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发帖数: 8514 | 3 美国民调机构盖洛普公司6月8日公布的一项民调结果显示，77％的中国人对政府正在进
行的保护环境努力感到满意，其中农村居民的满意度高达80％，城镇居民的满意度则为
74％。
根据这项在2011年对4200名中国成年人进行的调查，77％的中国居民对空气质量感
到满意，而73％的中国居民对水质感到满意。不过，中国城镇居民对空气和水的质量满
意度要明显低于农村居民。城镇居民对空气和水的质量满意度分别为63％和67％，远远
低于农村居民的87％和78％。
该民调还发现，北京、上海和广东这三个中国大城市的居民对环境满意度明显低于
全国平均水平。北京和上海居民对空气质量的满意度均只有46％，广州居民的相关满意
度为49％；广州居民对水质的满意度为61％，北京居民的满意度为60％，而上海居民的
满意度为58％。
与此同时，北京、上海和广东居民的环保意识也相应的高于全国平均水平。总体来
说，57％的中国居民认为政府应该把环保列为优先工作，哪怕会减慢经济增速。相比之
下，高达77％的北京居民、75％的上海居民和66％的广东居民持以上观点。
盖洛普在公布这项民调的报告中说，中国在环保方面的步伐虽然落后于发达国家，
但正在大力投资新能源和研发低碳技术，以在满足快速城市化带来的能源需求的同时保
护好环境。报告建议中国制订全面的城市化计划，把重点放在保护环境和有效利用能源
、空气、水、土地等自然资源上，以确保未来这些资源利用的可持续性和质量。
附：Majority of Chinese Prioritize Environment Over Economy
WASHINGTON, D.C. -- Fifty-seven percent of Chinese adults surveyed in
2011 -- before the country's economic slowdown grabbed headlines --
prioritized protecting the environment, even at the risk of curbing economic
growth. About one in five believed economic growth is more important.
Chinese attitudes are typical of those in other emerging-market economies,
where residents sided with the environment over the economy in earlier
surveys.
Similarly, Americans historically prioritized environment protection
over economic growth from 1985 to 2008. However, economic growth has taken
priority since the economic recession deepened in 2009. If China's economic
troubles worsen, residents' attitudes could change too.
Among the 22% of Chinese who did not choose the environment or the
economy, about half of them (12%) answered they don't know. Those who did
not have an opinion tended to be poor rural residents with no education
beyond elementary school, perhaps indicating their lack of awareness about
environmental issues. The 9% who answered neither tended to be wealthy urban
residents with high education. For them, it might be a dilemma of choosing
one over the other because both the economy and the environment are
extremely important.
More Environmental Challenges Lie in Urban Areas
More than three in four (77%) Chinese are satisfied with current efforts
to preserve the environment. Residents living in the urban areas, the hub
of much of China's industrial activity, however, are significantly less
satisfied than their rural counterparts with these efforts, as well as the
quality of the air and water where they live. With good reason: The World
Health Organization finds air pollution in Shanghai and Beijing is double or
even triple the severity it is in London or Los Angeles. Further, China's
Ministry of Environmental Protection finds groundwater at 57% of its
monitoring sites in cities is polluted or extremely polluted.
The enormity of China's challenges as it attempts to balance rapid
urbanization, industrial growth, and environmental concerns is even more
apparent in its largest cities. In Shanghai, Beijing, and Guangzhou,
residents' satisfaction with the efforts to preserve the environment as well
as the quality of air and water significantly trails the national average.
Consequently, residents are more likely to say that priority should be given
to protecting the environment, even if it risks economic growth.
Implications
China still lags behind developed countries in terms of efforts to
protect the environment. At the same time, it is investing heavily in new
energy sources and low-carbon technologies that could satisfy the
substantial power demand from rapid urbanization while protecting the
environment and reducing overreliance on coal.
Without aggressive strategies to combat pollution, China's environmental
problems will likely only worsen as its urban areas continue to expand.
Comprehensive urbanization policies that focus on conservation and the
efficient use of natural resources such as energy, air, water, and land will
be necessary to ensure the sustainability and quality of these resources in
the future. On a regional level, cities such as Qingdao, Tianjin, and
Shenyang are emerging as role models for urban economic and environmental
development. They have all have shown leadership in developing best
practices in successful green urban planning. |
