l********k
发帖数: 14844 | 1 要求每个基本单位都要有声调，声调单独是语言的一个维度，去除声调会造成严重的简
并现象。
声调无疑是语言的高级形态。像英语，对声调的掌握停留在整句的层次，区别整句是疑
问还是肯定，但是声调应用没有发展到单词层次，因此是低级、简单的语言。拉丁语系
语言有很多词根的变化，但是代价是加长了词的长度，导致信息流密度降低。说到底，
还是拉丁语系对大脑的要求较低，怕有比较笨的人应付不过来高密度的信息。
除了中文，还有那种语言有声调？ | C**********e
发帖数: 23303 | | z****g
发帖数: 3509 | 3 Languages that are tonal include:
Some of the Sino-Tibetan languages. Most of the Sinitic languages (Chinese),
some Tibetic languages, including the standard languages of Lhasa and
Bhutan, and Burmese.
In the Austro-Asiatic family, Vietnamese and other members of the Vietic
languages family are strongly tonal. Other branches of this family, such as
Mon, Khmer, and the Munda languages, are entirely non-tonal.
Some of the Malayo-Polynesian branch of Austronesian languages in New
Caledonia such as Paicî and Chamic languages such as Tsat in Hainan are
tonal.
The entire Tai–Kadai languages family, spoken mainly in China, Vietnam,
Thailand, and Laos, and including Thai and Lao is tonal.
The entire Hmong–Mien family is tonal.
Many Afroasiatic languages in the Chadic and Omotic branches have register
tone systems, including Hausa. Omotic languages are an exception in having
both contour and register tones. Some Cushitic languages also have tone
systems.
The vast majority of Niger–Congo languages, such as Ewe, Igbo, Lingala,
Maninka, Yoruba, and the Zulu, have register tone systems. The Kru languages
have contour tones. Notable non-tonal Niger–Congo languages are Swahili,
Fula, and Wolof.
Most Nilo-Saharan languages including Dinka and Luo have register tone
systems.
All Khoisan languages in southern Africa have contour tone systems; some
languages like Sandawe have mixed tone systems like that of Cantonese.
Slightly more than half of the Athabaskan languages, such as Navajo, have
register tone systems (languages in California, Oregon and a few in Alaska
excluded). The Athabaskan tone languages fall into two "mirror image" groups
. That is, a word which has a high tone in one language will have a cognate
with a low tone in another, and vice versa.
Iroquoian languages like Mohawk commonly have register tone; Oklahoma
Cherokee has the most extensive tonal inventory, with six tones, of which
four are contours.[17] Here the correlation between contour tone and simple
syllable structures is clearly shown; whereas Mohawk, with three register
tones in stressed syllables only, permits a large number of consonant
clusters, Cherokee phonotactics permit only syllables of the structure (s)(C
)V.
All Oto-Manguean languages are tonal. Most have register tone, though some
have contour tones as well. In some cases, as with Mixtec, tone system
variations between dialects are sufficiently great to cause mutual
unintelligibility.
Many Papuan languages of New Guinea like Siane possess register tone systems.
Some Indo-European languages as well as others possess what is termed pitch
accent, where only the stressed syllable of a word can have different
contour tones; these are not always considered to be cases of tone language.
Some European-based creole languages, such as Saramaccan and Papiamento,
have tone from their African substratum languages.
一句概括，亚非拉美。自豪去吧。 | l********k
发帖数: 14844 | 4 看来白人果然是和语言不发达的尼人混出来的，掌握不了声调
),
as
are
【在 z****g 的大作中提到】
: Languages that are tonal include:
: Some of the Sino-Tibetan languages. Most of the Sinitic languages (Chinese),
: some Tibetic languages, including the standard languages of Lhasa and
: Bhutan, and Burmese.
: In the Austro-Asiatic family, Vietnamese and other members of the Vietic
: languages family are strongly tonal. Other branches of this family, such as
: Mon, Khmer, and the Munda languages, are entirely non-tonal.
: Some of the Malayo-Polynesian branch of Austronesian languages in New
: Caledonia such as Paicî and Chamic languages such as Tsat in Hainan are
: tonal.
| j***g
发帖数: 11325 | | l********k
发帖数: 14844 | 6 跟广东话一样
【在 j***g 的大作中提到】
: 越南话8个声调
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