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发帖数: 9616 | 1 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liu_Xiaobo
Liu Xiaobo
Born 28 December 1955 (1955-12-28) (age 54)
Changchun, Jilin, China
Nationality Chinese
Alma mater Jilin University
Beijing Normal University
Occupation Writer, political commentator, human rights activist
Spouse Liu Xia
Awards 2010 Nobel Peace Prize
Liu Xiaobo (simplified Chinese: 刘晓波; traditional Chinese: 劉曉波; pinyin:
Liú Xiǎobō; born 28 December 1955) is a Chinese intellectual, writer,
and human rights activist and a political prisoner in China.
He has served as President of the Independent Chinese PEN Center since 2003.
On 8 December 2008, Liu was detained in response to his participation with
Charter 08. He was formally arrested on 23 June 2009, on suspicion of "
inciting subversion of state power."[1][2] He was tried on the same charges
on 23 December 2009,[3] and sentenced to eleven years' imprisonment and two
years' deprivation of political rights on 25 December 2009.[4]
During his 4th prison term from 2009 to 2020, he won the Nobel Peace Prize
on 8 October 2010, for "his long and non-violent struggle for fundamental
human rights in China."[5][6][7]
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Early life and education
Liu was born in Changchun, Jilin, in 1955 to an intellectual family. From
1969 to 1973, he was taken by his father to the Horqin Right Front Banner of
Inner Mongolia during the Down to the Countryside Movement. At the age of
19, it was once again arranged for him to work in a village in Jilin
province and later at a construction company.[8]
In 1976, he studied at Jilin University and obtained a B.A. degree in
literature in 1982 and an M.A. degree in 1984 from Beijing Normal University
.[8][9][10]
After graduation, Liu joined the faculty at Beijing Normal University, where
he also received a Ph.D. degree in 1988.
In the 1980s, his most important essays, Critique on Choices - Dialogue with
Le Zehou and Aesthetics and Human Freedom earned him fame in the academic
field. The essay criticised a prominent Chinese thinker Li Zehou's
philosophy.
Between 1988 and 1989, he was a visiting scholar at several universities
outside of China, including Columbia University, the University of Oslo and
the University of Hawaii.
During the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests he was in the United States but
decided to go back to China to join the movement. He was later named as one
of the "Four Junzis of Tiananman Square" by many Hong Kong- and Taiwan-based
Chinese media.
Human rights activities
Liu Xiaobo is a human rights activist who has called on the Chinese
government to be accountable for its actions. He has been detained, arrested
and sentenced repeatedly for his peaceful political activities, beginning
with his participation in the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 and on four
other occasions since.
In January 1991, Liu Xiaobo was convicted on charges of "counter-
revolutionary propaganda and incitement," but he was exempt from criminal
punishment.[4] In October 1996, he was ordered to serve three years of re-
education through labor on charges of "disturbing public order"[4][11] for
criticizing the Communist Party of China.[12] In 2007, Liu was briefly
detained and questioned about articles he wrote which were published online
on websites hosted outside Mainland China.
Liu's human rights work has received international recognition. In 2004,
Reporters Without Borders honored Liu's human rights work, awarding him the
Fondation de France Prize as a defender of press freedom.[13]
Prison terms for Liu Xiaobo[14] Prison term Reason Result
June 1989–January 1991 Charged with spreading messages to instigate
counterrevolutionary behavior. Imprisoned in one of China's best-known
maximum security prisons, Qincheng Prison, and discharged when he signed a "
letter of repentance."
May 1995–January 1996 Being involved in democracy and human rights
movement and voicing publicly the need to redress government's wrongdoings
in the student protest of 1989 Released after being jailed for six
months.
October 1996–October 1999 Charged with disturbing the social order
Jailed in a labor education camp for three years. In 1996, he married Liu
Xia.
December 2009–2020 Charged with spreading a message to subvert the
country and authority Sentenced for 11 years and deprived of all
political rights for two years. Currently imprisoned in Jinzhou Prison in
Liaoning Province.[15]
Charter 08, arrest and trial |
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