l*******e
发帖数: 170 | 1 naive T遇到antigen活化以后生长增殖，这个时候就产生了Memory CD8+ T，还是等大
部分Effector CD8 T死光了，存活的小部分Effector CD8 T由于微环境的变化和基因的
表达变化，演变成了Memory CD8+ T？ |
|
r******g
发帖数: 600 | 2 Different groups have very different views.
Some papers showed that they are pre-programmed to be memory. Others show
that effectors evolve into memory.
Regarding the end results, why does this matter though? |
|
E**********t
发帖数: 56 | 3 Xuebiao Yao, Dasheng Li and Gang Pei recently wrote an essay to Nature
Review in MCB Which is entitled “In focus: molecular and cell biology
research in China”. Here is the link: http://www.nature.com/nrm/journal/v14/n9/full/nrm3638.html In this article, they discussed the past, present and future of molecular and cell biology research in China. One part which interested me is the key MCB discoveries in China. Although most of the work are nice and likely solid work, few of them are breakthrough... 阅读全帖 |
|
发帖数: 1 | 4 哥再和你科普下下CD8CTL怎么来的 ，CD8表面TCR识别特异的病毒抗原（注意是特异！
）被Th1作用形成effector CTL和记忆CTL，effector CTL和MHC I提呈的感染细胞病毒
抗原结合， 打孔或者通过FAS途径促使感染细胞凋亡 这么一个简单的过程 你居然觉得
这是innate immunity function 而不是adaptive？我说你基础知识太差 通篇常识错误
，懂了吗？
算哥闲的慌 哈哈
快） |
|
a*t
发帖数: 2596 | 5 最近好像买琴的人很多，类似的问题也多，我来简单介绍一下不同的
接法。
一套有代表性的系统如下。括号代表optional. 在这里，preamp 如果和power amp
合在一起，那就是head。在guitar rig里面，你可以找到很多名牌head的模拟。
preamp, power amp 和 cab合在一起 就叫combo.
也有些preamp把effector造在一起，比如POD.
总的来说guitar preamp从根本上决定吉他的音色, 其次是琴，power amp, cab等。
effector 可以加混响，延迟等效果。
guitar rig 虽然没有power amp和 cab, 但是它可以模拟不同的power amp和cab
对声音产生的影响，也就是它可以模拟下图中从guitar到recorder之间的东西。
大部分合成效果器，比如GNX系列，跟guitar rig的功能一样。不过用guitar rig
的话，就牵扯到声卡的输入是不是行的问题。我个人建议，如果花几十块搞个
small tube preamp (这种preamp不是guitar preamp,这种就是用 |
|
y****i
发帖数: 2108 | 6 2011年1月的commentary review.
把结论部分给你摘出来：
The important message 。。。 is that the functional results 。。。are
less
favorable 。。。compared with the excellent reports of Xiao [1].
only one of eight sacral nerves innervating the bladder with at best
20–30%
of the total sacral parasympathetic outflow to the urinary bladder is
activated on stimulation for initiation of micturition.
The authors’ plea is noteworthy, to continue scientific evaluation of
the
risks and the benefits of this procedure before it may... 阅读全帖 |
|
y***v
发帖数: 270 | 7 你们看看： 比较长，
转一篇文章。让事实为肖传国说话
转自：虹桥科教论坛 http://www.rainbowplan.org/bbs/topic.php?topic=114563&select=&forum=1
有人在散仙谷转了一篇文章。应该把这篇文章广为转发。让当局和国内不明真相的人民
都知道肖传国的医学探索的价值。方舟子夹私打假必然会被钉在科学的耻辱柱上。
“肖氏反射弧”真相解析
肖传国教授在世界上第一个提出并证实 “人工建立体神经-内脏神经反射弧” 用于治
疗各种脊髓损伤导致的排尿障碍。这一发现在肖传国与方舟子之间挑起了一场科学与反
科学长达五年的论战。为帮助公众了解这场论战的事实真相，本文首先从学术角度根据
科学文献和科学事实对“肖氏反射弧”作一番解析。
反射是神经支配机体生理机能的基本方式。反射弧一般由感受器，传入神经，反射中枢
，传出神经和效应器组成。正常的排尿反射由位于脑干和大脑皮层的高级排尿中枢控制
达骶髓的排尿反射初级中枢完成。膀胱充盈时，膀胱壁的牵张感受器受到刺激而兴奋。
冲动传入高级中枢产生排尿欲。中枢经过判断认为可以排尿，于是发出神经冲动沿下行
传导束到脊髓初... 阅读全帖 |
|
S*****3
发帖数: 720 | 8 “中国百篇最具影响优秀国际学术论文” 评选所选论文代表了我国科技论文发展的最
高水平。论文源为前一年被SCI（科学引文索引）收录的中国论文。评选综合考虑发表
论文的期刊水平（影响因子和单篇引用次数）、论文类型、热点论文、论文的合作强度
、参考文献数和论文的完整性等方面。
其中生物类包括：
论文题目: Acute promyelocytic leukemia: from highly fatal to highly
curable
论文作者: Wang, Zhen-Yi; Chen, Zhu
所属机构: 上海交通大学医学院瑞金医院
来源期刊: BLOOD, 2008, 111(5):2505-2515
被引次数: 29
作者简介：
陈竺
卫生部部长，中国科学院院士，博士生导师
白血病系统生物学研究组组长
论文题目: Sorting of small RNAs into Arabidopsis argonaute complexes
is directed by the 5 ' terminal nucleotide
论... 阅读全帖 |
|
w***7
发帖数: 1637 | 9 source：http://bbs.netbig.com/thread-2491712-1-2.html
看了一下，今年不错啊，和清华并驾齐驱。
而且下半年我知道的还有两篇NS。
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
1.
Yuan W, Wu T, Fu H, Dai C, Wu H, Liu N, Li X, Xu M, Zhang Z, Niu T, Han Z,
Chai J, Zhou XJ, Gao S, Zhu B
Dense Chromatin Activates Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 to Regulate H3
Lysine 27 Methylation
Science, DOI: 10.1126/science.1225237, Aug. 24, 2012
2.
Liu B, Du H, Rutkowski R, Gartner A, Wang X
LAAT-1 Is the Lysosomal Lysine/Arginine Transporter That Maintains Amino
Acid Homeostasis
S... 阅读全帖 |
|
s*****g
发帖数: 87 | 10 Reprod Fertil Dev. 2012 Dec;25(1):312. doi: 10.1071/RDv25n1Ab328.
328 versatile transcription activator-like effector nuclease (talen)-
mediated engineering of ossabaw miniature Swine.
Carlson DF, Tan W, Fahrenkrug SC.
----------------------------------------------------------
Reprod Fertil Dev. 2012 Dec;25(1):316. doi: 10.1071/RDv25n1Ab337.
337 nonmeiotic introgression of quantitative trait nucleotides and
correction of congenital mutations in livestock with transcription activator
-like effect... 阅读全帖 |
|
k******0
发帖数: 1073 | 11 CNS灌水大牛11g的文章应用率低得好像有些可怜，2009年的文章还被引用不到50，即使
2011，12的较新文章，引用率也很低。离国际大牛还远着。
1. [PDF] Serine/threonine phosphatases: mechanism through structure
Y Shi - Cell, 2009 - bio.ijs.si
Cited by 236
2. Structure and mechanism of an amino acid antiporter
…, L Zhou, S Dang, L Sun, X Li, J Wang, Y Shi - Science …, 2009 -
Cited by 84
3. Structural basis for sequence-specific recognition of DNA by TAL
effectors
Cited by 51
4. Structure of a presenilin family intramembrane aspartate protease
X Li, S Dang, C Yan,... 阅读全帖 |
|
k******0
发帖数: 1073 | 12 根据google scholar， CNS灌水大牛11g的文章应用率低得好像有些可怜，2009年的文
章还被引用不到50，即使2011，12的较新文章，引用率也很低。离国际大牛还远着。
1. [PDF] Serine/threonine phosphatases: mechanism through structure
Y Shi - Cell, 2009 - bio.ijs.si
Cited by 236
2. Structure and mechanism of an amino acid antiporter
…, L Zhou, S Dang, L Sun, X Li, J Wang, Y Shi - Science …, 2009 -
Cited by 84
3. Structural basis for sequence-specific recognition of DNA by TAL
effectors
Cited by 51
4. Structure of a presenilin family intramembrane aspartate protease
X ... 阅读全帖 |
|
o**4
发帖数: 35028 | 13 一公超过1000的还真没有，似乎都是review：
这些事一公引用率前4的文章，似乎都是review：
Mechanisms of TGF-β signaling from cell membrane to the nucleus
Y Shi, J Massagué - Cell, 2003 - Elsevier
TGF-β signaling controls a plethora of cellular responses and figures
prominently in animal
development. Recent cellular, biochemical, and structural studies have
revealed significant
insight into the mechanisms of the activation of TGF-β receptors through
ligand binding, ...
Cited by 3259 Related articles All 25 versions Cite
The galvaniza... 阅读全帖 |
|
t******n
发帖数: 33 | 14 First, thank you very much for any suggestions on this problem.
I am running ADCC assay with human NK cells activated by IL-2 overnight. I
got ~100% killing of the target cells when cultured with activated NK cells
even without antibody, please refer to the data below.
________________________________________________________________
Target cells were labeled with Europium.
Target cells+ Effector cells (no antibody treatment)
average 338662
Target cells+ Effector cell... 阅读全帖 |
|
t*******t
发帖数: 301 | 15 For motion control of robot arm or legs, first you need to compute the
backward kinematic. Basically you want to compute the joint angles
according to the target location of the end-effector. It involves some
matrix operating if you have multiple joints. Then you can have a simple
controller to control the joints with encode feedback. Certainly if you
have devices such as vision system to measure the end-effector, you can do
more complicated control.
Sometimes, people include the trajectory |
|
c***s
发帖数: 70028 | 16 王铮亮 资料图
亿万观众引颈期待的马年央视春晚隆重上演，少城时代歌手王铮亮首度受邀帅气亮相，自弹自唱《时间都去哪儿了》，充满感染力的“走心”演绎令不少观众当场感动落泪，成为春晚最大亮点。
王铮亮身着Ports 1961白色西装套装帅气登场，搭配Effector全手工眼镜与Marc Jacobs亮蓝色皮鞋，意气风发，王铮亮还特别蓄须，男人味十足，伴以白色钢琴自弹自唱，时尚度与帅度破表，令人印象尤为深刻。演唱时，舞台背景展示着网络名人大萌子的“30年父女合影”，30张照片凝聚30年父女情，引人深思，王铮亮同时倾情献唱《时间都去哪儿了》，“时间都去哪儿了？还没好好感受年轻就老了，生儿养女一辈子，满脑子都是孩子哭了笑了……”真挚而平实的歌词引爆观众共鸣与泪点，对亲情的浓浓呼唤瞬间钻心入肺，“走心”的演绎催人泪下，现场不少观众当场感动落泪，连主持人张国立也表示歌曲十分“揪心”。王铮亮的演唱再度引发网络热议，网友纷纷转发分享这首歌曲，并称赞《时间都去哪儿了》是马年央视春晚最感人节目。
《时间都去哪儿了》原本是热播电视剧《老牛家的战争》主题曲，由知名音乐人董冬冬与陈曦夫妇共同创作，去年年底作为冯小刚... 阅读全帖 |
|
s****n
发帖数: 8912 | 17 【 以下文字转载自 Biology 讨论区 】
发信人: atuma (atuma), 信区: Biology
标 题: 颜宁研究团队成功背后的故事：有梦想才有辉煌
发信站: BBS 未名空间站 (Sat Jul 5 11:12:53 2014, 美东)
非常鼓舞：
http://www.jyb.cn/high/gdjyxw/201406/t20140606_584695.html
有梦想才有辉煌——颜宁研究团队成功背后的故事
葡萄糖，地球生物最重要的能量来源。它，究竟如何进入细胞？100多年来，多少
科学家为之着迷。
6月5日，英国《自然》杂志揭开了这个源自生命内部的奥秘：由37岁的中国科学家
、清华大学医学院教授颜宁率领的80后、90后年轻团队首次成功解析了人源葡萄糖转运
蛋白GLUT1的晶体结构和工作机理。
“要针对人类疾病开发药物，获得人源转运蛋白至关重要，因此，这是一项伟大的
成就。”2012年诺贝尔化学奖得主布莱恩·克比尔卡为之惊叹。
“学术界对于GLUT1的结构研究已有半个世纪之久，而颜宁在世界上第一个获得了
GLUT1的晶体结构！从某种程度上说，她战胜了过去50年从... 阅读全帖 |
|
S***J
发帖数: 1210 | 18 云老师发了个贴说清华目前的找人标准，很多人不相信。特地调研了一下清华生命学院
最近回去的人的情况，如云老师所说，绝大多数都有2cns，如果只有一篇cns，那基本
上还有>2的子刊。这个不仅仅局限于胖老师经常说的结构生物学，而是所有方向都基本
如此。
当然这些新回去的绝大部分都是千青（有些不是的是因为回去那一年千青还没开始）。
网页上的Title有的是教授，有的是研究员，估计当时还没有统一。但校内一律都是副
教授，也就是相当于这边的AP。我还特地打听了一下，国内的TT制度好像没有Tenured
Associate这一档，清华5年考核通过了就是正经的full professor。
有些老师看不上国内的科研，我就仅列出两位回国后的publication，咱就不说颜宁等
这种Early T的个例了。说两个没太有名气的，还没有评上T的，各位老师可以参考一下
，看看自己有没有别人这么productive。
一. Guangshuo Ou （11年回国，千青）
Select item 25342559
1.CYLD mediates ciliogenesis in multiple organs b... 阅读全帖 |
|
a*****s
发帖数: 2663 | 19 With 100 bucks it is hard to recommend anything that can bring the value out
of your condenser. If you can live without effects or if you are using
effects from your computer, then Mackie 402 VLZ3 is your best choice. If you
need build in effects and are willing to double your budget, you can check
out soundcraft 124FX, yamaha MG82cx, mackie proFx8 etc.If you are not very
budget sensitive and want something simple and nice get A&H ZED-10FX.
If you are like me who love the Mackie preamp, get 402 ... 阅读全帖 |
|
a*****s
发帖数: 2663 | 20 Poweramp, speakers and display are the easy part. Sound card，microphone,
preamp, mixer, effector/processors, compressors and limiters, and maybe
power conditioner are important too especially if you want high quality
sound. Also don't forget necessary acoustic treatment of the basement. The
only thing I liked in you list so far is the mic. I am a happy user of
beta58a. |
|
a*****s
发帖数: 2663 | 21 Poweramp, speakers and display are the easy part. Sound card，microphone,
preamp, mixer, effector/processors, compressors and limiters, and maybe
power conditioner are important too especially if you want high quality
sound. Also don't forget necessary acoustic treatment of the basement. The
only thing I liked in you list so far is the mic. I am a happy user of
beta58a. |
|
a*****s
发帖数: 2663 | 22 All karaoke mixers are simply junks. I haven't found anything against my
conclusion yet. Price is not a factor here, if it is a real performer why
would they name it "karaoke xxx"? You are absolutely right, stay away from
that ebay shit esp those from acekaraoke. The mackie 402 is a good one but
you may need effector processors to help blend your vocal into the music.
Among them, reverb effects are the most wanted in karaoke. So what you can
do is get a new/used nanoverb to add some reverb effec... 阅读全帖 |
|
f*******3
发帖数: 122 | 23 RE: Applicant’s Name
To Whom It May Concern:
I am XXXXXXXX at the XXXXX. XXXXX is renowned for the quality of its
research and innovation and our research is conducted in the areas of
cutting-edge XXXX science. Previously, I held the position of Associate
Professor at ____________________ Institute. My research focuses on
XXXXXXXXX. I have written XXXXX of papers having been published in several
prestigious journals and I have given numerous presentations at
international conferences. For ... 阅读全帖 |
|
f**********7
发帖数: 1139 | 24 two papers
Title 1: SYSMEX UF-1000i IN RAPID DIAGNOSIS OF ACUTE URINARY TRACT
INFECTIONS AND PRELIMINARY DIFFERENTIATION BETWEEN GRAM POSITIVE AND GRAM
NEGATIVE BACTERIA
Title 2: Characterization of early immune events influencing the disparate
induction of effector T cells by Core and NS3 antigens of Hepatitis C Virus
(HCV)
感兴趣的请把姓名，学校的邮箱，学校名称，研究方向，发给我。
只是推荐，不能保证能选上，谢谢 |
|
z*******7
发帖数: 178 | 25 反射弧（reflex arc）分为感受器（receptor）、传入神经、神经中枢、传出神经、效
应器（effector）五个部分。任何反射活动都要通过反射弧才能实现。 |
|
p******s
发帖数: 938 | 26 U can practice some slap and pop, they are so cool, hehe.
Metal bass seems to be always simple, always stick to the root notes. Red Hot
Chili Peppers' bass is so great. So is the bass in "U ought to know". Many UK
bands' bass stuff are good too, like the Cure.
Do you know what's the purpose of bass effector? |
|
g****l
发帖数: 17 | 27
I bought this pack at the end of last year for $200. Wrote a review on
music123.com. I saw some other online store sells it at $190.
Good start kit for beginners. OLP guitar is soso. Fret buzzing on two strings.
GuitarPort is wonderful for beginners especially for dummy like me with no
e-guitar knowldge at all. I can try many effects such as Wah, reverb, delap
etc so that I can save money on them if I gave up later. I don't have any
amp/effectors. This is fun to try. To be honest, I am not that |
|
a*t
发帖数: 2596 | 28 ☆─────────────────────────────────────☆
UnameMe (家里蹲-扫地僧-树上男爵) 于 (Tue Jul 31 19:11:00 2007) 提到:
我把我的电脑音箱接在效果器上，好像除了功率低点，感觉差别不大。
是不是乐器的音箱主要是做得紧凑方便移动？
☆─────────────────────────────────────☆
art (如是我闻) 于 (Tue Jul 31 20:23:26 2007) 提到:
你是指guita amp?
跟家用构造的很不一样, 出来的效果也不一样.
你这种接法相当于,guitar -> effector -> mixer -> power amp -> speaker.
这个主要是在效果器里面有个guitar amp模拟, 模拟的了guitar amp要做的事情,
然后直接输出了,所以听上去差别不大.
其实差别蛮大的,如果你真的听好的guitar amp的效果来比较的话.
☆─────────────────────────────────────☆
clapton (蹲在 |
|
|
a*t
发帖数: 2596 | 30 lol
现在不行了, LD管得太严了,不过如果这个东西有pre-amp, effector 和
power amp, 那真是简化了很多啊,我可以把现有的三样卖了,换成这个. |
|
A******1
发帖数: 786 | 31 Far from any kind of Cow.
Per your question, it depends on what type of music you like to play
A decent electric guitar will be around 600 bucks, if go up to $1500, you
could have a lot very good choices.
For electric guitar, you had to have some kind of amps. There are three
options
1. Real amp (tube amp), entry level, around 300-500
2. Effector, such as HD500X, around 300-500
3. Software effect, amplitube, etc, around 150 for a decent Audio interface
Also you can try some AI which used on iOS,... 阅读全帖 |
|
d********n
发帖数: 3477 | 32 金属。。。。感觉还没到能学blue,jazz神马的阶段。。。。。
就是能像样弹几段riff和solo就很开心了。。。。
$600 for a decent electric guitar seems reasonable, any suggestions on the
brand?
有个很烂的amp。。。。amp和effector区别很大么。。。。。。
interface |
|
A******1
发帖数: 786 | 33 Metal guitar, probably Shredmaster knows more.
Metal guitar rely more on pickup and amp, not much on wood.
ESP is probably the most popular brand for metal.
Real amp need to be cranked up to have good sound (tube amp), not
recommended if living in apt. Also to record it, you need to mic it then
record via an AI.
Effector usually also work as an AI using USB to connect with PC, so you can
directly record it. |
|
x********u
发帖数: 15396 | 34 not a short article, but it's worth reading it
http://healthypets.mercola.com/sites/healthypets/archive/2013/1
Is Your Pet Receiving Any of These Useless Vaccines?
By Dr. Becker
Today I have a very special guest returning for a second time to talk with
us and give us the tremendous benefit of his knowledge, Dr. Ronald Schultz.
Dr. Schultz heads up the Department of Pathobiological Sciences at the
University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Veterinary Medicine. He’s joining
me today on behalf of an... 阅读全帖 |
|
s******y
发帖数: 28562 | 35 For example,the selection and cloning of the nanobody is more complicated.
The downstream effectors is also more complicated because |
|
w******e
发帖数: 1187 | 36 thx for sharing. that makes a lot of sense.
I have a very reductionist view on this: Western medicine is very good at
fighting fire w/ fire -- for example, if a patient develops cancer at
one part of the body, then just cut off that part. The basic idea is to
get rid of the immediate upstream "effector" of the disease. It certainly
doesn't cure the root of the disease, but it works reasonably well in
extending patiend life in many cases. Now to take that view to an extreme,
when it's not possibl |
|
H*****e
发帖数: 120 | 37 My two cents:
1. To be a reviewer, one should be somewhat established or recommended.
Once getting in, there will be more and more coming. Frankly, to review
manuscript is a very heavy job.
2. When you are on vocation, editor also on vocation. Not necessary to say
there will be advantage in holidays in my experience.
3. To be a fresh reviewer like study section member, the first few times may
not counted by editor but rather examined by them. So be careful and spend
effector on it. If there... 阅读全帖 |
|
r****i
发帖数: 323 | 38 J Recept Signal Transduct Res. 2010 Dec;30(6):372-5. Epub 2010 Aug 23.
On the roles of Mg in the activation of G proteins.
Birnbaumer L, Zurita AR.
Laboratory of Neurobiology, National Institute of Environmental Health
Sciences, NIH, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, NC27709, USA. birnbau1@niehs.
nih.gov
Abstract
In this review, we highlight the evolution of our knowledge about the way Mg
(2+) participates in the activation of heterotrimeric G proteins, beginning
with its requirement in hormonal sti... 阅读全帖 |
|
c**n
发帖数: 73 | 39 Check a paper in the most recent issue of immunity.
Intravital Imaging Reveals Limited Antigen Presentation and T Cell Effector
Function in Mycobacterial Granulomas |
|
i*****g
发帖数: 11893 | 40 这个东西就是engineering思路，不幸的是，碰上了生物这个系统，死
T B DC细胞，不就是这么出来的么，antigen-receptor---effector cascade--clonal
growth--detection under microscope
体外能完成这个么？显然不能，
体内的有一些，如Y2H，FRET，
但技术都不好用，所有生物技术，大概除了分子克隆，都是通用性很差的 & low
efficiency |
|
d****7
发帖数: 109 | 41 check these two cell papers:
Quantitative Interaction Proteomics and Genome-wide Profiling of Epigenetic
Histone Marks and Their Readers
SHREC, an effector complex for heterochromatic transcriptional silencing |
|
x********u
发帖数: 430 | 42 I have constructed several gene circuits and got some unpredictable data (
Please open the link for the attached figure)
P: inducible promoter
P': constitutive promoter
X1 and X2: protein binding site (which will affect the expression level of
eGFP when the regulator protein binds them)
R1 and R2: putative regulator protein for sequence X1 and X2, respectively
eGFP: enhanced green fluorescence protein/reporter gene
A broad range of inducer concentration which known to bind effector R1 and
abolis... 阅读全帖 |
|
z*t
发帖数: 863 | 43 Beutler得奖，Medzhitov会不会有意见？
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1074761309002
Ruslan Medzhitov
This year marks the 20th anniversary of a publication (Janeway, 1989) that
in many ways revolutionized our understanding of the immune system. As part
of the proceedings of the Cold Spring Harbor Symposium on Immune Recognition
, the paper authored by the late Charles A. Janeway, Jr. was not a standard
peer-reviewed publication. In fact, Charlie used to refer to it as “the
best paper I've ... 阅读全帖 |
|
r***y
发帖数: 25 | 44 It is a quite established field for both neuroscience and engineering
research now. The fundamental was paved by Apostolos P. Georgopoulos (U
Minnesota, http://www.neurosci.umn.edu/faculty/georgopoulos.html) in their papers published in early 1980's about population coding of movement direction in Monkey's motor cortex. Another breakthrough was made by Miguel Nicolelis (Duke U, http://www.nicolelislab.net/) in early 2000's -- manipulate robotic arms/effectors using multi-unit recording in mice a... 阅读全帖 |
|
|
n**********7
发帖数: 29 | 46 你是想看什么的保护作用？测的endpoint是什么？
流感病毒一般引起CD8+ T 细胞的反应：cytotoxicity 或者生成IFN-gamma。
为什么要等28天？28天的时候一般大部分effector CD8+ T 都凋亡了，剩下的是memory
细胞，而且serum里的cytokine浓度应该也很小了，因为infection已经清除了。一般要
引起老鼠对疫苗的反应，好像应该注射三次，一次primary，然后每隔7天注射两次
booster，这样得到的antigen－specific细胞会多一些。
老鼠的splenocyte中大概只有12％是CD8+ T 细胞，并且只有antigen－specific的细胞
会对你注射的病毒起反应，所以看不到保护作用吧。
抗体也会对病毒抗原有反应吧，不过我对b细胞不太了解。
希望能帮到你。 |
|
s*****g
发帖数: 731 | 47 非常感谢各位回答。因为发完贴就回国了，然后签证悲剧的被check了很久，所以没法
上来看贴。
我之前的问题写的不太清楚。
我有一株疫苗，这株疫苗本身的PD50（半保护剂量）是10 PFU。所以1.0e+4 PFU的注射
量，能提供完全的保护作用，可以抗击1000 LD50的野毒challenge （通常challenge是
在接种疫苗后第28天进行）。
所以，committee想知道我们的疫苗为什么能起到保护作用。他们让我做adoptive
transfer。我就尝试了2次。按常规方法，给balb/c male老鼠通过鼻腔接种1.0e+4 PFU
疫苗，在第28天时取serum，把100ul serum在同一天通过眼底静脉打到naive mice里，
24小时后，通过鼻腔注射challenge 5*LD50 的野毒。
按照道理，应该能提供保护，但老鼠都死了。
我又按同样的做法做了一遍，但这次transfer的不是serum，而是2e+7 spleenocytes，
24小时后，仍旧通过鼻腔注射challenge 5*LD50 的野毒。同样的，老鼠全死了。
所以很奇怪一点，同样是在疫苗接... 阅读全帖 |
|
l****y
发帖数: 398 | 48 It is cleared too quickly from the body.
Lacking the constant domain means it cannot activate effector cells. |
|
k****s
发帖数: 1209 | 49 原文在
http://www.skizit.biz/2013/07/21/ecdysone-insect-hormone-an-ind
Ecdysone Insect Hormone Switches on Disease
21 Jul 2013 | ECDYSONE
MORGELLONS:
INSECT HORMONE ECDYSONE TRIGGERS GENETIC CHANGES
TO BUILD NEW HAIR, SKIN, NAILS and CAUSE DISEASES
SkizitGesture-2013
Morgellons is a military grade entomological terror weapon being used to
torture and kill innocent civilians. The medical community has not been
informed about this disease and its complexity keeps it from being properly
identified, ... 阅读全帖 |
|
l**********1
发帖数: 5204 | 50 cited,
>Both zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) and TAL effector nucleases (TALENs)
>can be used to mutagenize genomes at specific loci, but
these systems require two different DNA binding proteins
flanking a sequence of interest, each with a C-terminal
FokI nuclease module. As a result these methods have not
been widely adopted by the plant research community.
from
>Belhaj K et al., (2013).
>Plant genome editing made easy: targeted mutagenesis in model and crop
plants using the CRISPR/Cas >system.
>P... 阅读全帖 |
|
