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发帖数: 22064 | 1 John T. Downey Dies at 84; Held Captive for 20 Years
By DOUGLAS MARTIN November 21, 2014
前美国传奇特工逝世，曾被中国囚禁20年
DOUGLAS MARTIN 2014年11月21日
John T. Downey, a former C.I.A. agent who became the longest-serving
American prisoner of war by surviving more than 20 years in Chinese prisons
after he was shot down over Manchuria in 1952, died on Monday at a hospice
in Branford, Conn. He was 84.
本周一，曾被中国囚禁逾20年的美国中央情报局(CIA)前探员约翰·T·唐尼(John T.
Downey)在康涅狄格州布兰福德的一家临终安养院逝世，享年84岁。1952年，他乘坐的
飞机在中国东北部被击落，使他就此成为服刑时间最长的美国战俘。
His family announced the death.
他的家人对外宣布了他的死亡消息。
After his release in 1973, Mr. Downey graduated from Harvard Law School at
46, served in the Connecticut state government, including a term as
commissioner of the Public Utility Control Department, ran for the United
States Senate and became a juvenile court judge.
1973年获释后，唐尼先是以46岁高龄从哈佛法学院(Harvard Law School)毕业，后来为
康涅狄格州政府工作，包括在该州公共事业管理部担任了一届负责人。此后他竞选过联
邦参议院的席位，最终成为少年法庭的法官。
He said many times that he did not want to be defined only as a war captive,
but his story was so compelling that the Central Intelligence Agency gave
him its highest awards and, uncharacteristically, made them public.
他生前多次表示，不希望只给人留下“战俘”的印象。然而，他的经历实在是太不可思
议了，中情局授予了他最高奖章，并罕见地予以公布。
Mr. Downey was captured in November 1952, during the Korean War, while on a
mission in Manchuria, in northeast China, to rescue a courier who had worked
for American spies.
唐尼于1952年11月被抓获。当时正在打朝鲜战争，他在中国东北部执行一项营救任务，
目标是一名为美国间谍工作的情报员。
Mr. Downey and another C.I.A. paramilitary operative, Richard F. Fecteau,
were aboard a C47 transport plane, on their way to make the rescue, when it
was shot down by Chinese artillery. According to a C.I.A. history written in
2007, the courier, turning his back on his American associates, had tipped
off the Chinese about the rescue plan. The pilot and co-pilot were killed.
Mr. Fecteau and Mr. Downey were captured.
唐尼与中情局的另一名准军事行动人员理查德·G·费克托(Richard F. Fecteau)登上
一架C47运输机，准备实施营救，不料却被中方炮弹击落。根据2007年成文的中情局历
史记录，这名情报员出卖了其美国同事，向中方交代了营救计划。运输机的正副驾驶身
亡，费克托和唐尼被擒。
In their first interrogation, a security officer who had clearly been
briefed by the courier pointed at Mr. Downey. “You are Jack,” he said in
English, according to the C.I.A. “Your future is very dark.”
首次审讯的时候，对方显然已从情报员那里掌握了情况。一名安全官员直指唐尼。“你
是杰克（约翰的昵称——译注），”中情局的记录显示他用英语说道。“你的未来很黑
暗。”
More interrogations followed, but the men gave up as little intelligence as
possible, the C.I.A. said.
审讯接踵而来，但中情局表示，两人尽可能地将透露的情报限制在最小范围。
At the time, the United States was engaged in covert operations in China in
the hopes of organizing resistance to the new Communist government of Mao
Zedong and fomenting a rebellion there. A revolt, the Americans hoped, would
divert Chinese forces from the Korean Peninsula, where they were helping
Communist forces from the north in their struggle with South Korea and its
United Nations allies, most of them American troops.
当时，美国正在中国境内展开秘密行动，企图组织起对毛泽东领导的共产主义新政权的
抵抗，并挑起当地的反叛运动。美国希望，反抗活动能牵制中国，使之从朝鲜半岛撤出
部队。中国那时正在协助半岛北部的共产主义势力与联合国盟军支持的南部势力抗衡，
而美国军队贡献了盟军的大部分力量。
Mr. Downey and Mr. Fecteau were put in leg irons. Nobody outside of China
knew what had happened to them, and in December 1953, Allen Dulles, the
director of central intelligence, wrote to their families saying they were
“presumed dead.”
唐尼和费克托戴上了脚镣。中国以外没有人知道他们的遭遇。1953年12月，时任中情局
局长艾伦·杜勒斯(Allen Dulles)给他们的家人写信，表示他们“想必已经身亡”。
But in November 1954, the Chinese government announced that the two were
alive and serving sentences as convicted C.I.A. spies. Mr. Fecteau was
sentenced to 20 years and Mr. Downey to life.
不过，到了1954年11月，中国政府宣布两人还活着，正在服刑，罪名是被认定为中情局
间谍。费克托被判处了20年徒刑，唐尼则是无期徒刑。
They remained imprisoned until relations between China and the United States
warmed in the early 1970s, culminating with President Richard M. Nixon’s
groundbreaking visit in 1972. Mr. Fecteau was released in late 1971, after
serving 19 years and 14 days.
他们一直待在狱中，直到70年代初中美两国关系回暖。这种缓和最终通向了理查德·M
·尼克松(Richard M. Nixon)1972年的突破性访华之旅。费克托在服刑19年零14天后于
1971年底获释。
Nixon personally intervened to secure Mr. Downey’s release after the
prisoner’s mother, who had visited China five times to plead on her son’s
behalf, suffered a severe stroke. He was freed on March 13, 1973, shortly
after the United States acknowledged for the first time that Mr. Downey had
been connected to the C.I.A. On his release — 20 years, three months and 14
days after his plane had been shot down — China said he had “confessed to
his crimes.”
唐尼的母亲五次前往中国替儿子求情之后，不幸严重中风。于是尼克松亲自介入了确保
他获释一事。美国首次承认唐尼与中情局有关，不久后，他于1973年3月13日恢复自由
，此时距他乘坐的飞机坠落有20年3个月零14天。他获释时，中方表示他已“交代了自
己的罪行”。
Because they were seized during the Korean War, Mr. Downey and Mr. Fecteau
have long been described as prisoners of war, though they were not uniformed
service members. Col. Floyd Thompson, who was imprisoned for nearly nine
years during the Vietnam War, is America’s longest-serving uniformed
serviceman taken prisoner.
由于是在朝鲜战争期间被抓，唐尼和费克托一直被称为“战俘”，尽管二人并未在军队
服役。越南战争期间遭拘禁近九年的弗洛伊德·汤普森上校(Floyd Thompson)，才是服
刑时间最长的被俘美国军人。
Last year, John O. Brennan, director of the C.I.A., presented Mr. Downey and
Mr. Fecteau with the Distinguished Intelligence Cross, the agency’s
highest award for valor.
去年，中情局局长约翰·O·布伦南(John O. Brennan)向唐尼和费克托颁发了“卓越情
报工作十字勋章”(Distinguished Intelligence Cross)。这是中情局的最高勇士荣誉。
“It has been 61 years since Dick and Jack took to the skies over North
Korea and China during the Korean War,” Mr. Brennan said, “and their
ordeal remains among the most compelling accounts of courage, resolve and
endurance in the history of our agency.” In 2010, the C.I.A. commissioned a
documentary film on the men’s experiences that was intended for internal
training purposes. The movie, “Extraordinary Fidelity,” has since been
released to the public and is available online.
“迪克（理查德的昵称——译注）和杰克在朝鲜战争期间飞往朝鲜和中国上空的行动距
今已有61年了，他们的磨难仍然是我局历史上的一个有关勇气、决心和忍耐力的最令人
叹服的故事，”布伦南说。2010年，中情局授权制作了一部关于两人经历的纪录片，作
为内部培训的资料。后来，这部名为《极度忠诚》(Extraordinary Fidelity)的片子公
开发行，可以在网上观看。
Mr. Downey, who lived in New Haven for many years, is survived by his wife
of 40 years, the former Audrey Lee; his son, Jack; and his brother, William.
唐尼生前长年在纽黑文居住，身后留下了成婚40载的妻子奥德丽·李(Audrey Lee)、儿
子杰克，以及他的兄弟威廉(William)。
John Thomas Downey was born on April 19, 1930, in Wallingford, Conn., and
graduated from the Choate School, where he was voted the “most popular,
most versatile and most likely to succeed.” He went to Yale with the idea
of becoming a lawyer like his father, John E. Downey, a probate judge who
died in a car accident when his son was a boy. Instead, he accepted an offer
to join the C.I.A. after an agency recruiter contacted him in the spring of
his senior year.
他1930年4月19日生于康涅狄格州沃灵福德，全名约翰·托马斯·唐尼。他毕业于乔特
中学(Choate School)，并被同学评为“最受欢迎、最多才多艺、最可能成功”的学生
。他去了耶鲁上大学，希望追随父亲约翰·E·唐尼(John E. Downey)的步伐成为一名
律师。他未成年的时候，身为遗嘱检验法官的父亲死于车祸。不过，大四那年的春天，
中情局的招聘人员找到了他。他接受了工作邀请，加入了中情局。
His first assignment was to go to Korea to help train a team of Chinese
agents inside China. While there, he was ordered to participate in the
rescue of the courier, who had asked to be taken out of China. The C.I.A.
history refuted suggestions over the years that they had jumped on the
flight as a sort of “joy ride.” The C47 took off from Korea.
他的第一个任务是前往朝鲜半岛协助训练在中国境内的一群中国特工。就是在那里，他
奉命参与营救那名情报员的任务。此人发出了把自己弄出中国的请求。多年来，一直有
传言称唐尼和费克托之所以跳上飞机是为了“找点乐子”，而中情局的历史记录对此予
以了驳斥。总之，那架C47从朝鲜半岛升空了。
The plan was for the courier to be strapped into a harness that would be
hung from a line strung high off the ground between two poles. The idea was
that the plane would fly low and slow enough to be able to drop a cable and
hook the line. Mr. Downey and Mr. Fecteau would then hoist the courier up
with a pulley. As the plane swooped in, however, it was hit by antiaircraft
fire.
原定的计划是让情报员拴在由两根高杆撑开的缆索吊着的保护带上，然后飞机低空慢飞
，从而放下吊绳并钩住缆索，再让唐尼和费克托用滑轮把此人拉上来。飞机快速迫近目
的地，却中了防空炮火。
As a prisoner, Mr. Downey said, he spent much time in solitary — six years
in one stretch. He studied Russian and French and was given books and
magazines in English. He did not study Chinese, he said, because he felt
that would have amounted to an admission that he was not going to get out.
He said he was not tortured. And he came to certain conclusions as his
imprisonment stretched on, year after lonely year.
唐尼生前表示，遭囚禁期间，他有很多时间是单独度过的——有一次长达六年。他学习
了俄文和法文，得到过监狱给的英文图书和杂志。他没有学习中文，他说，因为觉得那
样等于承认自己出不去了。他还表示没有遭到拷打。随着囚禁的延续，他在孤寂中熬过
了一年又一年，终于得出了一些结论。
“You have to come to terms with some very hard facts and learn to narrow
your expectations,” he told People magazine in 1978. “You face the fact
that this is where you’re at, and where you may well be for the rest of
your life. You discover the world can get along very nicely without you.”
“必须逼自己接受一些冷冰冰的事实，学会控制期望值，”他1978年告诉《人物》杂志
(People)。“你要面对事实：这就是你身处的地方，而且或许余生都得在这里度过。你
会发现，离了你，世界依然很好。”
翻译：黄铮
© The New York Times Company | m**d
发帖数: 21441 | 2 这是空中杂技表演
原定的计划是让情报员拴在由两根高杆撑开的缆索吊着的保护带上，然后飞机低空慢飞
，从而放下吊绳并钩住缆索，再让唐尼和费克托用滑轮把此人拉上来。飞机快速迫近目
的地，却中了防空炮火。 |
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