r*****d
发帖数: 1924 | 1 公元前3世纪，中国的王公贵族们便向皇帝敬献了由果汁和冰雪混合物制成的食品，这
种在当时看来不寻常的食品的食谱被当作秘密保存了下来，直到公元9世纪才被公开。
而在欧洲，冰与雪制成的食品被认为在古罗马时期已开始出现，当时的古罗马皇帝尼禄
从山区采集巨大的冰块以制作食品并修建大的冰窖来长期储存这些冰块。类似于冰淇淋
的冷却果汁在历史上所罗门王统治时的宫殿里十分流行，古希腊著名的医师认为用冰淇
淋可以治疗痉挛并有助于健康。
16世纪，当马可波罗从中国返回意大利时，也将在中国品尝的冰淇淋甜点介绍到了欧洲
，他与当地的厨师分享了从中国带回的冰淇淋制作食谱。
17世纪，许多不同种类的冰淇淋在奥地利安妮王后统治期间被介绍到法国，冰淇淋逐渐
演变成一种大众所共享的美食，连拿破仑都成为冰淇淋食品的狂热爱好者。 | Z*****l
发帖数: 14069 | 2 拿破仑还喜欢吃巧克力，饮食习惯很不好。
【在 r*****d 的大作中提到】
: 公元前3世纪，中国的王公贵族们便向皇帝敬献了由果汁和冰雪混合物制成的食品，这
: 种在当时看来不寻常的食品的食谱被当作秘密保存了下来，直到公元9世纪才被公开。
: 而在欧洲，冰与雪制成的食品被认为在古罗马时期已开始出现，当时的古罗马皇帝尼禄
: 从山区采集巨大的冰块以制作食品并修建大的冰窖来长期储存这些冰块。类似于冰淇淋
: 的冷却果汁在历史上所罗门王统治时的宫殿里十分流行，古希腊著名的医师认为用冰淇
: 淋可以治疗痉挛并有助于健康。
: 16世纪，当马可波罗从中国返回意大利时，也将在中国品尝的冰淇淋甜点介绍到了欧洲
: ，他与当地的厨师分享了从中国带回的冰淇淋制作食谱。
: 17世纪，许多不同种类的冰淇淋在奥地利安妮王后统治期间被介绍到法国，冰淇淋逐渐
: 演变成一种大众所共享的美食，连拿破仑都成为冰淇淋食品的狂热爱好者。
| r*****d
发帖数: 1924 | 3 黑巧克力有益健康
【在 Z*****l 的大作中提到】
: 拿破仑还喜欢吃巧克力，饮食习惯很不好。
| h****n
发帖数: 141 | 4 这玩艺现在说应该是刨冰吧。加入奶油的才叫冰淇淋吧。
不过很奇怪为什么要把ice cream翻译成冰淇淋，而不是冰奶油之类的。
【在 r*****d 的大作中提到】
: 公元前3世纪，中国的王公贵族们便向皇帝敬献了由果汁和冰雪混合物制成的食品，这
: 种在当时看来不寻常的食品的食谱被当作秘密保存了下来，直到公元9世纪才被公开。
: 而在欧洲，冰与雪制成的食品被认为在古罗马时期已开始出现，当时的古罗马皇帝尼禄
: 从山区采集巨大的冰块以制作食品并修建大的冰窖来长期储存这些冰块。类似于冰淇淋
: 的冷却果汁在历史上所罗门王统治时的宫殿里十分流行，古希腊著名的医师认为用冰淇
: 淋可以治疗痉挛并有助于健康。
: 16世纪，当马可波罗从中国返回意大利时，也将在中国品尝的冰淇淋甜点介绍到了欧洲
: ，他与当地的厨师分享了从中国带回的冰淇淋制作食谱。
: 17世纪，许多不同种类的冰淇淋在奥地利安妮王后统治期间被介绍到法国，冰淇淋逐渐
: 演变成一种大众所共享的美食，连拿破仑都成为冰淇淋食品的狂热爱好者。
| w**t
发帖数: 3247 | 5 波斯人好像更早。
【在 r*****d 的大作中提到】
: 公元前3世纪，中国的王公贵族们便向皇帝敬献了由果汁和冰雪混合物制成的食品，这
: 种在当时看来不寻常的食品的食谱被当作秘密保存了下来，直到公元9世纪才被公开。
: 而在欧洲，冰与雪制成的食品被认为在古罗马时期已开始出现，当时的古罗马皇帝尼禄
: 从山区采集巨大的冰块以制作食品并修建大的冰窖来长期储存这些冰块。类似于冰淇淋
: 的冷却果汁在历史上所罗门王统治时的宫殿里十分流行，古希腊著名的医师认为用冰淇
: 淋可以治疗痉挛并有助于健康。
: 16世纪，当马可波罗从中国返回意大利时，也将在中国品尝的冰淇淋甜点介绍到了欧洲
: ，他与当地的厨师分享了从中国带回的冰淇淋制作食谱。
: 17世纪，许多不同种类的冰淇淋在奥地利安妮王后统治期间被介绍到法国，冰淇淋逐渐
: 演变成一种大众所共享的美食，连拿破仑都成为冰淇淋食品的狂热爱好者。
| b********7
发帖数: 12906 | 6 ice = 冰 (意译)
cream = 淇淋(音译)
【在 h****n 的大作中提到】
: 这玩艺现在说应该是刨冰吧。加入奶油的才叫冰淇淋吧。
: 不过很奇怪为什么要把ice cream翻译成冰淇淋，而不是冰奶油之类的。
| m*****d
发帖数: 1613 | 7 这个说法是不靠谱。中国传统饮食里面基本上没有奶制品。搞这个还是西方人，中西亚
人差不多。
【在 h****n 的大作中提到】
: 这玩艺现在说应该是刨冰吧。加入奶油的才叫冰淇淋吧。
: 不过很奇怪为什么要把ice cream翻译成冰淇淋，而不是冰奶油之类的。
| s*******e
发帖数: 4188 | 8 以前microsoft encarta encyclopedia里说冰激凌是中国人发明的 | l*****t
发帖数: 4407 | | b*****o
发帖数: 2407 | 10 上次在图书馆借了一本冰淇淋制作的菜谱书籍，上面的引言介绍确实是说最早的冰淇淋
在中国。
【在 r*****d 的大作中提到】
: 公元前3世纪，中国的王公贵族们便向皇帝敬献了由果汁和冰雪混合物制成的食品，这
: 种在当时看来不寻常的食品的食谱被当作秘密保存了下来，直到公元9世纪才被公开。
: 而在欧洲，冰与雪制成的食品被认为在古罗马时期已开始出现，当时的古罗马皇帝尼禄
: 从山区采集巨大的冰块以制作食品并修建大的冰窖来长期储存这些冰块。类似于冰淇淋
: 的冷却果汁在历史上所罗门王统治时的宫殿里十分流行，古希腊著名的医师认为用冰淇
: 淋可以治疗痉挛并有助于健康。
: 16世纪，当马可波罗从中国返回意大利时，也将在中国品尝的冰淇淋甜点介绍到了欧洲
: ，他与当地的厨师分享了从中国带回的冰淇淋制作食谱。
: 17世纪，许多不同种类的冰淇淋在奥地利安妮王后统治期间被介绍到法国，冰淇淋逐渐
: 演变成一种大众所共享的美食，连拿破仑都成为冰淇淋食品的狂热爱好者。
| | | c**i
发帖数: 6973 | 11 You are propagating lies. Do you have any evidence to supoort what you say
here? None!
Mr. Marco Polo's account is preserved. Check if you can find anything about
ice cream.
Chinese did not drink cow milk, except those in Mongolia and Tibet.
【在 r*****d 的大作中提到】
: 公元前3世纪，中国的王公贵族们便向皇帝敬献了由果汁和冰雪混合物制成的食品，这
: 种在当时看来不寻常的食品的食谱被当作秘密保存了下来，直到公元9世纪才被公开。
: 而在欧洲，冰与雪制成的食品被认为在古罗马时期已开始出现，当时的古罗马皇帝尼禄
: 从山区采集巨大的冰块以制作食品并修建大的冰窖来长期储存这些冰块。类似于冰淇淋
: 的冷却果汁在历史上所罗门王统治时的宫殿里十分流行，古希腊著名的医师认为用冰淇
: 淋可以治疗痉挛并有助于健康。
: 16世纪，当马可波罗从中国返回意大利时，也将在中国品尝的冰淇淋甜点介绍到了欧洲
: ，他与当地的厨师分享了从中国带回的冰淇淋制作食谱。
: 17世纪，许多不同种类的冰淇淋在奥地利安妮王后统治期间被介绍到法国，冰淇淋逐渐
: 演变成一种大众所共享的美食，连拿破仑都成为冰淇淋食品的狂热爱好者。
| r*****d
发帖数: 1924 | 12 看来马可波罗把ice cream从中国传到意大利一事是个传说，没有正史记载
Ice Cream History and Folklore
Most of the following material has been extracted from "The History of Ice C
ream", written by the International Association of Ice Cream Manufacturers (
IAICM), Washington DC, 1978. As you will note below, however, much of the ea
rly history of ice cream remains unproven folklore.
Once upon a time, hundreds of years ago, Charles I of England hosted a sumpt
ous state banquet for many of his friends and family. The meal, consisting o
f many delicacies of the day, had been simply superb but the "coup de grace"
was yet to come. After much preparation, the King's french chef had concoct
ed an apparently new dish. It was cold and resembled fresh- fallen snow but
was much creamier and sweeter than any other after- dinner dessert. The gues
ts were delighted, as was Charles, who summoned the cook and asked him not t
o divulge the recipe for his frozen cream. The King wanted the delicacy to b
e served only at the Royal table and offered the cook 500 pounds a year to k
eep it that way. Sometime later, however, poor Charles fell into disfavour w
ith his people and was beheaded in 1649. But by that time, the secret of the
frozen cream remained a secret no more. The cook, named DeMirco, had not ke
pt his promise.
This story is just one of many of the fascinating tales which surround the e
volution of our country's most popular dessert, ice cream. It is likely that
ice cream was not invented, but rather came to be over years of similar eff
orts. Indeed, the Roman Emperor Nero Claudius Caesar is said to have sent sl
aves to the mountains to bring snow and ice to cool and freeze the fruit dri
nks he was so fond of. Centuries later, the Italian Marco Polo returned from
his famous journey to the Far East with a recipe for making water ices rese
mbling modern day sherbets.
A newly published book, by Caroline Liddell and Robin Weir, Ices: The Defini
tive Guide, publ. by Hodder and Stoughton, 1993, ISBN 0-340-58335-5, suggest
s that the historical basis of these tales is skeptical.
What follows is from the opening of the first chapter of their book:
Most books are full of myths about the history of ice cream. According to po
pular accounts, Marco Polo (1254-1324) saw ice creams being made during his
trip to China, and on his return, introduced them to Italy. The myth continu
es with the Italian chefs of the you Catherine de'Medici taking this magical
dish to France when she went there in 1533 to marry the Duc d'Orleans, with
Charles I rewarding his own ice-cream maker with a lifetime pension on cond
ition that he did not divulge his secret recipe to anyone, thereby keeping i
ce cream as a royal perogative.
Unfortunately, there is no historical evidence to support any of these stori
es. They would appear to be purely the creation of imaginative nineteenth-ce
ntury ice-cream makers and vendors. Indeed, we have found no mention of any
of these stories before the nineteenth century.
They go on to refute the claims about Marco Polo, Catherine de'Medici, and C
harles I (in particular, while the IAICM reference credits DeMirco as the Ch
arles I chef, apparently while other various sources credit 10 different men
, there are no records of such a pension being paid to any of Charles I's co
oks).
They do go on in their book to discuss history for which there is a record,
with (I think) the earliest written record being something made in China.
Chris Clarke, in his 2004 Royal Society of Chemistry mongraph "The Science o
f Ice Cream", points out quite correctly that the history of ice cream is cl
osely associated with the development of refrigeration techniques and can th
us be traced in several stages:
1. Cooling food and rink by mixing it with snow or ice;
2. The discosvery that dissolving salts in water produces cooling;
3. The discovery (and spread of knowledge) that mixing salts and snow or
ice cools even further - mid to late 17th century - the inclusion of cream i
n the water ices also evolved around this time;
4. The invention of the ice cream maker in the mid 19th century;
5. The development of mechanical refrigeration in the later 19th and earl
y 20th centuries - which led to the development of the modern ice cream indu
stry.
Back to the IAICM history....
In 1774, a caterer named Phillip Lenzi announced in a New York newspaper tha
t he had just arrived from London and would be offering for sale various con
fections, including ice cream.* Dolley Madison, wife of U.S. President James
Madison, served ice cream at her husband's Inaugural Ball in 1813.**
The first improvement in the manufacture of ice cream (from the handmade way
in a large bowl) was given to us by a New Jersey woman, Nancy johnson, who
in 1846 invented the hand-cranked freezer. This device is still familiar to
many. By turning the freezer handle, they agitated a container of ice cream
mix in a bed of salt and ice until the mix was frozen. Because Nancy Johnson
lacked the foresight to have her invention patented, her name does not appe
ar on the patent records. A similar type of freezer was, however, patented o
n May 30, 1848, by a Mr. Young who at least had the courtesy to call it the
"Johnson Patent Ice Cream Freezer".
Commercial production was begun in North America in Baltimore, Maryland, 185
1, by Mr. Jacob Fussell, now known as the father of the American ice cream i
ndustry.
*Readex has published the digital Early American Newspapers, which shows tha
t this advertisement appeared in November 1773:
Paper: Rivington's New-York Gazetteer; Date: 1773-11-25; Iss: 32; Page: [4];
**For a biography of Dolley Madison at the Montpelier, VA site, see http://w
ww.montpelier.org/explore/dolley_madison/index.php , or at the White House s
ite, see http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/firstladies/dm4.html. An unsubsta
ntiated (by me) story passed on to me regarding Dolley's discovery of ice cr
eam goes like this: "Betty Jackson, a black woman from Chadds Ford, Pennsylv
ania, established a tea room on French Street in Wilmington, Delaware, where
she sold cakes, fruit, and desserts to wealthy people for their parties. He
r son, Jeremiah Shadd, was a butcher, well-known for his ability to cure mea
t. His wife, known as Aunt Sallie Shadd, achieved legendary status among Wil
mington's free black population as the inventor of ice cream. The story was
that the butcher Jeremiah purchased Sallie's freedom. Like other members of
her family, she went into the catering business and created a new dessert se
nsation made from frozen cream, sugar, and fruit. Dolly Madison, the wife of
President James Madison, heard about the new dessert, came to Wilmington to
try it, and afterward made ice cream a feature of dinners at the White Hous
e."
About 1926 the first commercially-successful continuous process freezer was
perfected. The continuous freezer, developed by Clarence Vogt, and later one
s produced by other manufacturers, has allowed the ice cream industry to bec
ome a mass producer of its product.
The first Canadian to start selling ice cream was Thomas Webb of Toronto, a
confectioner, around 1850. William Neilson produced his first commercial bat
ch of ice cream on Gladstone Ave. in Toronto in 1893, and his company produc
ed ice cream at that location for close to 100 years | s*******i
发帖数: 741 | 13 中国品尝的冰淇淋 was made of ice, sugar, fruits and milk. No cream was added
.
【在 r*****d 的大作中提到】
: 公元前3世纪，中国的王公贵族们便向皇帝敬献了由果汁和冰雪混合物制成的食品，这
: 种在当时看来不寻常的食品的食谱被当作秘密保存了下来，直到公元9世纪才被公开。
: 而在欧洲，冰与雪制成的食品被认为在古罗马时期已开始出现，当时的古罗马皇帝尼禄
: 从山区采集巨大的冰块以制作食品并修建大的冰窖来长期储存这些冰块。类似于冰淇淋
: 的冷却果汁在历史上所罗门王统治时的宫殿里十分流行，古希腊著名的医师认为用冰淇
: 淋可以治疗痉挛并有助于健康。
: 16世纪，当马可波罗从中国返回意大利时，也将在中国品尝的冰淇淋甜点介绍到了欧洲
: ，他与当地的厨师分享了从中国带回的冰淇淋制作食谱。
: 17世纪，许多不同种类的冰淇淋在奥地利安妮王后统治期间被介绍到法国，冰淇淋逐渐
: 演变成一种大众所共享的美食，连拿破仑都成为冰淇淋食品的狂热爱好者。
| l*****a
发帖数: 38403 | 14 宋代市井就有叫卖的了吧，西湖老人在《西湖老人繁胜录》“诸般水名”中记载有“乳
糖真雪”。还有杨万里《咏冰酪》，似腻还成爽，如凝又似飘。玉米盘底碎，雪向日冰
消，这该就是冰激凌 | r***e
发帖数: 653 | 15 天呢，这是什么问题。
冰淇淋是中国人发明的，这是事实，还要质疑吗？ | y*****2
发帖数: 863 | 16 中国是古代足球的鼻祖，这还要质疑吗?
【在 r***e 的大作中提到】
: 天呢，这是什么问题。
: 冰淇淋是中国人发明的，这是事实，还要质疑吗？
| c***n
发帖数: 809 | 17 公元前3世纪? 中国第一任始皇帝还再要过两千多年才生出来呢. 有是什么马可波罗从
中国返回意大利, 都tmd用的恶心了.
【在 r*****d 的大作中提到】
: 公元前3世纪，中国的王公贵族们便向皇帝敬献了由果汁和冰雪混合物制成的食品，这
: 种在当时看来不寻常的食品的食谱被当作秘密保存了下来，直到公元9世纪才被公开。
: 而在欧洲，冰与雪制成的食品被认为在古罗马时期已开始出现，当时的古罗马皇帝尼禄
: 从山区采集巨大的冰块以制作食品并修建大的冰窖来长期储存这些冰块。类似于冰淇淋
: 的冷却果汁在历史上所罗门王统治时的宫殿里十分流行，古希腊著名的医师认为用冰淇
: 淋可以治疗痉挛并有助于健康。
: 16世纪，当马可波罗从中国返回意大利时，也将在中国品尝的冰淇淋甜点介绍到了欧洲
: ，他与当地的厨师分享了从中国带回的冰淇淋制作食谱。
: 17世纪，许多不同种类的冰淇淋在奥地利安妮王后统治期间被介绍到法国，冰淇淋逐渐
: 演变成一种大众所共享的美食，连拿破仑都成为冰淇淋食品的狂热爱好者。
| T****r
发帖数: 22092 | 18 嘛玩意？始皇帝在公元前三世纪之后两千多年才出生？
【在 c***n 的大作中提到】
: 公元前3世纪? 中国第一任始皇帝还再要过两千多年才生出来呢. 有是什么马可波罗从
: 中国返回意大利, 都tmd用的恶心了.
| t****n
发帖数: 2601 | 19 靠，真是无知无畏，连个公元纪年都拎勿清
【在 c***n 的大作中提到】
: 公元前3世纪? 中国第一任始皇帝还再要过两千多年才生出来呢. 有是什么马可波罗从
: 中国返回意大利, 都tmd用的恶心了.
| g*******g
发帖数: 9753 | 20 哈哈哈，笑死我了，已转joke
【在 c***n 的大作中提到】
: 公元前3世纪? 中国第一任始皇帝还再要过两千多年才生出来呢. 有是什么马可波罗从
: 中国返回意大利, 都tmd用的恶心了.
| | | v*****s
发帖数: 20290 | 21 原来我们现在都是活在始皇帝的统治之下啊。这才是真相！
【在 c***n 的大作中提到】
: 公元前3世纪? 中国第一任始皇帝还再要过两千多年才生出来呢. 有是什么马可波罗从
: 中国返回意大利, 都tmd用的恶心了.
| s*******i
发帖数: 741 | 22 The milk was from Yak in China. The Chinese ice cream had milk, fruit, sugar
, honey and ice. It had no cream and was not made in the modern way ( Two-
bucket approach). I just have a book on ice cream on hand.But no cream. The
modern ice cream was first made in France.
about
【在 c**i 的大作中提到】
: You are propagating lies. Do you have any evidence to supoort what you say
: here? None!
: Mr. Marco Polo's account is preserved. Check if you can find anything about
: ice cream.
: Chinese did not drink cow milk, except those in Mongolia and Tibet.
| j****c
发帖数: 19908 | 23 一种硝石燃烧的时候会吸收周围的热量，导致周围温度急剧下降，中国古代就是利用这
种现象来造冰的 | p*******8
发帖数: 158 | 24 是硝石是溶解吸热,高中化学里有硝酸钾溶解实验.
【在 j****c 的大作中提到】
: 一种硝石燃烧的时候会吸收周围的热量，导致周围温度急剧下降，中国古代就是利用这
: 种现象来造冰的
| h******g
发帖数: 1521 | 25 中国古代用奶少，但是不等于不食用。牛奶是近代才普及工业化的，很多文明有食用羊
奶，马奶，牦牛奶的记录。李约瑟论证过冰激淋是中国人发明的。中国人在很多方便日
常生活的发明上很有一套，我个人觉得最牛的是发明草纸，古时候阿拉伯人看到中国人
方便后不洗手还觉得不爱卫生，后来发现他们用纸。用布，用竹片，用手，在我看来都
没有用草纸好，老早中国人的草纸就有压花，喷香的。就是现在我还是喜欢那种长长方
方竹子做的草纸。 | d*****9
发帖数: 3459 | 26 没cream还叫ice cream么？
sugar
The
【在 s*******i 的大作中提到】
: The milk was from Yak in China. The Chinese ice cream had milk, fruit, sugar
: , honey and ice. It had no cream and was not made in the modern way ( Two-
: bucket approach). I just have a book on ice cream on hand.But no cream. The
: modern ice cream was first made in France.
:
: about
| j****e
发帖数: 12067 | 27 中国古代足球和现代足球的区别
【在 d*****9 的大作中提到】
: 没cream还叫ice cream么？
:
: sugar
: The
|
|
