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发帖数: 21 | 1 http://firearmshistory.blogspot.com/2011/08/safety-mechanisms-c
Safety Mechanisms: Carry Conditions
With all the discussion about safety mechanisms in the previous few posts,
it is now time to discuss the subject of carry conditions, i.e. how to carry
a firearm in various conditions of readiness. The various carry conditions
were defined by the legendary Marine Lieutenant Colonel John Dean ("Jeff")
Cooper, who did much to teach the modern techniques of handgun shooting.
Before discussing the various carry conditions, it must be noted that Lt.
Col. Cooper was a big fan of the Colt M1911 and its variants. So when he
defined his carrying conditions, it was with such a pistol in mind (i.e.) a
semi-automatic with an exposed hammer. Therefore, some of the carry
conditions may not apply to other firearm types. With that said, let us
discuss the various carry conditions (from safest to readiest) and where
they are used:
Condition 4: This is the safest of the carry conditions. In this condition,
the firearm is completely unloaded. There is no cartridge in the chamber and
the magazine is removed from the firearm. The hammer is lowered as well.
Also, all safety devices on the firearm are turned on. In this condition, it
will take a while to get the firearm ready to fire, because the user needs
to load a magazine, insert it into the pistol, feed the first round into the
firing chamber by operating the slide (which also cocks the hammer in
pistols), disable all safety devices and then pull the trigger. Many people
put their firearms in this condition, when they intend to store it for a
long while in a gun vault (say at the end of hunting season).
Condition 3: In this condition, there is a fully loaded magazine inserted
into the weapon, but there is no round in the firing chamber. The hammer is
also down and all safety devices on the firearm are enabled. In this
condition, the user needs to pull back the slide to feed the first round
into the pistol's firing chamber (which also cocks it) and then disable all
safety devices and then pull the trigger to fire. In case of a shotgun or a
bolt action rifle, the user pulls on the lever to load the first round and
cock the weapon. This is the condition that many people preferred to carry
single or double action revolvers in, back in the day when there were no
other safety devices on them. The revolver is loaded in all chambers, except
for the one that is rotated to be directly under the hammer. Any
unintentional impact on the hammer will not do any harm because the chamber
under the hammer is empty. When the user intends to use the revolver, they
pull the hammer back first to cock it, which automatically rotates the
cylinder as well and now the next chamber with a cartridge comes under the
hammer, ready to be discharged. The early Israeli weapons training in the
1940-60s also emphasized carrying firearms with no round in the chamber and
hence this condition is also called the "Israeli Carry" method. The reason
the Israelis taught this method is because when the new state of Israel was
founded, most of its weaponry was old, second-hand goods. This meant that
quite a few of their firearms had worn or malfunctioning safety devices and
therefore new soldiers were taught to use condition 3 carry in order to
prevent accidents. Since then, Israel has started manufacturing her own
firearms and also can purchase quality firearms from other countries now,
hence they no longer teach this method to new soldiers. Other people who
carry in condition 3 are usually owners of older revolvers with no firing
pin safety, or those who own a firearm with no external hammer (such as a
Glock, Springfield XD, many pocket pistols from Browning, FN, Colt, Astra
etc.) and wish to be extra safe.
Condition 2: In this condition, there is a loaded magazine inserted into the
firearm and one round is loaded in the chamber already. However, the hammer
is decocked. Therefore, to fire a weapon in this condition, one needs to
pull the hammer back to cock it and then pull the trigger. This condition
only applies to firearms with external hammers. Therefore it is not possible
to carry a firearm with internal hammer (such as a Glock or a Springfield
Armory XD pistol) in this condition. Also, it is recommended that the
firearm have some kind of firing pin safety enabled, if carrying in this
condition and preferably a decocking lever to safely decock the weapon. A
double action (DA) revolver or pistol may be carried in this condition
because the first pull of the trigger is much heavier (because it cocks the
hammer first before firing it). Subsequent shots on a DA pistol are much
easier because each shot now automatically re-cocks the pistol as well. A
single action revolver with no firing pin safety (or a pistol with no firing
pin safety) should never be carried in condition 2.
Condition 1: In this condition, a loaded magazine is inserted into the
firearm, there is a round in the chamber and the hammer is cocked. Only the
safety device(s) is enabled. This is also called the "cocked-and-locked"
condition. To fire a weapon in this condition, one merely disables the
safety device and then pulls the trigger. On a pistol such as a M1911, the
thumb safety is enabled and the user needs to merely flick it down with the
thumb and pull the trigger. This is the condition recommended for concealed
carry and also recommended for use by some militaries when soldiers are
travelling through a potentially hazardous zone with no visible danger
apparent.
Condition 0: This is the condition where the firearm is in its most ready
state. A loaded magazine is inserted into the firearm, there is a round in
the chamber, the hammer is cocked and all safety devices are disabled. The
user only needs to aim and pull the trigger to discharge it. This is the
condition that police and soldiers carry their weapons in, if they are in a
danger area with known enemies in the vicinity.
Some people consider a loaded Glock or Springfield XD pistol with no
separate external safety, to be in Condition 0.5 (i.e. between conditions 0
and 1). This is because the built in safeties are enabled, but they are all
connected to the trigger and once the trigger is pulled, it automatically
disables all the safeties as part of the action. How this mechanism works
was explained earlier in our discussion about integrated trigger safeties.
Organizations that issue M1911 style pistols usually specify the condition
it is to be carried in, as part of their training doctrine.
While the carry conditions were originally written for M1911 type pistols,
they generally apply to other firearms as well. While military doctrines
clearly define what carry condition should be used in what situation, the
same is not true in the civilian sector. Therefore, one invariably sees many
arguments about which condition is best on various internet boards :). | a***a
发帖数: 8941 | 2 这种经典分类是针对1911
所以有点不够全面
比如condition2，就是loaded and decocked，其实可以包含两种，上保险或是不上保险
但是1911如果不cock就不能上保险？ | k*******n
发帖数: 5546 | 3 我觉得这种分法比较乱。首先要分上膛和不上膛，
上膛，按照半自动手枪(左轮不算)击发方式，细分:
传统DAO 有1种方式上膛携行
＊LEM/DAK 有1种方式上膛携行
SAO (一般都带manual safety 1911／cz75 SAO) 有3种方式上膛携行 (cocked&L,危险
的扣板机慢放击锤和cocked&unlocked)
DA/SA with manual safety only (CZ75 B) 有3种方式上膛携行(cocked&L,危险的扣板
机慢放击锤和cocked&unlocked)
＊DA/SA with decocker only (P226 P2000V3 P30V3) 有2种方式上膛携行 (上膛后
decocked和危险的上膛后不decocked)
DA/SA with decocker and manual safety (USP V3, Berreta) 有3-4种方式上膛携行,
比如USP可以decocked&safety on, decocked&safety off, cocked&locked, cocked&
unlocked(只要你愿意)。
＊SFA (Glock M&P PPQ) 有1种方式上膛携行
SFA with manual safety (M&P FNS) 有2种方式上膛携行
SFA with decocker (P99) 有2种方式上膛携行
加*的我个人可以接受(Glock那个我会用NY1/Minus Carry Combo扳机). | k*******n
发帖数: 5546 | 4 最简单的办法就是，只管击锤的状态，不管thumb safety. 击锤cocked, 都算
condition 1.
击锤没cocked,就算condition 2.
DAO和DAK/LEM这种, 上膛后击锤都没cocked（起码没张开着）,自动算作condition 2.
Striker Fired Action也分很多种，用condition1/2形容，并不是很恰当。从击发结构
上，很多SFA应该定义为Double Action,但从实际使用上，我个人心里更愿意把他
们当作Single Action Only看待。 |
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