t*******o
发帖数: 1 | 1 美媒：中国团队成功模拟64位量子线路 突破限制
2018-07-01 11:52:20 来源：参考消息网 责任编辑：平悦
核心提示：报道称，本源量子公司与中国科学院郭光灿团队提出了一种通过分解两比特
量子逻辑门模拟量子线路的方案，目前已经使用这个方案在一个128节点的计算机集群
上完成了64量子比特、深度为22的量子随机线路的模拟，并用一台经典计算机，分别模
拟了56比特和42比特、深度均为22的线路。
参考消息网7月1日报道 美媒称，量子计算机是基于量子力学基本原理运行的计算机。
不同于经典比特，量子比特可同时处于“0”和“1”的叠加态，因此由量子比特构成的
量子计算机可以同时计算和存储更多数据。添加额外的量子比特可以使量子机器的计算
能力成倍增长。针对某些特定任务，量子计算机的计算能力可能很快就能超越最先进的
超级计算机。
据美国科学博客平台6月23日报道，最近几年量子计算研究取得了一系列重大进展。“
量子霸权”论者宣称，当量子比特超过50位时，量子计算机会超越传统计算机。对50个
量子比特的线路的直接模拟需要16PB的内存来存储表征量子态的向量，导致量子线路的
经典模拟在空间和时间上都受到限制。但是，谷歌和IBM的团队已经对低深度线路提出
了一些有效解决方法，已经将这个极限提升到了56个量子比特。
报道称，基于此，本源量子公司与中国科学院郭光灿团队提出了一种通过分解两比特量
子逻辑门模拟量子线路的方案，目前已经使用这个方案在一个128节点的计算机集群上
完成了64量子比特、深度为22的量子随机线路的模拟，并用一台经典计算机，分别模拟
了56比特和42比特、深度均为22的线路。 | s*****V
发帖数: 21731 | 2 这是多此一举，用经典的计算机来模拟量子计算机，那还要量子计算机干嘛 | P**T
发帖数: 2274 | | i******r
发帖数: 1175 | 4 鱉完成的這量子計算模擬落後有10年了吧。量子計算領先梯隊裏沒有中國團隊。沒有一
樣重要研究成果是中國人的。
Timeline[edit]
Main article: Timeline of quantum computing
In 1959 Richard Feynman in his lecture "There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom
" states the possibility of using quantum effects for computation.
In 1980 Paul Benioff described quantum mechanical Hamiltonian models of
computers[57] and the Russian mathematician Yuri Manin motivated the
development of quantum computers.[58]
In 1981, at a conference co-organized by MIT and IBM, physicist Richard
Feynman urged the world to build a quantum computer. He said "Nature isn't
classical, dammit, and if you want to make a simulation of nature, you'd
better make it quantum mechanical, and by golly it's a wonderful problem,
because it doesn't look so easy."[59]
In 1984, BB84 is published, the world's first quantum cryptography protocol
by IBM scientists Charles Bennett and Gilles Brassard.
In 1993, an international group of six scientists, including Charles Bennett
, showed that perfect quantum teleportation is possible[60] in principle,
but only if the original is destroyed.
In 1996, The DiVincenzo's criteria are published which is a list of
conditions that are necessary for constructing a quantum computer proposed
by the theoretical physicist David P. DiVincenzo in his 2000 paper "The
Physical Implementation of Quantum Computation".
In 2001, researchers demonstrated Shor's algorithm to factor 15 using a 7-
qubit NMR computer.[61]
In 2005, researchers at the University of Michigan built a semiconductor
chip ion trap. Such devices from standard lithography, may point the way to
scalable quantum computing.[62]
In 2009, researchers at Yale University created the first solid-state
quantum processor. The two-qubit superconducting chip had artificial atom
qubits made of a billion aluminum atoms that acted like a single atom that
could occupy two states.[63][64]
A team at the University of Bristol, also created a silicon chip based on
quantum optics, able to run Shor's algorithm.[65] Further developments were
made in 2010.[66] Springer publishes a journal (Quantum Information
Processing) devoted to the subject.[67]
In February 2010, Digital Combinational Circuits like adder, subtractor etc.
are designed with the help of Symmetric Functions organized from different
quantum gates.[68][69]
In April 2011, a team of scientists from Australia and Japan made a
breakthrough in quantum teleportation. They successfully transferred a
complex set of quantum data with full transmission integrity, without
affecting the qubits' superpositions.[70][71]
Photograph of a chip constructed by D-Wave Systems Inc., mounted and wire-
bonded in a sample holder. The D-Wave processor is designed to use 128
superconducting logic elements that exhibit controllable and tunable
coupling to perform operations.
In 2011, D-Wave Systems announced the first commercial quantum annealer, the
D-Wave One, claiming a 128 qubit processor. On May 25, 2011, Lockheed
Martin agreed to purchase a D-Wave One system.[72] Lockheed and the
University of Southern California (USC) will house the D-Wave One at the
newly formed USC Lockheed Martin Quantum Computing Center.[73] D-Wave's
engineers designed the chips with an empirical approach, focusing on solving
particular problems. Investors liked this more than academics, who said D-
Wave had not demonstrated they really had a quantum computer. Criticism
softened after a D-Wave paper in Nature, that proved the chips have some
quantum properties.[74][75] Two published papers have suggested that the D-
Wave machine's operation can be explained classically, rather than requiring
quantum models.[76][77] Later work showed that classical models are
insufficient when all available data is considered.[78] Experts remain
divided on the ultimate classification of the D-Wave systems though their
quantum behavior was established concretely with a demonstration of
entanglement.[79]
During the same year, researchers at the University of Bristol created an
all-bulk optics system that ran a version of Shor's algorithm to
successfully factor 21.[80]
In September 2011 researchers proved quantum computers can be made with a
Von Neumann architecture (separation of RAM).[81]
In November 2011 researchers factorized 143 using 4 qubits.[82]
In February 2012 IBM scientists said that they had made several
breakthroughs in quantum computing with superconducting integrated circuits.
[83]
In April 2012 a multinational team of researchers from the University of
Southern California, Delft University of Technology, the Iowa State
University of Science and Technology, and the University of California,
Santa Barbara, constructed a two-qubit quantum computer on a doped diamond
crystal that can easily be scaled up and is functional at room temperature.
Two logical qubit directions of electron spin and nitrogen kernels spin were
used, with microwave impulses. This computer ran Grover's algorithm
generating the right answer from the first try in 95% of cases.[84]
In September 2012, Australian researchers at the University of New South
Wales said the world's first quantum computer was just 5 to 10 years away,
after announcing a global breakthrough enabling manufacture of its memory
building blocks. A research team led by Australian engineers created the
first working qubit based on a single atom in silicon, invoking the same
technological platform that forms the building blocks of modern-day
computers.[85][86]
In October 2012, Nobel Prizes were presented to David J. Wineland and Serge
Haroche for their basic work on understanding the quantum world, which may
help make quantum computing possible.[87][88]
In November 2012, the first quantum teleportation from one macroscopic
object to another was reported by scientists at the University of Science
and Technology of China in Hefei.[89][90]
In December 2012, the first dedicated quantum computing software company,
1QBit was founded in Vancouver, BC.[91] 1QBit is the first company to focus
exclusively on commercializing software applications for commercially
available quantum computers, including the D-Wave Two. 1QBit's research
demonstrated the ability of superconducting quantum annealing processors to
solve real-world problems.[92]
In February 2013, a new technique, boson sampling, was reported by two
groups using photons in an optical lattice that is not a universal quantum
computer but may be good enough for practical problems. Science Feb 15, 2013
In May 2013, Google announced that it was launching the Quantum Artificial
Intelligence Lab, hosted by NASA's Ames Research Center, with a 512-qubit D-
Wave quantum computer. The USRA (Universities Space Research Association)
will invite researchers to share time on it with the goal of studying
quantum computing for machine learning.[93] Google added that they had "
already developed some quantum machine learning algorithms" and had "learned
some useful principles", such as that "best results" come from "mixing
quantum and classical computing".[93]
In early 2014 it was reported, based on documents provided by former NSA
contractor Edward Snowden, that the U.S. National Security Agency (NSA) is
running a $79.7 million research program (titled "Penetrating Hard Targets")
to develop a quantum computer capable of breaking vulnerable encryption.[94]
In 2014, a group of researchers from ETH Zürich, USC, Google and Microsoft
reported a definition of quantum speedup, and were not able to measure
quantum speedup with the D-Wave Two device, but did not explicitly rule it
out.[95][96]
In 2014, researchers at University of New South Wales used silicon as a
protectant shell around qubits, making them more accurate, increasing the
length of time they will hold information, and possibly making quantum
computers easier to build.[97]
In April 2015 IBM scientists claimed two critical advances towards the
realization of a practical quantum computer. They claimed the ability to
detect and measure both kinds of quantum errors simultaneously, as well as a
new, square quantum bit circuit design that could scale to larger
dimensions.[98]
In October 2015 researchers at University of New South Wales built a quantum
logic gate in silicon for the first time.[99]
In December 2015 NASA publicly displayed the world's first fully operational
$15-million quantum computer made by the Canadian company D-Wave at the
Quantum Artificial Intelligence Laboratory at its Ames Research Center in
California's Moffett Field. The device was purchased in 2013 via a
partnership with Google and Universities Space Research Association. The
presence and use of quantum effects in the D-Wave quantum processing unit is
more widely accepted.[100] In some tests it can be shown that the D-Wave
quantum annealing processor outperforms Selby’s algorithm.[101] Only 2 of
this computer has been made so far.
In May 2016, IBM Research announced[102] that for the first time ever it is
making quantum computing available to members of the public via the cloud,
who can access and run experiments on IBM’s quantum processor. The service
is called the IBM Quantum Experience. The quantum processor is composed of
five superconducting qubits and is housed at the IBM T. J. Watson Research
Center in New York.
In August 2016, scientists at the University of Maryland successfully built
the first reprogrammable quantum computer.[103]
In October 2016 Basel University described a variant of the electron hole
based quantum computer, which instead of manipulating electron spins uses
electron holes in a semiconductor at low (mK) temperatures which are a lot
less vulnerable to decoherence. This has been dubbed the "positronic"
quantum computer as the quasi-particle behaves like it has a positive
electrical charge.[104]
In March 2017, IBM announced an industry-first initiative to build
commercially available universal quantum computing systems called IBM Q. The
company also released a new API (Application Program Interface) for the IBM
Quantum Experience that enables developers and programmers to begin
building interfaces between its existing five quantum bit (qubit) cloud-
based quantum computer and classical computers, without needing a deep
background in quantum physics.
In May 2017, IBM announced[105] that it has successfully built and tested
its most powerful universal quantum computing processors. The first is a 16
qubit processor that will allow for more complex experimentation than the
previously available 5 qubit processor. The second is IBM's first prototype
commercial processor with 17 qubits and leverages significant materials,
device, and architecture improvements to make it the most powerful quantum
processor created to date by IBM.
In July 2017, a group of U.S. researchers announced a quantum simulator with
51 qubits. The announcement was made by Mikhail Lukin of Harvard University
at the International Conference on Quantum Technologies in Moscow.[106] A
quantum simulator differs from a computer. Lukin’s simulator was designed
to solve one equation. Solving a different equation would require building a
new system. A computer can solve many different equations.
In September 2017, IBM Research scientists use a 7 qubit device to model the
largest molecule,[107] Beryllium hydride, ever by a quantum computer. The
results were published as the cover story in the peer-reviewed journal
Nature.
In October 2017, IBM Research scientists successfully "broke the 49-qubit
simulation barrier" and simulated 49- and 56-qubit short-depth circuits,
using the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory's Vulcan supercomputer, and
the University of Illinois' Cyclops Tensor Framework (originally developed
at the University of California). The results were published in arxiv.[108]
In November 2017, the University of Sydney research team in Australia
successfully made a microwave circulator, an important quantum computer part
, 1000 times smaller than a conventional circulator by using topological
insulators to slow down the speed of light in a material.[109]
In November 2017, IBM announced[110] the availability of its most-powerful
20 qubit commercial processor, and the first prototype 50 qubit processor.
The 20 qubit processor has an industry-leading 90 μs coherence time
for the systems' operations.
In December 2017, IBM announced[111] its first IBM Q Network clients. The
companies, universities, and labs to explore practical quantum applications,
using IBM Q 20 qubit commercial systems, for business and science include:
JPMorgan Chase, Daimler AG, Samsung, JSR Corporation, Barclays, Hitachi
Metals, Honda, Nagase, Keio University, Oak Ridge National Lab, Oxford
University and University of Melbourne.
In December 2017, Microsoft released a preview version of a "Quantum
Development Kit".[112] It includes a programming language, Q#, which can be
used to write programs that are run on an emulated quantum computer.
In 2017 D-Wave reported to start selling a 2000 qubit quantum computer.[113]
In February 2018, scientists reported, for the first time, the discovery of
a new form of light, which may involve polaritons, that could be useful in
the development of quantum computers.[114][115]
In March 2018, Google Quantum AI Lab announced a 72 qubit processor called
Bristlecone.[116]
In April 2018, IBM Research announced eight quantum computing startups
joined the IBM Q Network,[117] including: Zapata Computing, Strangeworks,
QxBranch, Quantum Benchmark, QC Ware, Q-CTRL, Cambridge Quantum Computing,
and 1QBit.
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/quantum/quantum-computer-trace-simulator-1?
view=qsharp-preview | g******a
发帖数: 778 | 5 不能要求太高了，总比没有强
Bottom
【在 i******r 的大作中提到】
: 鱉完成的這量子計算模擬落後有10年了吧。量子計算領先梯隊裏沒有中國團隊。沒有一
: 樣重要研究成果是中國人的。
: Timeline[edit]
: Main article: Timeline of quantum computing
: In 1959 Richard Feynman in his lecture "There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom
: " states the possibility of using quantum effects for computation.
: In 1980 Paul Benioff described quantum mechanical Hamiltonian models of
: computers[57] and the Russian mathematician Yuri Manin motivated the
: development of quantum computers.[58]
: In 1981, at a conference co-organized by MIT and IBM, physicist Richard
| t*******o
发帖数: 1 | 6 郭教授和潘教授方向不同
中国的和美国的完全不同
谁领先还不好说，大多数谈论这个事的人都不懂 | o*********e
发帖数: 3093 | 7 “比没有强”！！！——是不但没有比美国落后好不，甚至有局部领先。
自从被八国联军打得腿骨骨折，总是没恢复，风雨天就闹些风湿病老毛病。
【在 g******a 的大作中提到】
: 不能要求太高了，总比没有强
:
: Bottom
| t*******o
发帖数: 1 | 8 按字面上理解，如果结合美国方案，郭的办法会有前途
也就是说，美国是硬物理。现在的难题是，很难做很多比特
如果，两个比特可以扩展几十被，那这个方案就会有意义 | o*********e
发帖数: 3093 | 9 还“两比特”？
北美12的原型机早就出来了，把强磁铁泡在零下266度的液态氦中，上面一个大大的“
滑铁卢”字眼
据说潘建伟啊，做到了20
【在 t*******o 的大作中提到】
: 按字面上理解，如果结合美国方案，郭的办法会有前途
: 也就是说，美国是硬物理。现在的难题是，很难做很多比特
: 如果，两个比特可以扩展几十被，那这个方案就会有意义
| i******r
发帖数: 1175 | 10 领先个屁，潘也是从这些领先团队学的皮毛。前沿的研究没有中国人。
【在 o*********e 的大作中提到】
: “比没有强”！！！——是不但没有比美国落后好不，甚至有局部领先。
: 自从被八国联军打得腿骨骨折，总是没恢复，风雨天就闹些风湿病老毛病。
| i******r
发帖数: 1175 | 11 IBM的20比特商用斗一段时间了。潘在哪？
【在 o*********e 的大作中提到】
: 还“两比特”？
: 北美12的原型机早就出来了，把强磁铁泡在零下266度的液态氦中，上面一个大大的“
: 滑铁卢”字眼
: 据说潘建伟啊，做到了20
| P**4
发帖数: 923 | 12
模拟不算数，得物理上作出来才行。
【在 t*******o 的大作中提到】
: 美媒：中国团队成功模拟64位量子线路 突破限制
: 2018-07-01 11:52:20 来源：参考消息网 责任编辑：平悦
: 核心提示：报道称，本源量子公司与中国科学院郭光灿团队提出了一种通过分解两比特
: 量子逻辑门模拟量子线路的方案，目前已经使用这个方案在一个128节点的计算机集群
: 上完成了64量子比特、深度为22的量子随机线路的模拟，并用一台经典计算机，分别模
: 拟了56比特和42比特、深度均为22的线路。
: 参考消息网7月1日报道 美媒称，量子计算机是基于量子力学基本原理运行的计算机。
: 不同于经典比特，量子比特可同时处于“0”和“1”的叠加态，因此由量子比特构成的
: 量子计算机可以同时计算和存储更多数据。添加额外的量子比特可以使量子机器的计算
: 能力成倍增长。针对某些特定任务，量子计算机的计算能力可能很快就能超越最先进的
| o*********e
发帖数: 3093 | 13 你们唐人街人来人往热闹非凡，有个优势就是信息灵通，无论在茶馆里，在按摩院里，
甚至夏日在街头摇着蒲扇在街头纳凉都能听到绝密的外星人情报。
但你不能把IBM星球的文明和地球比
地球文明现在还没有商用的量子计算机。还在探索量子计算机应该是什么样的原始阶段
【在 i******r 的大作中提到】
: IBM的20比特商用斗一段时间了。潘在哪？
|
|
