e***s
发帖数: 1397 | 1 仔细看一下，有AWB的时候，美国和其它大多数发达国家相比，对半自动步枪的管制都
要严格，管理要松一些的 - 我说管制严，管理松 - 因为美国不要license, 但是用一
些莫明其妙的限制管制了硬件。
现在纽约州通过的SB法律，结果是造成的管理和管制比大多数其它发达国家都要严。
希望纽约的今天不是美国的未来...
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AR-15
AR15
Legal status of civilian ownership
Australia
AR-15 rifles, like all semi-automatic rifles, are subject to strong
restrictions of ownership in all states and territories in Australia. The
only means of legally owning an AR-15/M16-type rifle in Australia today
beyond law enforcement is to have a Category D Firearms License (e.g. a
professional animal culler), to have a Firearms Collector's License and the
firearm deactivated (with the barrel plugged up and the action welded shut),
or converted to blank fire if one is a member of a military re-enactment
organization.
The heavy restrictions on semi-automatic rifles were introduced in 1996 in
response to the Port Arthur massacre – one of the firearms used in the
attack was an AR-15. Before 1996, AR-15 rifles were legal to own in a number
of Australian states and territories, namely Queensland and Tasmania.
Austria
In Austria, semi-automatic centerfire rifles have to be classified as
sporting or hunting firearms in order to obtain civilian-legal status. After
this classification, they are considered "category B" firearms, which means
that holders of gun licenses may own them. These licenses are may-issue
items if the applicant specifies a valid reason (self-defense at home for
example is considered valid by law in any case), passes a psychological test
and attends a gun-basics course. Currently, only one centerfire AR-15
version, produced by German manufacturer "Oberland Arms" was given the B-
classification. This Austrian version differs slightly from the original
design in order to ensure that no military full-auto trigger, bolt and
barrel may be installed. Additionally, bayonet lugs and flash hiders are
prohibited on semi-automatic rifles while Muzzle brakes and compensators are
legal. There is no minimum length for barrels, therefore even barrel
lengths as short as 7.5" are possible.
Canada
The Government of Canada classifies the AR-15 (and its variants) as a
restricted firearm. For anyone wanting to lawfully own an AR-15, they must
obtain a Possession and Acquisition License (PAL) valid for restricted
firearms and then each acquisition of a restricted class firearm is subject
to approval by the Chief Firearms Officer (CFO) of the would-be buyer's
province of residence.[18][19] With the introduction of strict gun control
measures by former Prime Minister Jean Chrétien (Bill C-68), the AR-15 had
originally been intended to be classified as a prohibited firearm, making it
all but impossible to privately own one. However, due to the presence of
nationwide Service Rifle target shooting competitions, the AR-15 was granted
a sporting exception.
As with all Restricted firearms (including most pistols, some shotguns, and
some rifles) AR-15s are allowed to be fired only at certified firing ranges
since the CFOs of all provinces and territories have agreed to issue ATTs (
Authority To Transport) for these guns only to certified ranges. Since
owners can't legally take these guns anywhere else that shooting is allowed,
they can in effect only shoot them on certain ranges. In order to legally
own and transport a Restricted firearm, the firearm must be registered with
the Royal Canadian Mounted Police Canadian Firearms Program and must apply
for an Authorization to Transport (or ATT) from the Chief Firearms Officer (
CFO) for their province or territory. Additionally, the firearm must be
unloaded, deactivated by a trigger or action lock, and be in a locked,
opaque container during transport.[20]
The issuance of ATTs varies considerably from province to province, and is
generally reflective of a particular province's political and social levels
of acceptance toward gun ownership. In Ontario the only way to obtain an ATT
for restricted firearms is to become a member of a range, whereas in
Alberta, where firearms ownership is widely accepted, generally a single ATT
is promptly issued that allows citizens to transport firearms to border
crossings, gunsmiths, and shooting ranges. Firearms transfers in provinces
such as Quebec can take up to 3 months to process.[citation needed]
[edit]Germany and Finland
In Germany and Finland, possession of semi-automatic rifles, including the
AR-15, is legal, provided that the rifle's owner acquires a permit for
owning one. A license is required for each individual firearm and there
needs to be a specific reason for ownership such as participation in the
shooting sports and hunting.
For German hunters, their semi-automatic firearm's magazine must be modified
in such a way that its maximum capacity is only 2 rounds (excluding
handguns), meaning that when hunting game animals only 3 shots in total can
be fired (as one additional round is loaded in the chamber) without
reloading. This rule is stated in german hunting law and not in german gun
law. In fact magazines are not regulated by german gun law and free to
purchase and possess in any capacity and type for anyone.
Italy
In Italy, the AR-15 rifle belongs to B7 class and can be owned by civilians,
provided it doesn't shoot full auto. Like every other gun it must be
registered and to purchase it citizens must have a valid license, which is
granted to every person who qualifies. Most of the rifles are in .223, but 5
.56x45 is also allowed. Since long arms with a caliber bigger than .22 are
considered hunting weapons, it is possible to own unlimited AR-15s as they
are hunting rifles according to the law.
Sweden
The AR-15, like all other semi-automatic rifles, is legal for individuals
who need one for competitive use (IPSC rifle or 3-gun matches). A valid
competition license is required, and all weapons are registered with the
police. There are no banned "assault weapon" features or parts. However, the
AR-15 is not allowed for hunting use.
United Kingdom
As with all semi-automatic, centerfire rifles, AR-15s are classed as a
Section 5 weapon, i.e., a person must provide an exceptional reason and gain
permission from the Home Secretary, making ownership all but impossible for
a private citizen. However, AR-15s in a manually operated straight pull
configuration or semi-automatic AR-15s that are chambered to fire a .22
rimfire cartridge are legal and can be held on a standard Section 1 Firearms
Certificate. There are no restrictions on 'assault weapon features' in the
UK, and no restrictions on magazine capacity. There are a number of UK
manufacturers of "straight-pull" AR-15 variants. Southern Gun Company has
tried to introduce a 9mm "self-ejecting" variant for gallery rifle shooting
nicknamed the "Unicorn" but, despite numerous units being sold on the
understanding that the rifle was a compliant Section 1 firearm, the rifles
were seized and subjected to stringent testing by the UK Forensic Science
Service (FSS). A small number of pre-production models were found to be non-
compliant with section 1 status. However, later models were deemed Section 1
compliant and were returned to their owners.[citation needed]
United States
There are no federal restrictions on the ownership of AR-15 rifles in the
United States. During the period 1994–2004 variants with certain features
such as collapsible stocks, flash suppressors, and bayonet lugs were
prohibited for sales to civilians by the Violent Crime Control and Law
Enforcement Act of 1994, with the included Assault Weapons Ban. Included in
this was a restriction on the pistol grip that protrudes beneath the stock,
which was considered an accessory feature under the ban and was subject to
restrictions. Some rifles were manufactured with a grip not described under
the Ban installed in its place. Those AR-15s that were manufactured with
those features, as well as the accompanying full capacity magazines, were
stamped "Restricted Military/Government/Law Enforcement/Export Only". The
restrictions only applied to guns manufactured after the ban took effect. It
was legal to own, sell, or buy any gun built before 1994. Hundreds of
thousands of pre-ban ARs were sold during the ban as well as new guns
redesigned to be legal.
Since the expiration of the Federal AWB in September 2004,[21] these
features became legal in most states.[22] Since the expiration of the ban
the manufacture and sale of then-restricted rifles has resumed completely.
At least two states regulate possession of AR-15 rifles either by the
restriction of certain features or outright bans of certain manufacturers'
models. For example: the A3 tactical carbine pictured above is legal for
sale and possession in the United States generally, but is illegal for sale
in California.
Under U.S. firearms laws, the lower receiver of the AR-15 is considered a
firearm and subject to purchasing restrictions. (This is not universally the
case with rifles. On some other rifles, such as the FN FAL, Heckler & Koch
91, 93, (G-3, G-33), 94, MP-5 or SP-89 (plus clones), the upper receiver is
the serial-numbered part, and thus the firearm.) The AR-15 upper receiver
assembly is considered a part, and may be purchased and mail-ordered in most
locations. This is a desirable feature for enthusiasts, who can purchase a
number of upper receivers (often in different calibers and barrel lengths)
and interchange them with the same lower receiver.
Adding a shoulder stock to an AR-15 with a barrel shorter than 16" would
constitute constructing a Short-Barreled Rifle (SBR) under NFA rules –
subject to a $200 tax stamp. The receiver, or serial-numbered part is still
considered a firearm, but a receiver has unique status assigned by the Gun
Control Act of 1968 as amended, and ATF regulations or rulings. ATF ruling
07-07-2009 illustrates a receiver's unique legal status even if the receiver
can only be made into a rifle.[23] Under the United States v. Thompson-
Center Arms Company Supreme Court ruling, an individual can possess parts
for both the rifle and pistol so long as they are not assembled improperly.[
24] This ruling has been further clarified by the ATF Director in a ruling (
ATF Ruling 2011-4[25]) dated July 25, 2011 which restates most of the
findings in the Thompson case.
The ATF once[when?] claimed that the finding in United States v. Thompson-
Center Arms Company only applies to products of Thompson Contender,[citation
needed] and not to any other companies' products. This has changed[citation
needed] under ATF ruling 2011–4 which states
A firearm, as defined by the National Firearms Act (NFA), 26 U.S.C. 5845(a)(
3), is made when unassembled parts are placed in close proximity in such a
way that they: (a) serve no useful purpose other than to make a rifle having
a barrel or barrels of less than 16 inches in length; or (b) convert a
complete weapon into such an NFA firearm. A firearm, as defined by 26 U.S.C.
5845(a)(3) and (a)(4), is not made when parts within a kit that were
originally designed to be configured as both a pistol and a rifle are
assembled or re-assembled in a configuration not regulated under the NFA (e.
g., as a pistol, or a rifle with a barrel or barrels of 16 inches or more in
length). A firearm, as defined by 26 U.S.C. 5845(a)(3) and (a)(4), is not
made when a pistol is attached to a part or parts designed to convert the
pistol into a rifle with a barrel or barrels of 16 inches or more in length,
and the parts are later unassembled in a configuration not regulated under
the NFA (e.g., as a pistol). A firearm, as defined by 26 U.S.C. 5845(a)(4),
is made when a handgun or other weapon with an overall length of less than
26 inches, or a barrel or barrels of less than 16 inches in length, is
assembled or produced from a weapon originally assembled or produced only as
a rifle. Such a weapon would not be a "pistol" because the weapon was not
originally designed, made, and intended to fire a projectile by one hand.
Furthermore, adding a forward pistol grip to an AR-15 designated as a pistol
constitutes manufacture of an AOW (any other weapon).[26] Both of these
actions require an approved "Form 1" and payment of a $200 tax prior to the
actual construction of the item. Current wait times for approval average 5–
8 months during which time no modifications or construction may be done.
AR-15 Olympic Arms K8MAG 243 WSSM
As of 2012, there are an estimated 2.5-3.7 million rifles from the AR-15
family in civilian use in the United States.[27] The rifles are favored for
target shooting, hunting, and personal protection.[28] |
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