a******1
发帖数: 1519 | 1 看来这个内外家的问题已经搞清楚了。所谓的内外家只是个历史名词和习惯叫法。转一
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What do you consider to be the distinguishing characteristics of Tai Ji,
Xing Yi and Ba Gua, beyond the obvious physical differences?
In answer to this question, let me first state that after twenty-five years
of martial arts study and practice I think the labels Internal and External,
although convenient, are really misnomers. In fact, if you ask a hundred
different practitioners of the Chinese arts for a definition of these terms,
you'll probably get a hundred different answers. In my opinion, all martial
arts are based on certain sets of principles. The principles define the
style. Calling Xing Yi Quan, Tai Ji Quan and Ba Gua Zhang Jnternal arts only
began about seventy years ago. This came about because some famous
practitioners of these styles in the early part of the Twentieth Century (
most notably Sun Lu Tang) cross trained, and subsequently began referring to
these arts as belonging to the same family, as they were based upon similar
principles. Prior to this time, Xing Yi Quan, Tai Ji Quan, Ba Gua Zhang,
the Shaolin arts, Long Fist, etc. were simply categorized as martial arts.
What the above mentioned masters were referring to when they chose the label
Internal was the underlying principles which were common to the arts they
studied. Principles of the arts later named Internal were complete physical
relaxation, yielding to force, the use of the power of the whole body under
mental control and relying on sensitivity and skill to overcome brute
strength. Now here is the problem with such labels. It is not the particular
Art itself that is Internal or External, it is the way the art is practiced
. There are no Internal or External martial arts, only Internal and External
practitioners (if we assume Internal refers to the principles listed above,
and external is anything which is outside of these principles). I have seen
practitioners of the so-called External arts who were as soft as cotton and
who threw their opponents seemingly by magic. I have also seen
practitioners of Xing Yi Quan tensing their muscles so much that their arms
were shaking with the effort. I often hear other teachers refer to some
style as being Internal while another is External out of hand; if questioned
, they really have no clear concept of the difference. It is popular to
repeat some nebulous definition along the lines of the Internal styles
cultivating Qi while the External styles are more concerned with muscle
force. This is merely parroting the party line and, I think it will only
lead to increasing confusion. Arts of Xing Yi Quan, Tai Ji Quan and Ba Gua
Zhang, as Internal styles (based upon the principles of relaxation, yielding
and skill listed above) really only differ in the manner in which these
principles are applied, due to their founders' personal backgrounds,
temperaments and needs. In a nutshell, Xing Yi Quan techniques tend to be
more percussive in nature, with the Xing Yi Quan fighter preferring to
attack, otherwise taking the smallest defensive angle possible before
counter-attacking. It is important to remember Xing Yi Quan is an art
originally based upon spear fighting. Tai Ji -Quan techniques tend toward
yielding to force completely and then returning it to the opponent, much as
the rebound of a rubber ball or the counter action to pressure on a balance
scale. Tai Ji Quan techniques have their roots in the hand to hand combat
techniques of the unarmed warrior dealing with an armed opponent. Ba Gua
Zhang techniques differ widely between styles but emphasize mobility,
flexible bodywork and evasion with direct counter attack. Striking
combinations are secondary to throwing, takedown and leverage techniques.
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Do you favor one internal system over the others, and if so, why?
Since the Internal systems are based upon the same principles, training in
one will develop the attributes necessary in the others. I think the
important point is that no single martial art is adequate to prepare the
practitioner for the full range of situations that may potentially occur in
a real fight. Individuals will naturally gravitate toward those arts which
best suit their individual physicality and personality, but it is vital to
become well rounded enough to have constructive responses to any situation
which may arise. Almost without exception, all of the famous masters of old
(those that were famous for actually fighting) trained in several different
systems. Cross training was and is the only way to truly prepare for real
fighting. Remember that all styles of martial arts were founded by men who
had cross-trained, and then christened their synthesis as a new style. As
much as the romantic in us would like to believe the old myths, the truth is
no one ever learned a style in a dream, from reading the Book of Changes or
from watching snakes, birds and bugs. Personally, I believe that for the
vast majority of people, although it is vital to be able to punch and kick,
a foundation in the wrestling/grappling-based arts is the most important for
martial proficiency.
What are your personal feelings about the internal and external styles?
I think I summed up my feelings about the internal and external styles above
. I would only add that I believe it is important to respect the
practitioners of all types of martial arts, regardless of the style.
Remaining humble with an open mind is the only way to continuous improvement
. You can learn something from just about everyone. I often tell my students
, "if it works for you, it's good." |
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