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发帖数: 22064 | 1 习近平的文艺 - 纽约时报中文网 国际纵览
The Art of Xi Jinping
By MURONG XUECUN November 24, 2014
习近平的文艺
慕容雪村 2014年11月24日
HONG KONG — Last month, President Xi Jinping of China addressed a forum of
prominent artists and writers in Beijing to enlighten us with his views on
the arts. In a
talk liberally seasoned with cultural allusions, Mr. Xi made a show of his
literary
knowledge and explained how he sees the role of art in today’s China.
香港——上个月，北京召开了一次文艺座谈会，参会的有许多著名作家和艺术家，习近
平在
会上做了一次讲话，说了一些名言警句，背诵了自己读过的书目，并且表达了他对当前
文艺的
看法。
According to the Xinhua news agency, Mr. Xi said the emphasis by artists on
“quantity over quality” has led to a one-size-fits-all approach to the
production of
art. Culture is derivative, plagiaristic and stereotyped, he said; it
produces
“mechanized fast food” that is full of “vulgarity” and “lust.”
据新华社报道，习近平认为当前的文艺创作“有数量缺质量”，有抄袭模仿、千篇一律
的问
题，有“机械化生产、快餐式消费”的问题，还谈到了“低俗”和“欲望”。
He instructed artists on how and what to create: “Use a realistic spirit
and romantic
feelings to illuminate real life, deploy light to dispel darkness, and
goodness to
defeat ugliness. Let people see the good, feel hope, have dreams.”
他教导作家和艺术家应如何创作和创作什么：“应该用现实主义精神和浪漫主义情怀观
照现实
生活，用光明驱散黑暗，用美善战胜丑恶，让人们看到美好、看到希望、看到梦想就在
前方。”
And he made clear where artists stand in his China: Artists should implement
“the
party’s policies on the arts.” Artists should not “lose themselves in the
tide of
market economy nor go astray while answering the question of ‘whom to serve
.”’
习近平强调文艺工作者必须明确其立场：文艺工作要贯彻好“党的文艺方针政策”。文
艺不能
“在市场经济大潮中迷失方向，不能在为什么人的问题上发生偏差”。
“The arts must serve the people and serve socialism.”
“文艺要坚持为人民服务、为社会主义服务这个根本方向。”
The recent gathering reminded many people of the Yan’an Talks on Literature
and
Art in 1942, where Chairman Mao, Mr. Xi’s idol, established the principles
of “party
literature,” bringing Chinese literature into the stable of Communist
propaganda.
Since then, all of China’s writers’ organizations have been government
entities, all
literary prizes have been bestowed by the state, and all published works
must endure
rigorous censorship. Writers and artists cannot criticize: their role is to
chirp about a
golden age of China, or suffer the consequences of being banned or arrested.
这次座谈会让许多人想起了1942年的延安文艺座谈会。习的偶像毛泽东在那次会议上正
式确
立了“党管文艺”的原则。从那以后，中国文学和艺术就渐渐成了共产党的宣传工具，
一切文
艺机构都是政府机构，一切文艺奖项都是政府奖项，所有公开发表的作品都要经过重重
的审
查，作家和艺术家不能批评，更不能讽刺挖苦，只能描写阳光明媚，否则就可能会被查
禁甚至
逮捕。
Following the president’s speech, a “Learn from Xi Jinping” campaign
swept
across the country. Artists and writers piped up, one after another on
social media, to
congratulate Mr. Xi for being well-read or to praise his remarks. Many
artists said
they found his words inspiring.
北京文艺座谈会开过之后，不出意料地，全国各地都开始学习习近平的讲话。参加会议
和未参
加会议的作家、艺术家纷纷发言，有的赞美他读书多，有的赞美他的语言“亲切平实”
，更多
的人说自己“备受鼓舞”。
In a country like China, even casual remarks by the top leaders have an
unsurpassable
authority. Mr. Xi’s enthusiasm can spark new trends in Chinese letters, his
criticism
can mold the entire field of literature.
在中国这样的国家，最高领导人随便一句话都有着无上的权威。在未来几年间，习近平
的个人
喜好必将改变中国文艺的审美趣味，而他的批评也很可能会成为整肃文艺的指针。
Few people question whether Mr. Xi has the credentials to tell writers what
to do. In
the past few months, he has become the best-selling author in China, perhaps
even
in the world. His book “New Sayings From Zhijiang,” a collection of
newspaper
columns based on Communist Party dogma that he wrote in the early 2000s when
he
was secretary of Zhejiang Province, shot to the top of the charts after his
elevation to
the presidency in 2012. Two follow-up books have done even better.
几乎没人质疑“习近平是否有资格对文艺指手划脚”。在最近几个月，他已经成了全中
国乃至
全世界最畅销的作家。在他2012年出任国家主席后，他的旧作《之江新语》突然就成了
超级
畅销书。这本书是他的专栏合集，在他担任浙江省委书记期间，他曾经在当地的报纸开
设专
栏，写的多半都是共产党的传统官话。另外两本书（《习近平谈治国理政》和《习近平
总书记
系列重要讲话读本》）的成绩更为惊人。
Ever since Chairman Mao, every party leader has been a best-selling author.
Indeed,
we have been blessed with a series of all-around geniuses. Mao, the
revolutionary,
government leader and military strategist, was also a poet, calligrapher and
prodigious swimmer. Deng Xiaoping was a bridge master. Xi Jinping has been
celebrated not only for his writing talent but also for his soccer skills.
自毛泽东以降，共产中国的每一任领袖都是畅销作家，同时还是了不起的通才甚至全才
。除了
“革命家、政治家、战略家”等共用头衔外，毛还是诗人、书法家和游泳健将，邓小平
是设计
师和桥牌高手，习近平上任不过两年，却已经显示出他在足球和写作方面的过人才华。
Censorship is the greatest obstruction to the flourishing of writing and the
creative
arts. Rather than engaging the Chinese people about creative expression, Mr.
Xi is
just laying down the law: “Your writing must be patriotic;” “you must
honor our
glorious cultural traditions;” literature and art must not be contaminated
by “the
stench of money.”
虽然审查已经成了中国文学和艺术的最大障碍，习近平却无一字谈到创作自由，只是指
示“要
把爱国主义作为文艺创作主旋律”，“要传承和弘扬优秀传统文化”，“文学和艺术不
能沾满
铜臭气”。
Although these words have no legal significance, they are far more effective
than any
edict because, through a national campaign to “Learn from Papa Xi,” they
will
inevitably give birth to new guidelines for the publishing and film
industries and set
the standard for all kinds of prizes and awards. In the coming years, even
if Chinese
writing and the arts can purge itself of the so-called stench of money,
after this
speech, the foul smell of Mr. Xi’s words will linger.
这些话虽然不是法律，却有着比任何法律都更强大的效力。在全国“学习习大大讲话”
的过程
中，这些话一定会被过度解读和诠释，并成为出版业、影视业及各种奖项评选的标准。
未来数
年，中国文艺即使能够摆脱所谓的铜臭气，也将不可避免地沾染上“习气”。
The most dangerous aspect of Mr. Xi’s speech could be his negative
appraisal of the
arts. Phrases like “vulgarity,” “lust” and “sensual entertainment”
could well
become the slogans of a future party campaign to “rectify” the arts.
更危险的还是他对当前文艺的批评：“低俗”、“欲望”和“感官娱乐”。这些话很可
能会成
为未来共产党整肃文艺的指针。
Only five days after the Beijing symposium, the Guangming Daily newspaper
published an opinion article saying that writers and artists in thrall to “
Western
theories” need to resist “unhealthy thoughts, low tastes and mistaken
ideas,” and
indeed dare to “publicly and unequivocally criticize them.”
就在北京座谈会结束的五天后，《光明日报》发表评论文章，提出要抵制西方文艺理论
，在
“不良思潮、低俗趣味、错误思想”面前要敢于“旗帜鲜明地提出批评”。
The crux of Mr. Xi’s much touted “China dream” is a peace that is
intolerant of
dissent. A teacher who doesn’t obey the party (like the legal scholars
Zhang
Xuezhong and Chen Hongguo) will be pressured to leave his university post; a
publication that doesn’t obey the party (like Southern Weekend and China
Through
the Ages) will be punished; an individual who crosses the party (like the
lawyer Pu
Zhiqiang and the rights activist Guo Yushan) will be locked up. Now the
government
has fixed its sights on literature and the arts. We can imagine that the
government’s
list of forbidden films, broadcasts and publications will swell with
additional
categories of banned work. Even though many of Mr. Xi’s boosters are
proclaiming
a new spring in the arts, I think that before that spring arrives, we will
endure a long
winter.
这或许就是习近平的“中国梦”：一个过于安静的、容不下任何杂音的梦。不听话的教
师（如
法律学者张雪忠和谌洪果）会被赶下讲台；不听话的报刊（如《南方周末》和《炎黄春
秋》）
会被严厉整肃；不听话的个体（如浦志强和郭玉闪）会被送进监牢。而现在，他们又把
目光瞄
向了文学和艺术。可以设想，在未来几年，中国政府的禁映、禁播和禁止出版名单上又
将增添
新的品种。虽然习近平的支持者正在欢呼文艺春天的到来，但我确信，在这春天之前，
我们还
将经历一个无比漫长的严冬。
The tragedy of the early 20th century journalist and literary writer Wang
Shiwei is a
disturbing point of reference for many artists who value free expression.
The onetime Mao supporter wrote an essay critical of the chairman and the
party elite in
1942 before the infamous Yan’an forum on literature and art. He was then
criticized,
beaten and imprisoned for several years before being hacked to death, his
remains
reportedly dropped in a well.
20世纪上半叶，作家王实味遭遇或许可以代表那整整一代人的苦难，1942年，在恶名昭
著的
延安文艺座谈会之前，自愿投奔延安的王实味发表了一篇几千字的文章，批评延安的“
衣分五
色，食分三等”，然后被批斗、被拷打、被长期监禁，最后被一刀砍死，尸体沉入枯井。
In his fateful essay, Wang said that he had done his best “to strive for
the light.”
Seventy-two years later, as today’s artists face a similar situation, how
many could
stand up and say, like Wang, that they’ve done everything they could to see
the light?
在这篇致命的文章中，王实味说“要尽一切力量走向光明”。72年之后，面对着几乎同
样的
会议、同样的处境，中国的作家和艺术家们，还有几人会说“我们要尽一切力量走向光
明”？
慕容雪村是中国小说家和博客作者，出版有小说《成都，今夜请将我遗忘》。本文英文
版发表于《纽约时报》。
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