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WaterWorld版 - Gay Parents More Likely to Have Gay Kids
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相关话题的讨论汇总
话题: gay话题: schumm话题: children话题: parents话题: lesbian
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1 (共1页)
l****z
发帖数: 29846
1
一项对同性恋人群的研究发现,女同性恋父母的子女中58%是同性恋,男同性恋子女是
33%,异性恋父母子女是5-10%;欢迎同性恋的社区里同性恋比例高89%
http://www.aolnews.com/2010/10/17/study-gay-parents-more-likely
Study: Gay Parents More Likely to Have Gay Kids
Oct 17, 2010 – 4:14 PM
Paul Kix Contributor
(Oct. 17) -- Walter Schumm knows what he's about to do is unpopular: publish
a study arguing that gay parents are more likely to raise gay children than
straight parents. But the Kansas State University family studies professor
has a detailed analysis that past almost aggressively ideological
researchers never had.
When one such researcher, Paul Cameron, published a paper in 2006 arguing
that children of gay parents were more likely to be gay themselves, the
response from the academic press was virulent, to say nothing of the popular
press; the Southern Poverty Law Center, for instance, equated Cameron to a
Nazi.
Not all of the vitriol was hyperbolic. Cameron does not tolerate gay people.
He believes that "homosexual practice is injurious to society."
The gay press, as far back as the 1980s, labeled Cameron "the most dangerous
anti-gay voice in America." Though Cameron was the first to publish papers
on the dangers of secondhand smoke, the scientific community has abandoned
him. The American Psychological Association long since dropped him from its
membership for an "ethical" violation.
Today, Cameron is the founder and chairman of the Family Research Institute,
whose "overriding mission" is to publish "empirical research on issues that
threaten the traditional family, particularly homosexuality."
Schumm doesn't go for that sort of research. After Cameron's 2006 paper,
Schumm listened as the academic community stated certainty of two things:
Cameron was an idiotic bigot; and the existing literature showed little to
no societal, cultural or parental influence on sexual orientation.
Schumm began investigating the second premise. "I just want to know the
truth about something," he tells AOL News. And he found it strange that
parents can influence so many facets of their children's lives -- but not in
any way their sexual orientation.
Lawyers for the state of Florida heard of Schumm's fledgling research and
invited him in 2008 to testify in a case. The state's Department of Children
and Families was attempting to uphold a ban on gay and lesbian parents
adopting children. Schumm's testimony actually ended up aiding the gay
parents in the trial.
He said: "Gay parents can be good foster parents," and "The decision to
permit homosexuals to adopt is best made by the judiciary on a case by case
basis."
Schumm tells AOL News that he agreed to testify as one of the state's
witnesses only if his evidence was not "slanted" for or against gay rights.
But also in his testimony was an inkling of the robust research Schumm has
just completed. His study on sexual orientation, out next month, says that
gay and lesbian parents are far more likely to have children who become gay.
"I'm trying to prove that it's not 100 percent genetic," Schumm tells AOL
News.
His study is a meta-analysis of existing work. First, Schumm extrapolated
data from 10 books on gay parenting; Cameron, for what it's worth, had only
looked at three, and offered no statistical analysis in his paper. Schumm
skewed his data so that only self-identified gay and lesbian children would
be labeled as such.
This is important because sometimes Schumm would come across a passage of
children of gay parents who said they were "adamant about not declaring
their sexual orientation at all." These people would be labeled straight,
even though the passage's implication was that they were gay.
Schumm concluded that children of lesbian parents identified themselves as
gay 31 percent of the time; children of gay men had gay children 19 percent
of the time, and children of a lesbian mother and gay father had at least
one gay child 25 percent of the time.
Furthermore, when the study restricted the results so that they included
only children in their 20s -- presumably after they'd been able to work out
any adolescent confusion or experimentation -- 58 percent of the children of
lesbians called themselves gay, and 33 percent of the children of gay men
called themselves gay. (About 5 to 10 percent of the children of straight
parents call themselves gay, Schumm says.)
Schumm next went macro, poring over an anthropological study of various
cultures' acceptance of homosexuality. He found that when communities
welcome gays and lesbians, "89 percent feature higher rates of homosexual
behavior."
Finally, Schumm looked at the existing academic studies, the ones used to
pillory Cameron's work. In all there are 26 such studies. Schumm ran the
numbers from them and concluded that, surprisingly, 20 percent of the kids
of gay parents were gay themselves. When children only 17 or older were
included in the analysis, 28 percent were gay.
Abbie Goldberg is a psychology professor at Clark University, and the author
of "Lesbian and Gay Parents and Their Children: Research on the Family Life
Cycle," which this year won the Distinguished Book Award from the APA. She
hasn't read Schumm's study, only seen the abstract. But she says, in general
, that a meta-analysis of this nature relies on sample sizes that are often
too small and may furthermore brim with participants whose perspective is
firmly aligned with the LGBT community. In other words, they're aware of
these sorts of studies and seek them out.
"The fundamental problem with this [type of meta-analysis] is such samples
tend to be biased," Goldberg tells AOL News.
Schumm says he guarded against that by seeking out so many different works.
And across all his data -- the 10 books he consulted, the anthropological
study, the scientific articles -- he noticed how lesbians begat more
lesbians. In Schumm's study, he quotes from the extant literature the
stories of young women, describing how being gay was never frowned upon in
their household, and so that "option" was available to them. That said,
Schumm also finds evidence of gay mothers pushing their daughters, upset
over a relationship with a man, to "try out women."
But couldn't gay men also tell their sons this? Yes, but Schumm tells AOL
News that most gay men have at some point been with a woman, so they
understand why their sons might date them. Whereas the literature shows some
lesbians "have a hatred of men that's intense," Schumm says.
Schumm says it shouldn't have taken until 2010 to do the meta-analysis. Too
often his colleagues impose "liberal or progressive political
interpretations" on their studies, which inhibit further inquiry. "It's kind
of sad," he tells AOL News.
As if expecting a political backlash himself, Schumm concludes his study
with a quote from philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer. "All truth passes through
three stages: First it is ridiculed. Second, it is violently opposed. Third
, it is accepted as being self-evident."
m********l
发帖数: 4394
2
re
it's all in the gene, man.

publish
than
professor

【在 l****z 的大作中提到】
: 一项对同性恋人群的研究发现,女同性恋父母的子女中58%是同性恋,男同性恋子女是
: 33%,异性恋父母子女是5-10%;欢迎同性恋的社区里同性恋比例高89%
: http://www.aolnews.com/2010/10/17/study-gay-parents-more-likely
: Study: Gay Parents More Likely to Have Gay Kids
: Oct 17, 2010 – 4:14 PM
: Paul Kix Contributor
: (Oct. 17) -- Walter Schumm knows what he's about to do is unpopular: publish
: a study arguing that gay parents are more likely to raise gay children than
: straight parents. But the Kansas State University family studies professor
: has a detailed analysis that past almost aggressively ideological

R**o
发帖数: 311
3
美国心理学会问答:
Can lesbians, gay men, and bisexuals be good parents?
Yes. Studies comparing groups of children raised by homosexual and by
heterosexual parents find no developmental differences between the two
groups of children in four critical areas: their intelligence, psychological
adjustment, social adjustment, and popularity with friends. It is also
important to realize that a parent's sexual orientation does not indicate
their children's.
Another myth about homosexuality is the mistaken belief that gay men have
more of a tendency than heterosexual men to sexually molest children. There
is no evidence to suggest that homosexuals or bisexuals molest children at a
higher rate than heterosexuals.

publish
than
professor

【在 l****z 的大作中提到】
: 一项对同性恋人群的研究发现,女同性恋父母的子女中58%是同性恋,男同性恋子女是
: 33%,异性恋父母子女是5-10%;欢迎同性恋的社区里同性恋比例高89%
: http://www.aolnews.com/2010/10/17/study-gay-parents-more-likely
: Study: Gay Parents More Likely to Have Gay Kids
: Oct 17, 2010 – 4:14 PM
: Paul Kix Contributor
: (Oct. 17) -- Walter Schumm knows what he's about to do is unpopular: publish
: a study arguing that gay parents are more likely to raise gay children than
: straight parents. But the Kansas State University family studies professor
: has a detailed analysis that past almost aggressively ideological

R**o
发帖数: 311
4
Lesbian and Gay Parents
http://www.apa.org/about/governance/council/policy/parenting.as
Many lesbians and gay men are parents. In the 2000 U. S. Census, 33% of
female same-sex couple households and 22% of male same-sex couple households
reported at least one child under the age of 18 living in the home. Despite
the significant presence of at least 163,879 households headed by lesbian
or gay parents in U.S. society, three major concerns about lesbian and gay
parents are commonly voiced (Falk, 1994; Patterson, Fulcher & Wainright,
2002). These include concerns that lesbians and gay men are mentally ill,
that lesbians are less maternal than heterosexual women, and that lesbians'
and gay men's relationships with their sexual partners leave little time for
their relationships with their children. In general, research has failed to
provide a basis for any of these concerns (Patterson, 2000, 2004a; Perrin,
2002; Tasker, 1999; Tasker & Golombok, 1997). First, homosexuality is not a
psychological disorder (Conger, 1975). Although exposure to prejudice and
discrimination based on sexual orientation may cause acute distress (Mays &
Cochran, 2001; Meyer, 2003), there is no reliable evidence that homosexual
orientation per se impairs psychological functioning. Second, beliefs that
lesbian and gay adults are not fit parents have no empirical foundation (
Patterson, 2000, 2004a; Perrin, 2002). Lesbian and heterosexual women have
not been found to differ markedly in their approaches to child rearing (
Patterson, 2000; Tasker, 1999). Members of gay and lesbian couples with
children have been found to divide the work involved in childcare evenly,
and to be satisfied with their relationships with their partners (Patterson,
2000, 2004a). The results of some studies suggest that lesbian mothers' and
gay fathers' parenting skills may be superior to those of matched
heterosexual parents. There is no scientific basis for concluding that
lesbian mothers or gay fathers are unfit parents on the basis of their
sexual orientation (Armesto, 2002; Patterson, 2000; Tasker & Golombok, 1997)
. On the contrary, results of research suggest that lesbian and gay parents
are as likely as heterosexual parents to provide supportive and healthy
environments for their children.

psychological
There

【在 R**o 的大作中提到】
: 美国心理学会问答:
: Can lesbians, gay men, and bisexuals be good parents?
: Yes. Studies comparing groups of children raised by homosexual and by
: heterosexual parents find no developmental differences between the two
: groups of children in four critical areas: their intelligence, psychological
: adjustment, social adjustment, and popularity with friends. It is also
: important to realize that a parent's sexual orientation does not indicate
: their children's.
: Another myth about homosexuality is the mistaken belief that gay men have
: more of a tendency than heterosexual men to sexually molest children. There

R**o
发帖数: 311
5
Children of Lesbian and Gay Parents
As the social visibility and legal status of lesbian and gay parents has
increased, three major concerns about the influence of lesbian and gay
parents on children have been often voiced (Falk, 1994; Patterson, Fulcher &
Wainright, 2002). One is that the children of lesbian and gay parents will
experience more difficulties in the area of sexual identity than children of
heterosexual parents. For instance, one such concern is that children
brought up by lesbian mothers or gay fathers will show disturbances in
gender identity and/or in gender role behavior. A second category of
concerns involves aspects of children's personal development other than
sexual identity. For example, some observers have expressed fears that
children in the custody of gay or lesbian parents would be more vulnerable
to mental breakdown, would exhibit more adjustment difficulties and behavior
problems, or would be less psychologically healthy than other children. A
third category of concerns is that children of lesbian and gay parents will
experience difficulty in social relationships. For example, some observers
have expressed concern that children living with lesbian mothers or gay
fathers will be stigmatized, teased, or otherwise victimized by peers.
Another common fear is that children living with gay or lesbian parents will
be more likely to be sexually abused by the parent or by the parent's
friends or acquaintances.
Results of social science research have failed to confirm any of these
concerns about children of lesbian and gay parents (Patterson, 2000, 2004a;
Perrin, 2002; Tasker, 1999). Research suggests that sexual identities (
including gender identity, gender-role behavior, and sexual orientation)
develop in much the same ways among children of lesbian mothers as they do
among children of heterosexual parents (Patterson, 2004a). Studies of other
aspects of personal development (including personality, self-concept, and
conduct) similarly reveal few differences between children of lesbian
mothers and children of heterosexual parents (Perrin, 2002; Stacey & Biblarz
, 2001; Tasker, 1999). However, few data regarding these concerns are
available for children of gay fathers (Patterson, 2004b). Evidence also
suggests that children of lesbian and gay parents have normal social
relationships with peers and adults (Patterson, 2000, 2004a; Perrin, 2002;
Stacey & Biblarz, 2001; Tasker, 1999; Tasker & Golombok, 1997). The picture
that emerges from research is one of general engagement in social life with
peers, parents, family members, and friends. Fears about children of lesbian
or gay parents being sexually abused by adults, ostracized by peers, or
isolated in single-sex lesbian or gay communities have received no
scientific support. Overall, results of research suggest that the
development, adjustment, and well-being of children with lesbian and gay
parents do not differ markedly from that of children with heterosexual
parents.
1 (共1页)
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谢佳这个死lesbian怎么还不肯走说说我对方舟子的怀疑
相关话题的讨论汇总
话题: gay话题: schumm话题: children话题: parents话题: lesbian