c**i
发帖数: 6973 | 1 Wall Street Journal today (Feb 28, 2011) has a section titled Innovation in
Energy
http://online.wsj.com/public/page
/innovations-in-energy-02282011.html
, which includes the following.
(1) A Century of Innovation.
http://online.wsj.com/article/SB1000142405274870415060457616647
(a) The illustration states, "Early 1910s
* The world's first commercial geothermal plant is built in Lardarello,
Italt.
* First diesel-powered oceangoing ship is launched."
(i)
* electricity generation
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation
Quote:
"The fundamental principles of electricity generation were discovered during
the 1820s and early 1830s by the British scientist Michael Faraday. His
basic method is still used today: electricity is generated by the movement
of a loop of wire, or disc of copper between the poles of a magnet.
"Electricity is most often generated at a power station by electromechanical
generators, primarily driven by heat engines fueled by chemical combustion
or nuclear fission but also by other means such as the kinetic energy of
flowing water and wind. There are many other technologies that can be and
are used to generate electricity such as solar photovoltaics and geothermal
power.
* Charles Algernon Parsons
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Algernon_Parsons
(1854-1931/ He developed a turbine engine there in 1884 and immediately
utilized the new engine to drive an electrical generator, which he also
designed. Parsons' steam turbine made cheap and plentiful electricity
possible and revolutionised marine transport and naval warfare - the world
would never be the same again)
* geothermal electricity
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geothermal_electricity
("Prince Piero Ginori Conti tested the first geothermal power generator on 4
July 1904 in Larderello, Italy. It successfully lit four light bulbs. Later
, in 1911, the world's first commercial geothermal power plant was built
there. * * * Italy was the world's only industrial producer of geothermal
electricity until 1958. In 1958, New Zealand became the second major
industrial producer of geothermal electricity when its Wairakei station was
commissioned")
(ii) MS Selandia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS_Selandia
('Selandia' is the Latin name for the Danish island of Sjælland;
ordered by the Danish trading firm East Asiatic Company for service between
Scandinavia, Genoa, Italy, and Bangkok, Thailand; built at Burmeister & Wain
Shipyard in Copenhagen, Denmark and launched on 4 November 1911./ She was
the world's first ocean-going diesel-powered ship – previous vessel were
steam-powered./ Built for cargo and passenger carriage)
(b) The illustration states, "1913 Oil refineries first use thermal
cracking, dramatically increasing the amount of gasoline produced from a
barrel of oil.
(i) Oil refinery
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_refinery
(caption of a drawing: Crude oil is separated into fractions by fractional
distillation. The fractions at the top of the fractionating column have
lower boiling points than the fractions at the bottom. The heavy bottom
fractions are often cracked into lighter, more useful products. All of the
fractions are processed further in other refining units.)
(ii) "Simply put, hydrocarbon cracking is the process of breaking long-chain
hydrocarbons into short ones."
en.wikipedia.org
(ii) William Merriam Burton
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Merriam_Burton
(c) bucket-wheel excavator
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucket-wheel_excavator
(act as a continuous digging machine in large-scale open pit mining
operations; Material picked up by the cutting wheel is transferred back)
The cutting wheel with buckets is in the right lower corner of the photo.
(d) synthetic fuel
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic_fuel
(section 2 History)
(e) "Pure Oil Company was an American petroleum company founded in 1914 and
sold to what is now Union Oil Company of California [doing business as
Unocal] in 1965."
(f) Superior Oil Company
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superior_Oil_Company
(now part of ExxonMobil; Superior Oil was founded in 1921 in Coalinga,
California by William Myron Keck, also founder of the W. M. Keck Foundation.
/ In 1938, the company constructed the first offshore oil platform off the
Gulf Coast of Louisiana in cooperation with Pure Oil, another independent
producer)
(g) The illustration indicates, "1939 A gas combustion turbine is used to
generate electricty in Neuchatel, Switzerland, a simpler and more efficient
way to produce power than steam turbines.
(i) gas turbine
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_turbine
( rotary engine that extracts energy from a flow of combustion gas; section
1 History: "1939: First 4 MW utility power generation gas turbine from BBC
Brown, Boveri & Cie. for an emergency power station in Neuchâtel,
Switzerland")
(ii) To compare gas turbine with steam turbine, see
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation
(section 1.1 Turbines)
(h) oil tanker
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_tanker
(section 1.5 The supertanker era: In 1958, United States shipping magnate
Daniel K. Ludwig broke the barrier of 100,000 long tons of heavy
displacement. His Universe Apollo displaced 104,500 long tons, a 23%
increase from the previous record-holder, Universe Leader which also
belonged to Ludwig)
(2) Robert A Guth, A Window Into the Nuclear Future; TerraPower—with the
backing of Bill Gates—has a radical vision for the reactors of tomorrow.
http://online.wsj.com/article/SB1000142
4052748704409004576146061231899264.html
My comment:
(a) Please start by reading section 2 with the heading Green Wood.
(b) For "traveling wave," see wave
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traveling_wave
(Consider a traveling transverse wave (which may be a pulse) on a string (
the medium). Consider the string to have a single spatial dimension.
Consider this wave as traveling in the x direction in space)
(c) Kennedy Maize, Traveling Wave Reactors: Wave Goodbye. Power Magazine,
Mar 25, 2010.
http://www.powermag.com/blog/index.php/2010/03/27/traveling-wav
("Problems? Plenty")
(3) Russell Gold, The Power of Knowledge; With new monitors, homeowners can
keep track of their electricity use in real time. It can make all the
difference.
http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052
748703293204576105964069755504.html
Quote:
"Unlike smart meters, which allow homeowners to view their total usage only
after a delay, home-electricity monitors tell consumers specifics about
their energy usage and what it's costing them in real time.
Mr. Tom Tassi "bought a TED 5000c, made by Energy Inc., Charleston, S.C. The
$240 device (whose initials stand for The Energy Detective) measures how
much electricity his house is using and how much it is costing him, minute
by minute, and wirelessly transmits the data to a hand-held device. After
installing the system, Mr. Tassi started wandering around his house with the
wireless reader. He turned on the dishwasher and the television and watched
his power consumption increase
Note:
(a) In quotation 1, the difference is "total" for smart meters and
individual appliance for home-electricity monitors.
(b) The online but not the print edition of the report shows what a home-
electricity monitor looks like.
(c) ballast (n):
"1: a heavy substance placed in such a way as to improve stability and
control (as of the draft of a ship or the buoyancy of a balloon or submarine)
* * *
4: a device used to provide the starting voltage or to stabilize the current
in a circuit (as of a fluorescent lamp)"
www.m-w.com
For def. 4, see electrical ballast
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_ballast | s****n
发帖数: 1140 | 2 崔教授太不专业了，竟然写错别字
in
【在 c**i 的大作中提到】
: Wall Street Journal today (Feb 28, 2011) has a section titled Innovation in
: Energy
: http://online.wsj.com/public/page
: /innovations-in-energy-02282011.html
: , which includes the following.
: (1) A Century of Innovation.
: http://online.wsj.com/article/SB1000142405274870415060457616647
: (a) The illustration states, "Early 1910s
: * The world's first commercial geothermal plant is built in Lardarello,
: Italt.
|
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