T*R
发帖数: 36302 | 1 现在加州在暴发麻疹，据说是菲律宾人传入的，因为菲律宾正在流行麻疹。
出门去人多的地方，最好带个口罩，普通医用口罩就行了，不需要N95。
CDC reports biggest measles outbreak since 1996
Measles have infected 129 people in 13 states in 2014, the most in the first
four months of any year since 1996, officials from the Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention reported Thursday as they warned clinicians, parents
and others to watch for the potentially deadly virus.
Thirty-four of the cases were imported via travel to other countries,
including 17 from the Philippines, where a huge outbreak has affected 20,000
people and caused 69 deaths, said Anne Schuchat, director of the National
Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases.
There have been no measles deaths reported from the outbreak in the United
States, and none since 2003. But Schuchat acknowledged that “it’s probably
just a numbers game, probably just a matter of time until we have more.”
One or two of every 1,000 cases of measles are fatal, according to the CDC.
California, with 58 cases, has been hit hardest by one of the 13 separate
outbreaks of measles in the United States. New York has seen 24 infections
and Washington state has had 13.
Measles is a highly contagious respiratory disease that generally affects
young children, causing fever, a runny nose, a cough and a distinctive rash
all over the body. About one in 10 children also gets an ear infection and
one in 20 comes down with pneumonia. A person with measles is contagious as
long as four days before the symptoms are apparent, Schuchat said. Parents
and even physicians who haven’t seen measles in years may be unaware of the
early warning signs, she said.
In the past 20 years, a concerted public health campaign, especially among
lower-income families, has made measles outbreaks rare. The disease has been
considered eradicated since 2000. But today, the number of unvaccinated
children has begun to become a problem, Schuchat said. Some people are
choosing not to have their children immunized for personal reasons and
others are unaware of, or unable to get, vaccinations, before they arrive in
the U.S. She said the CDC is also seeing growth in the disease pertussis,
also known as whooping cough.
Before vaccinations were available, about 500,000 people were infected with
measles annually in the U.S., a number that fell to about 60 after the
disease was all but eliminated in 2000. Since 2010, it has increased to an
average of 155 cases per year.
Still, she said, fewer than one percent of the toddlers in the United States
have received no vaccines at all. “Vaccinating your children is still a
social norm in this country,” she said.
In a telephone news conference Thursday, CDC Director Thomas Frieden lauded
the Vaccines For Children program started in 1994, after a measles outbreak
from 1989-1991 resulted in 55,000 cases, primarily because poor and
uninsured children had not been immunized. Among children born in the
following two decades, the CDC estimated, vaccinations prevented an
estimated 322 million illnesses and 732,000 deaths, saving about $295
billion. The program provides free vaccinations for measles and 13 other
diseases.
But “we can’t let our successes result in complacency,” Frieden said. “
In fact measles, is very common in some parts of the world…An it travels
fast.” He said 20 million people across the globe get the disease annually,
and 122,000 of them die.
In a separate commentary Thursday in the Annals of Internal Medicine,
epidemiologist Julia Shaklee Sammons warned that “as more parents decline
to vaccinate their children, measles incidence is increasing—a fact that
alarms me both as a hospital epidemiologist and as a parent of a vulnerable
infant too young to receive the measles vaccine.” When infected patients
seek medical care, she noted, “hospitals and clinics may inadvertently fuel
transmission if those with measles are not rapidly triaged and isolated.”
The proportion of vaccinated children varies by state, depending on the
toughness of their immunization laws, Sammons said. Nationally the measles,
mumps, rubella vaccination rate is over 90 percent, but in 15 states it is
below that standard, she wrote. New York magazine reported last month on
schools in California and New York with low immunization rates among
students, in part because parents are choosing not to vaccinate them.
The CDC said that 54 of this year’s 58 California cases were in some way
associated with importation of the virus from abroad. Twenty-five of the
people infected were not immunized–19 of them because of philosophical
objections–and 18 more had no documentation of vaccinations. Three were too
young for routine vaccination and three others were not vaccinated for
unknown reasons.
Eleven had received two or more doses of vaccine that did not protect them.
The vaccine is about 97 percent effective, said CDC official Gregory S.
Wallace, so about three in 100 people who are vaccinated and exposed to the
infection will contract it. | z*******3
发帖数: 13709 | | S**********b
发帖数: 3142 | 3 mmr 负责的都是以前被叫做学童病
你怎么也二三十岁了，感染的可能性非常小。
70年代中国出生的大多得过腮腺炎和水痘，麻疹的数据不全。
活过来的再得的可能性几乎没有
美国的情形是以前5岁易患的病现在推迟到15岁
前阵子美国反智大流行
有人说mmr会让小孩autism
所以就有人开始不种疫苗
这是原因之一
在美国感染这些传染病的概率跟国内比
那是小巫大巫的区别
只要你住在the better part of the town，
You're safe.
【在 z*******3 的大作中提到】
: 小时候我得过，所以终身免疫鸟
| S**********b
发帖数: 3142 | 4 Measles 虽说是经飞沫传播，经空气传播的呼吸道传染病
但是
尤其是 Measles Encephalitis in Children
也可以通过粪口传播的
有些小孩感染了measles 没有症状却可以将measles传播给别人
所以任何小孩随地便溺都是极端错误的
国内已经死了多少手足口病的小孩了？
手足口病也是又经呼吸道传播，又经消化道传播
first
Disease
parents
000
【在 T*R 的大作中提到】
: 现在加州在暴发麻疹，据说是菲律宾人传入的，因为菲律宾正在流行麻疹。
: 出门去人多的地方，最好带个口罩，普通医用口罩就行了，不需要N95。
: CDC reports biggest measles outbreak since 1996
: Measles have infected 129 people in 13 states in 2014, the most in the first
: four months of any year since 1996, officials from the Centers for Disease
: Control and Prevention reported Thursday as they warned clinicians, parents
: and others to watch for the potentially deadly virus.
: Thirty-four of the cases were imported via travel to other countries,
: including 17 from the Philippines, where a huge outbreak has affected 20,000
: people and caused 69 deaths, said Anne Schuchat, director of the National
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