m*****8
发帖数: 4059 | 1 【 以下文字转载自 Parenting 讨论区 】
发信人: miaomi8 (苗苗妈), 信区: Parenting
标 题: 转载：How to raise a bilingual child
关键字: 中文，双语学习
发信站: BBS 未名空间站 (Tue Jan 1 21:44:44 2013, 美东)
原文链接：
http://tamarindvillage.blogspot.com/2010/09/how-to-raise-biling
作者很多做法和国内一些早期阅读／识字教程的做法是一致的，比如小的时候重视认字
不强调写字，不太早教拼音直接认字等等
How to raise a bilingual child
We do not speak Mandarin at home, my kids speak only English and Cantonese.
Both of them are able to read long English novels like Charlotte’s Web by 5
years old, check out my blog about how I taught them to read in English :
http://tamarindphonics.blogspot.com/
My girl, now 7 years old, is also able to read long Chinese novels of about
150 to 200 pages, with a few hundred words on each page. She is also able to
write Chinese compositions of about 100 words, she is able to write most of
the words without any help from me. My 6 year old boy is able to read
Chinese passages of a few hundred words with no pictures or han yu pin yin.
I believe that any child of average and above ability are able to learn to
read very well in both English and Chinese by the age of 7, if we use the
correct methods. I have been working full time since my kids were born, and
I can only spend about half an hour teaching them everyday. If we use
effective methods, there is no need to spend many hours a day teaching our
kids.
1. Teach both English and Chinese at the same time:
Many parents read English books diligently to their babies, they should also
read at least one Chinese story book to their kids everyday. If parents
focus only on English before the age of 5, kids will naturally dislike
Chinese once they are very good in English.
2. If Mandarin is not spoken at home, you should send your kids to a good
Chinese enrichment class like Berries, best to start at 4 years old. Revise
the lesson with the child everyday. Kids have an amazing ability to learn
languages between the age of 3 to 6, parents must try to teach as much as
possible during this age. Read this very good article from the Straits Times
: Balancing the debate on mother tongue
According to the experts :
The 'acquisition of a normal language,' he writes, 'is guaranteed for
children up to the age of six, is steadily compromised from then until
shortly after puberty, and is rare thereafter'.
3. Get good resources like the Si Wu Kuai Du series of books :
http://tamarindvillage.blogspot.com/2009/12/teaching-chinese-at
My girl completed this series of books early this year, and she is able to
read about 80% of the words in any Chinese story books. By August this year,
she is able to read long Chinese novels fluently, she can read more than 90
% of the words without any help.
Parents can teach the kids at home, or employ a private tutor to teach the
kids using these resources. Note that parents must at least be able to read
Chinese newspaper in order to understand the instructions in the books.
4. Do not make the child practice writing Chinese words every day before the
age of 6. Between 3 to 6, kids have an amazing ability to learn new words.
Parents should focus on teaching as many Chinese characters as possible at
this age, they will have lots of time to learn to write from 6 years old.
5. Do not teach han yu pin yin until 6 years old. Kids should learn only
English phonics between the age of 3 to 5, and focus on recognizing Chinese
characters. If kids learn han yu pin yin first, then they will reject
reading Chinese characters.
6. It is most important to develop the love for the Chinese language,
between the age of 3 to 6. The best way is to find interesting Chinese
picture books that kids will love. I have a list of excellent story books in
the later part of this page. Note that even for very simple books, there
may be some words that parents do not know. You may have to check the
dictionary to find out how to read it first. Do not make the child check the
dictionary for every word that she does not know. This will kill her
interest.
My girl used to read only long English novels before 7 years old, now she
tells me that she likes Chinese books better, thanks to the list of
excellent books that I have bought for her.
7. Do not expect the child to be able to read independently before the age
of 7. I believe that the most effective method is to sit with her, point to
every word, and ask her to read out loud to you. When she does not know a
word, just tell her how to read it and move on quickly. She will come across
the same word again if she reads regularly. Reading out loud is also a very
good way of improving her Chinese oral skills. Note that reading Chinese
books to your child may not be effective, the best method is to ask the
child to read every word out loud. I read in a Chinese forum that kids at
about 7 years old should read at least 10000 words a week, that means she
needs to read more than 1000 words a day. I have been asking my girl to read
about 1000 words out loud to me, from interesting Chinese books which she
enjoys. The results are amazing.
Here are the list of recommend books from my home library. The books are
ordered in terms of difficulty. The first few books have very few words,
while the books towards the end of the list are long chapter books with many
words a page. I have grouped them under different age groups.
These books are available in the National Library. You can search for the
books at their website : http://www.nlb.gov.sg/
Most of the books are also available at Maha Yu Yi bookshop at level 3 of
the Bras Basah complex. You can call them to check the price of the books,
click here for their contact number :
Bras Basah Complex Level 3 shops
If you are traveling to China, you can order directly from www.dangdang.com,
make sure that you choose cash on delivery. I used to ship the books from
China using direct shipping by www.dangdang.com, but it is not recommended
to do so now, because the shipping process is too long and unreliable.
Click on the titles to view the details about the book in Chinese.
Ages 2 to 6:
Note that the standard of Chinese in China is very high, most of our P1 to
P4 kids may not be able to read all these books independently. Kids age 6 to
10 should also read these books if they still cannot read fluently in
Chinese.
Note: ** refers to books added on 12 Jan 2011.
谁藏起来了
噼里啪啦系列 (7 books)
小猫当当系列（10 books）
可爱的鼠小弟(全12册)
小熊宝宝绘本
快乐认知:创新低幼认知读物（全六册）
排排队系列
阿波林的小世界（全14册）
14只老鼠(6 books)
中国第一套儿童情绪管理图画书（1）（全四册）
鸡蛋哥哥（全四册）
好饿的小蛇
你真好
永远永远爱你
小真的长头发
神奇的水彩
阿秋和阿狐
我爱洗澡
小狐狸买手套
小马小熊系列（全4册）
团圆
德沃夫爷爷的森林 小屋
花婆婆
小房子
是谁嗯嗯在我的头上
阿文的小毯子
我好担心
天空在脚下
青蛙弗洛格的成长故事(全12册) (Han Yu Pin Yin)
蹦蹦和跳跳的故事(全10册)
古利和古拉（套装）（全7册）
提姆与莎兰系列（全十册）
麦田精选图画书•大师典藏•狐狸村传奇（全八册）
凯蒂的名画奇遇（套装）（全七册）
小猪闹闹
These 3 excellent books are recommended by lizuan :
祝你生日快乐
妈妈心·妈妈树
动物绝对不应该穿衣服
Age 6 to 10:
The following books are suitable for kids age 6 to 10 in China, but since
their standard is very high compared to ours, even our upper primary kids
may not be able to read these books independently. P1 to P4 kids who are not
reading well, should start with the Si Wu Kuai Du series of books, and some
of the books in the 2 to 6 age group first, before reading the following
books.
小北极熊(修订版)（1-9册）
小皮斯凯的第一次旅行
小皮斯凯的第一个朋友
悦读阅美绘本馆 能干的小海狸
“小妖怪童话”系列桥梁书（10册/套）
不一样的卡梅拉（全6册）
魔法小公主莉莉（全10册）
《小火龙》全6册
我最喜欢的经典传统故事精绘本--哪吒闹海 (Han Yu Pin Yin)
我最喜欢的经典传统故事精绘本--宝莲灯
我最喜欢的经典传统故事精绘本--后羿与嫦娥
西顿动物记（全5册）
露露和拉拉（4册）
什么都行魔女商店（全四册）
我和小姐姐克拉拉
Age 10 and above :
佐贺的超级阿嬷（亲子共读版）
爱心树纯美童话1：雾中的奇妙小镇
宫崎骏动画原著：魔女宅急便1-5
笑猫日记（12册）
雾灵三部曲（全3册)
窗边的小豆豆
狼王梦
斑羚飞渡
狼图腾·小狼小狼
For all ages :
This excellent series of books have many words on a page, but also many
beautiful pictures. Younger kids will enjoy looking at the pictures.
自然图鉴（全5册)
The following is a comic series about a very cute cat. Adults will enjoy
reading these books too. Note that the words are very small.
甜甜私房猫（1-2）
甜甜私房猫（3-4）
This picture book is inspired by Leo Tolstoy's short story "Three Questions"
. Adults will find the book very meaningful. Children may not completely
understand the meaning, but they will enjoy the interesting story.
尼古拉的三个问题
Audio Books:
I think audio books are excellent for parents who cannot read, or have
difficulty reading Chinese books with their kids. The mandarin pronunciation
is perfect. Parents can ask kids to read along as they listen to the CD.
Each of the following audio book comes with a CD containing MP3 files
narrating all five stories in the book. The book is quite thick, with many
beautiful colour pictures, and there are over 200 words on each page (no
hanyu pinyin). The vocabulary is challenging enough for students up to P3.
聆听经典·世界著名童话典藏系列：海的女儿（附光盘）
聆听经典·世界著名童话典藏系列：木偶奇遇记（附光盘）
聆听经典·世界著名童话典藏系列：三只小猪（附光盘）
In fact, I really enjoy reading all these wonderful books too !
When I was a student in RGS and RJC, I used to score the highest marks in
Chinese. I enjoyed writing Chinese essays. I never attended any Chinese
enrichment classes, and never had Chinese tuition. My parents spoke
Cantonese and they could not help me with Chinese ever since I was in upper
primary. I read Chinese books extensively on my own, thanks to all these
books, I did very well in Chinese, and I only had to spend very little time
learning the textbook and doing assessments. I do not consider myself as
good in languages, because I did not do very well in English.
If we want our kids to do well in Chinese, studying the Chinese textbooks
and doing assessments are definitely not enough. Kids must read as many
Chinese story books as possible.
How about writing in Chinese ?
I do not advocate writing too many Chinese words before the age of 6. An
early childhood expert wrote that kids before the age of 6 do not have the
fine motor skills to write Chinese characters, it is cruel to force them to
practice writing everyday.
In the case of my kids, my girl has excellent fine motor skills at 3 years
old, she could copy an entire Tang poetry at 5 years old, on her own
initiative. I did not make her practice writing at all. My younger boy could
only write legibly after 5 years old, by 6 years old his writing is fine. I
also did not make him practice writing everyday.
Every child is different, and we should let the child progress at his own
pace. If he is ready to write, he will write well, if we try to make him
write before that, we will only be very frustrated.
It is absolutely fine to start to practice writing Chinese at 6 years old.
It is definitely not too late. At P1, the Ting Xie words are still very
simple.
Also note that Chinese characters are made up of 偏旁, 部首, and simple
characters. Parents should teach kids the names of the 偏旁, 部首. When
learning more complex characters, teach the kids to remember the word by its
individual parts. For example, take a look at these words :
弟 第 剃 梯 涕 递
Once the child knows how to write 弟, just tell him to change the 偏旁, 部首
to make different words.
Personally I think it is easier than English spelling without knowledge of
phonics.
Do not make the child remember the word stroke by stroke ! There are too
many Chinese characters and you cannot possibly learn Chinese this way, this
is the reason why kids hate Chinese. Many English educated parents think
that the only way to learn Chinese is to remember the word stroke by stroke,
this is a big mistake. | j***0
发帖数: 149 | 2 Mark,Thanks for sharing. | w***s
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