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发帖数: 2953 | 2 English equivalents[edit]
Little-used English words synonymous with schadenfreude derive from the
Greek word, epichairekakia (ἐπιχαιρεκακία, first
attested in Aristotle[2]).[3][4] Nathan Bailey's 18th-century Universal
Etymological English Dictionary, for example, contains an entry for
epicharikaky that gives its etymology as a compound of ἐπί epi (
upon), χαρά chara (joy), and κακόν kakon (evil).[5][6] A
popular modern collection of rare words, however, gives its spelling as
epicaricacy.[7]
An English expression with a similar meaning is Roman holiday, a metaphor
from the poem Childe Harold's Pilgrimage by George Gordon, Lord Byron, where
a gladiator in ancient Rome expects to be "butchered to make a Roman
holiday" while the audience would take pleasure from watching his suffering.
The term suggests debauchery and disorder in addition to sadistic enjoyment
.[8]
Another phrase with a meaning similar to Schadenfreude is "morose
delectation" (delectatio morosa in Latin), meaning, "The habit of dwelling
with enjoyment on evil thoughts".[9] The medieval church taught that morose
delectation was a sin.[10][11] French writer Pierre Klossowski maintained
that the appeal of sadism is morose delectation.[12][13]
An English word of similar meaning is "gloating", where "gloat" means "to
observe or think about something with triumphant and often malicious
satisfaction, gratification, or delight" (e.g. to gloat over an enemy's
misfortune).[14] Gloating is differentiated from Schadenfreude in that it
does not necessarily require malice (one may gloat to a friend about having
defeated him in a game without ill intent), and that it describes an action
rather than a state of mind (one typically gloats to the subject of the
misfortune or to a third party). On the other hand, unlike Schadenfreude,
where the focus is on someone's misfortune, gloating often brings to mind
inappropriately celebrating or bragging about one's own good fortune without
any particular focus on the misfortune of others. |
