m**c
发帖数: 7299 | 1 【 以下文字转载自 Military 讨论区 】
发信人: msgc (为了下一代免遭变态残害), 信区: Military
标 题: Hate crime, Hate speech and Hate speech in media
发信站: BBS 未名空间站 (Sun Oct 27 01:49:49 2013, 美东)
(仇恨罪首先是犯罪，然后要确认犯罪原因是因为某些原因，如种族歧视引起的暴力行
为等。变态人渣多次威胁公正讨论变态淫乱行为对社会危害等正常言论是仇恨罪，其实
是缺乏法律常识的表现，也是其破坏言论自由的罪证。相反，ABC公开宣扬种族灭绝性
的屠杀，已经构成煽动犯罪的。ABC可以用是否实施了屠杀辩护，这也可以用犯罪动机
来反击，先例有学生跟老板闹矛盾说出炸掉实验室而被作为犯罪处理的，ABC的言论比
起来，跟加严重，已经有了实施犯罪的计划和细节。）
In both crime and law, hate crimes (also known as bias-motivated crimes, or
race hate) occur when a perpetrator targets a victim because of his or her
perceived membership in a certain social group. Examples of such groups
include but are not limited to: racial group, religion, sexual orientation,
ethnicity or gender identity.[1]
Hate crime is a category used to describe bias-motivated violence: "assault,
injury, and murder on the basis of certain personal characteristics:
different appearance, different color, different nationality, different
language, different religion."[2]
"Hate crime" generally refers to criminal acts that are seen to have been
motivated by bias against one or more of the types above, or of their
derivatives. Incidents may involve physical assault, damage to property,
bullying, harassment, verbal abuse or insults, or offensive graffiti or
letters (hate mail).[3]
A hate crime law is a law intended to prevent bias-motivated violence. Hate
crime laws are distinct from laws against hate speech in that hate crime
laws enhance the penalties associated with conduct that is already criminal
under other laws, while hate speech laws criminalize a category of speech.
###########################
NTIA report
In 1992, Congress directed the National Telecommunications and Information
Administration (NTIA) to examine the role of telecommunications, including
broadcast radio and television, cable television, public access television,
and computer bulletin boards, in advocating or encouraging violent acts and
the commission of hate crimes against designated persons and groups. The
NTIA study investigated speech that fostered a climate of hatred and
prejudice in which hate crimes may occur. Study findings revealed only a few
instances during the past decade in which broadcast facilities were used to
spread messages of hate and bigotry. In two such instances, radio
broadcasts arguably urged an audience to commit hate-motivated crimes. In
other instances, radio broadcast licensees aired programming that evidenced
prejudice. A few highly publicized cable television programs promoted
messages of hate and bigotry. In some cases, cable programming stirred
community reaction and was followed by counterprogramming. During the 1980s,
computer bulletin boards were established by various white supremacist and
neo-Nazi groups, but many fell into disuse later in the decade. The study
also found that hate "hotlines" are used to deliver recorded messages of
bigotry and prejudice and that telephones can be used to intimidate,
threaten, and harass individuals and organizations. NTIA's research suggests
that hate messages represent a very small percentage of electronic
communications media and that the best response is public education rather
than government censorship and regulation. Legal remedies involving the use
of telecommunications to commit or encourage hate crimes are discussed, as
well as technologies that can protect or empower targets of hate speech.[78]
A list of commenters is appended.
In 1993, the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (
NTIA) released a report titled “The Role of Telecommunications in Hate
Crimes.” This report gave one of the first definitions by government on
hate speech.[citation needed] According to NTIA hate speech is:
Speech that advocates or encourages violent acts or crimes of hate.
Speech that creates a climate of hate or prejudice, which may in turn
foster the commission of hate crimes.
#########################################################
（对于变态淫乱堆社会的危害讨论，没有针对任何一个变态，只是客观分析一些公开的
事实，所以变态人渣扣的帽子根本就是笑话。 ABC用公开媒体宣扬针对某一种族的仇恨
，构成Hate speech应该一点问题没有，至于应该受什么处罚，完全取决于其对任的伤
害程度。ABC威胁全体华人的生命安全，造成大家生活在不安中，应该补偿对大家的伤
害。）
Hate speech is, outside the law, communication that vilifies a person or a
group based on discrimination against that person or group.[1][2]
In law, hate speech is any speech, gesture or conduct, writing, or display
which is forbidden because it may incite violence or prejudicial action
against or by a protected individual or group, or because it disparages or
intimidates a protected individual or group. The law may identify a
protected individual or a protected group by certain characteristics.[3][4][
5][6] In some countries, a victim of hate speech may seek redress under
civil law, criminal law, or both. A website that uses hate speech is called
a hate site. Most of these sites contain Internet forums and news briefs
that emphasize a particular viewpoint. There has been debate over how
freedom of speech applies to the Internet.
Critics have argued that the term "hate speech" is a contemporary example of
Newspeak, used to silence critics of social policies that have been poorly
implemented in a rush to appear politically correct.[7][8][9]
###################################################################
（对照下面的四类Hate speech，大家不难发现ABC的节目已经突破了底线了。）
Hate speech in media
In January, 2009, the National Hispanic Media Coalition (NHMC),[79] a not
for profit organization with a mission to improve the image of American
Latinos as portrayed by the media, unveiled a three prong strategy to
address the issue of hate speech in media. 1) NHMC filed a petition for
inquiry into hate speech with the Federal Communications Commission (FCC).[
80] The petition urges the Commission to examine the extent and effects of
hate speech in media, including the likely link between hate speech and hate
crimes, and to explore non-regulatory ways in which to counteract its
negative impacts. 2) NHMC asked the National Telecommunications and
Information Administration (NTIA) to update its 1993 report “The Role of
Telecommunications in Hate Crimes”; 3) NHMC collaborated with the UCLA/
Chicano Research Study Center (CRSC) to produce groundbreaking research on
the subject. “Hate Speech on Commercial Radio, Preliminary Report on a
Pilot Study” was also released in January, 2009.[81][82]
“Hate Speech on Commercial Radio” categorized hate speech in four
different areas.
False facts
Flawed argumentation
Divisive language
Dehumanizing metaphors
In May 2010, NHMC filed comments in the FCC’s proceeding on the Future of
Media and Information Needs of Communities in the Digital Age.[83] Joined by
32 national and regional organizations from throughout the country, the
comments ask the FCC to examine hate speech in media. In its comments, NHMC
reinforces the need for the FCC to act on NHMC’s petition for inquiry on
hate speech in media filed in January 2009.
NTIA report
In 1992, Congress directed the National Telecommunications and Information
Administration (NTIA) to examine the role of telecommunications, including
broadcast radio and television, cable television, public access television,
and computer bulletin boards, in advocating or encouraging violent acts and
the commission of hate crimes against designated persons and groups. The
NTIA study investigated speech that fostered a climate of hatred and
prejudice in which hate crimes may occur. Study findings revealed only a few
instances during the past decade in which broadcast facilities were used to
spread messages of hate and bigotry. In two such instances, radio
broadcasts arguably urged an audience to commit hate-motivated crimes. In
other instances, radio broadcast licensees aired programming that evidenced
prejudice. A few highly publicized cable television programs promoted
messages of hate and bigotry. In some cases, cable programming stirred
community reaction and was followed by counterprogramming. During the 1980s,
computer bulletin boards were established by various white supremacist and
neo-Nazi groups, but many fell into disuse later in the decade. The study
also found that hate "hotlines" are used to deliver recorded messages of
bigotry and prejudice and that telephones can be used to intimidate,
threaten, and harass individuals and organizations. NTIA's research suggests
that hate messages represent a very small percentage of electronic
communications media and that the best response is public education rather
than government censorship and regulation. Legal remedies involving the use
of telecommunications to commit or encourage hate crimes are discussed, as
well as technologies that can protect or empower targets of hate speech.[78]
A list of commenters is appended.
In 1993, the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (
NTIA) released a report titled “The Role of Telecommunications in Hate
Crimes.” This report gave one of the first definitions by government on
hate speech.[citation needed] According to NTIA hate speech is:
Speech that advocates or encourages violent acts or crimes of hate.（ABC
的言论，是否正好符合这条）
Speech that creates a climate of hate or prejudice, which may in turn
foster the commission of hate crimes. |
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