranging
from 30/101 = 29.7% among Pinghua-speaking Hans in Guangxi[8] to 110/148 =
74.3% among Hans in Changting, Fujian[9]), about 40% of Ma |
|
b********n
发帖数: 38600 | 31 http://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/world-war-two/7961211/Hitler
By Heidi Blake
6:25AM BST 24 Aug 2010
Saliva samples taken from 39 relatives of the Nazi leader show he may have
had biological links to the “subhuman” races that he tried to exterminate
during the Holocaust.
Jean-Paul Mulders, a Belgian journalist, and Marc Vermeeren, a historian,
tracked down the Fuhrer’s relatives, including an Austrian farmer who was
his cousin, earlier this year.
A chromosome called Haplogroup E1b1b1 which show... 阅读全帖 |
|
t******e
发帖数: 2504 | 32 文化有很大差别， yes, 但不是什么自古，因为游牧文化的出现是很近晚的事情。
基因上有区别，但也就是比例不同而已。 使用DNA Y haplogroup 来解释民族区别要倍
加小心，因为民族一般就几千年，甚至几百年，而Y haplogroup有上万年，所以一个民
族特别是大的民族的Y一般都是混合的, 可能某个Y占优势一点。
目前测到的史前古Y,北亚以N/Q为主，到蒙古时代是C3/O3为主了； 原始汉藏O3可能占
绝对优势（喜玛拉雅的现在的一些部族O3接近100%), 而现代中国O3有50%，C3也有5-20
%。 |
|
m********3
发帖数: 3280 | 33 Y chromosome haplogroup Q1a1 is found almost only in Han Chinese populations
. However, it has not been found in ancient Han Chinese samples until now.
Thus, the origin of haplogroup Q1a1 in Han Chinese is still obscure. This
study attempts to provide answer to this question, and to uncover the origin
and paternal genetic structure of the ancestors of the Han Chinese. |
|
l*******1
发帖数: 16217 | 34 古埃及法老Y-DNA测试: 从“R1b”图坦卡蒙到“E1b1a”拉姆西斯三世
从炎黄文明体系出发，推测古埃及王室为Q系，底层民众有黑种人E系和白种人闪族J系
等。
这种推测受到的主要挑战是中东DNA测试Q系详细数据的不完整，甚至是保密状态或者阴
谋论状态。这种保密性体现在：
相关北非Q系数据不入有关基因测试数据库，虽然已知北非有不少Q，今天埃及也有大约
2-3%的Q
2001年初开始或在中东和中美洲发现Q1a1，当然包括埃及地域，但是后来这一发现却被
有关方面故意掩盖了。相关论文见：Sengupta et al. 2006, Spencer-Wells et al.
2001, Underhill etal. 2000等论文显示：Q1a1分布在从中东到亚洲的区域。(
Distributed throughout the Middle East andAsia, including Chinese, Korean,
Dungan,and Hazara populations)
埃及政府已经声明古埃及法老基因测试只能有古埃及政府控制执行。且拒绝公布任何古
埃及法老的基因信息。
稍微有点正... 阅读全帖 |
|
发帖数: 1 | 35 Haplogroup L 180,000 Years Ago
If every person living today could trace his or her maternal line back over
thousands of generations, all of our lines would meet at a single woman who
lived in eastern Africa between 150,000 and 200,000 years ago. Though she
was one of perhaps thousands of women alive at the time, only the diverse
branches of her haplogroup have survived to today. The story of your
maternal line begins with her. |
|
c*****g
发帖数: 66 | 36
对你而言，如果你只生一个，确实是。对你儿子而言，他从你老婆那里还拿了一半，所
以他不缺什么。对人类而言，只要群体足够大，不丢失。
你可以认为全人类就那么几条。这个几可能是很大的数字，但是基本上可以归结为几个
大的group，group内部区别不大。
同(
有基因突变的，y-chromosome的haplogroup基本上就是突变产生的。因为人类的交配有
地理上的分离，所以往往某些haplogroup只在某些地方出现，你和你的后代都在一个地
方生活，你的Y就一直留在那里了。
这个adam的两个儿子是概念上的两个儿子，应该理解为经过了很长时间后，那个y-
chromosomal adam产生的两个和adam不一样的后代，不是adam生了俩儿子和他不一样。
如果那样, 那肯定是别的原因，这个你懂的。
y chromosome可能会和x chromosome重组，这个比较少见。但是应该不会和自己重组（
因为只有一条），这个应该是很罕见的。
你可以把线粒体dna理解成和y是一样的遗传方式，线粒体隔代可不减半，这里不存在减
数分裂。 |
|
R*****d
发帖数: 1148 | 37 众所周知(你要是不知道，就别往下看了)，Y染色体是传男不传女的，而且同其他染
色体发生基因交换的程度很低，所以在分子生物学上，他可以用来追溯某人的男性
祖先。按照学术界当前的主流意见，全体现存人类的Y染色体拥有一个共同的祖先，
这就是六到十万年前，诞生于非洲西南部的某个男人。西方人称之为“亚当”，不
过我觉得或许“科伊(Khoi)”这个名字更合适。“Khoi”是纳米比亚最原始的土著
的族名，即，“男人中的男人”，这个民族也就是电影当中
的土著居民。“科伊”的后代走出了非洲，经过好几万年的演化变迁，产生了具有
不同远近的亲缘关系的各类Y染色体谱系群(haplogroup, 这个词在学术上应该译为
“单倍型类群”，但是为了简单化，我只好换个名字了)。有关“科伊”的这些后代
之间的亲疏远近，可以由下面这个树状图表示(这个图看不清楚没关系，可以先跳过
去往后看)：
虽然这张图比较模糊，但我们还是可以从中看出各个类型的Y染色体之间的亲缘关系。
举例来说，如果把N型和O型看作“亲兄弟”，那么他们同P，Q，R三种类型之间的关
系也许就可以被称作是“堂兄弟”。亲 |
|
a****t
发帖数: 7049 | 38 我上面贴连接了。
Abstract
The prehistoric peopling of East Asia by modern humans remains controversial
with respect to early population migrations. Here, we present a systematic
sampling and genetic screening of an East Asian–specific Y-chromosome
haplogroup (O3-M122) in 2,332 individuals from diverse East Asian
populations. Our results indicate that the O3-M122 lineage is dominant in
East Asian populations, with an average frequency of 44.3%. The
microsatellite data show that the O3-M122 haplotypes in |
|
S*******C
发帖数: 7325 | 39 ☆─────────────────────────────────────☆
aptget (apt) 于 (Tue Jul 27 23:27:24 2010, 美东) 提到:
二楼
☆─────────────────────────────────────☆
aptget (apt) 于 (Tue Jul 27 23:39:10 2010, 美东) 提到:
黄的是通用语，绿的也是汉语，其他颜色的不是
修改了一下的新版本：
http://tinyurl.com/23d42vv
附件里是老版本：
☆─────────────────────────────────────☆
daigaku (๑۩۞۩๑) 于 (Wed Jul 28 00:01:09 2010, 美东) 提到:
你那个“北语”是从哪冒出来的啊
☆─────────────────────────────────────☆
aptget (apt) 于 (Wed Jul 28 00:08:33 2010, 美东) 提到... 阅读全帖 |
|
c**i
发帖数: 6973 | 40 Nicholas Wade, Finding on Finding on Dialects Casts New Light on the Origins
of the Japanese People. New York Times, May 4, 2011
http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/04/world
/asia/04language.html?scp=1&sq=japan%20dialects&st=cse
(Japanese "language is descended from that of the rice-growing farmers who
arrived in Japan from the Korean Peninsula, and not from the hunter-
gatherers who first inhabited the islands some 30,000 years ago")
My comment:
(a)
(i) Jōmon period
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C5... 阅读全帖 |
|
h*i
发帖数: 3446 | 41 Of course, the original idea of farming is a farming of particular plant. It
is just the original plant was neither rice nor wheat. It was something
much more primitive, because both wheat and rice were already highly
cultivated. Therefore, the farming of wheat in Western Asia was not the
original farming. Your 反正 does not work at all.
My theory: it is likely that farming was invented around 40000 years ago in
southwestern Asia, together with the rise of haplogroup IJK. All the known
advanced fa... 阅读全帖 |
|
c*****1
发帖数: 3240 | 42 这个IJK理论是你自创的还是其他人的，如果是您自己请给个详细的说明，如果是他人
请给个ref，否则一会有人说一万年前新月富地是农业的唯一起源；一会又有其他人说
四万年前的亚洲，很容易混淆概念。
还请注意你关于这个理论是否科学的反证推理是非常不完备的，类似的推理还有两万年
前O型血人发明了农业
Of course, the original idea of farming is a farming of particular plant. It
is just the original plant was neither rice nor wheat. It was something
much more primitive, because both wheat and rice were already highly
cultivated. Therefore, the farming of wheat in Western Asia was not the
original farming. Your 反正 does not work at all.
My theory: it ... 阅读全帖 |
|
h*i
发帖数: 3446 | 43 Most likely, the original people in China were driven to remote areas. They
are what we now call minorities.
The DNA evidence is very clear: Chinese males are mostly of haplogroup O3,
which is much newer than many minorities, who are of group C (Mongol, Manchu
) or D (Qiang, some Tibetan, Miao, etc.). |
|
|
V****n
发帖数: 651 | 45 日本人分典型的两个人种。阿伊努人是本地人（类似台湾本地人），长得跟普通东亚人
不太一样。他们男性YDNA主要D型。两千年前日本突然出现新文化，一般认为来自中国
大陆（山东，朝鲜半岛）移民，甚至有文章论证日本的第一任天皇就是徐福本人。除了
D以外，日本人其它的YDNA haplogroup还是跟中国人很接近的。 |
|
d******a
发帖数: 32122 | 46 “日本人其它的YDNA haplogroup还是跟中国人很接近的。”
日本人跟棒子更接近 |
|
R*****d
发帖数: 1148 | 47 按照维基上的说法，目前埃及的木乃伊貌似还没有检测出结果，无论是Y还是线粒体：
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_DNA-tested_mummies
我去pubmed和google scholar上用Pharaoh，ancient Egyptian，mummy，Y haplogroup
mitochondria，等等排列组合搜了一下，貌似没有任何实质性的结果。
这里倒是有一篇英文论坛上的文章，两年前发表的，我依稀记得当时国内某论坛也跟风
讨论过。此文宣称图坦卡蒙等人的男性谱系是R1b，但却不是中东走廊-尼罗河下游相对
常见的R1b1a，而是当地较稀薄的R1b1b2。然而作者又说“not yet published
officially”，这就不得而知了。。。
Pharaoh Tutankhamun, Akhenaten and Amenhotep III were R1b
The Egyptians have tested autosomal and Y-DNA markers of three Pharaohs
of the 18th ... 阅读全帖 |
|
|
R*****d
发帖数: 1148 | 49 是的。目前对于长城以南，新石器-青铜时代的中国古人的基因检测，已经有所结果，
虽然并不十分全面。这是2007年发表在Human Genetics上的复旦的论文（就是国内“分
子人类学”爱好者们熟知的金力李辉等人），Y chromosomes of prehistoric people
along the Yangtze River：
http://www.springerlink.com/content/f1234473n7261m8w/
全文可在此处下载，不过这个网站貌似是非官方的，呵呵：
http://comonca.org.cn/lh/Doc/A37.pdf
研究者们检测了中国境内，特别是长江中下游地区，在现有的古人类文化遗址上挖掘到
的，56件分属不同个体的古人类遗骨的Y染色体谱系。附图可以说是对此论文成果的简
洁概括。从图中我们可以看出，位于山西境内的，属于龙山文化范畴，距今约为四千年
的陶寺遗址，其被分析样品全部属于东亚本土的O系，而且均为当今中国密度最高的O3
。对于长江流域的古人类（其实不能叫“古人类”了，应该叫“古人”，他们很可能就
是我们的祖先，你看吴城文化已经位于... 阅读全帖 |
|
l*****e
发帖数: 416 | 50 First, you are misleading. Haplogroup Q may be one of the most widely
distributed Y-chromosome lineages in the modern world, it has been found
everywhere except sub-Sahara Africa. It is quite normal to find a little Q
in both Egyptian and Chinese.
Second, the so-called "one proposal of the Egyptian Theory" is wrong. Q1a1,
which is the only Q sub-group prevailing in Han and Hui Chinese, is
restricted to East Asia. Q sub-groups found in North Africa are either Q1a2
or Q1a3. These three sub-groups ... 阅读全帖 |
|
