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Automobile版 - Amazing Facts about F1
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话题: f1话题: km话题: mph话题: cars话题: top
进入Automobile版参与讨论
1 (共1页)
t*****y
发帖数: 296
1
小弟最近突然对F1产生了兴趣,整理了一些有趣的信息与大家分享一下:)
A modern Formula One car is a single-seat, open cockpit, open wheel racing
car with substantial front and rear wings, and an engine positioned behind
the driver.
Engine
Aluminum and iron alloy
2.4L naturally aspirated V8, no turbo-charge
18,000 rpm limit, normally working range 8000~18000 rpm
730 hp (544 kW)
Top speed 350 km/h (190 mph)
Over 1750 kW of heat, reach 1,000 °C (1800 °F) at running
F1 engine consumes 650 liters (172 gallons) of air every second, 75 liters
fuel every 100 km (1.3lm/L, 3.1 mpg), but still 20% more efficient at fuel/
power exchange than most small commuter cars.
F1 engines only last 2~3 race weekend/day
In old regulation, F1 cars run with 3.0L naturally aspirated V10 engines,
producing 980 to 1000 hp (730 to 750 kW), up to 22,000 rpm, and reaching top
speed of 370 km/h (230 mph). The engine of BMW Williams F1 Team in 2003,
BMW P83 V10 weighs just 90kg and yet develops in excess of 900 hp, up to 19
,200 rpm.
Transmission
Electro-hydraulically controled clutch
4-7 forward and 1 reverse, semi-automatic sequential gearbox, customized for
every circuit
Seamless shift transmission, shift time around 0.05 second
Gear box must last 4 consecutive events, and gear ratio allowed to be
changed.
Drivers change gear between 2,200 and 3,100 times in the course of a race,
depending on the track and gear ratios.
Constantly Variable Transmission (CVT) systems are also not permitted in F1
cars. Regulations discourage the use of traction control systems or devices
for these could assist the drivers in the race.
Body
The cars are constructed from composites of carbon fibre and similar ultra-
lightweight materials.
Chasis Weighing a scant 35kg.
All F1 cars dry curb weight is as little as 440 kg (970 lbs), the minimum
permissible weight is 640 kg (1411 lbs) including driver, fuids and on-board
cameras. Ballast is added to optimize weight distribution.
Aerodynamics provides maximum downforce with a minimum of drag. F1 achieves
equal weight of downforce at 125-130 km/h (78 to 81 mph), and double weight
of downforce at 190 km/h (118 mph).
Steering Wheel
All fine tune control of F1 cars are put on the steering wheel with a
complex array of over 20 dials, knobs, and buttons.
The wheel can be used to change gears, apply rev. limiter, adjust fuel/air
mix, change brake pressure, and call the radio. Data such as engine rpm, lap
times, speed, and gear is displayed on an LCD screen.
It cost $40,000 alone, and weighs 1.3 kg with carbon fiber construction.
Fuel
The fuel used in F1 cars is fairly similar to ordinary petrol, albeit with a
far more tightly controlled mix. Formula One fuel can only contain
compounds that are found in commercial gasoline.
Blends are tuned for maximum performance in given weather conditions or
different circuits.
F1 fuel capacity is about 150 liters (40 gallons), which weighs about 110 kg
(244 lbs).
The refueling rate while race is limited to 12.1 liters (3.2 gallons) per
second.
Tires
Slick tires without grooves.
One tire is built to last just one race distance ~300 km (190 mile), while a
roadcar tire has a useful life up to 80,000 km (50,000 mile).
Brake
Carbon composite rotors are able to work up to 1,000 °C (1800 °F)
Power brakes and anti-lock braking systems are not allowed in case of the
Formula One motor racing cars.
Brake force distribution can be controled by driver average F1 decelerate
from 100 to 0 km/h (62 to 0 mph) in about 15 m (48 ft), as a 2009 BMW M3
needs 31 m (102 ft).
Aerodynamic design allows deceleration 4.5 g to 5.0 g (44 to 49 m/s2) when
braking from high speed, contrast to 1.3 g of Bugatti Veyron. F1 can brake
from 200 km/h (124 mgh) to a complete stop in just 2.21 s, using only 65 m (
213 ft).
Drivers
The reality is that F1 drivers are intensely committed, dedicated sportsmen
who follow strict diets and training regimens.
Hanging in their safety harnesses, drivers are subjected to deceleration
forces of 5g under maximum braking and up to 4.5g in cornering forces
equating to a load of 35kg being exerted on the driver's neck muscles.
The driver's upper body, arms and hands must be muscular enough to deal with
the greater steering effort required when downforce causes the effective
weight of the car to increase as speeds rise. An F1 car weighs over a ton at
240 km/h (150 mph).
A Formula 1 driver burns approximately 600 kilo-calories and loses up to a
liter of body fluid, or 2 kg (4.4 lbs) in weight, in the course of a grand
prix.
Cockpit temperatures can soar to 50 °C (122 °F), adding to dehydration
problems. To replenish some of the lost liquid and vitamins, the driver sips
an energy-giving drink through a pipe fed into the front of his helmet.
Drivers typically have a resting heart rate of 60 beats per minute but at
key moments during qualifying and the race it can reach 210 beats per minute
level that could be fatal to a person not in peak physical condition.
Performance
A Formula 1 car has a phenomenal power-to-weight ratio. It weighs half as
much as the average family hatchback but produces around 10 times the
horsepower.
F1 cars is capable of going from standstill to 160 km/h (100 mgh) and back
to 0 in less than 5 s. Corner speed is significant higher than other racing
cars which requires driver to have strength training routines for the neck
muscles.
The principal consideration for F1 designers is acceleration, and not simply
top speed. The top speed of these cars is less than that of World War II
vintage Mercedes-Benz and Auto Union Silver Arrows racers.
Acceleration
2006 F1 cars have power-to-weight ration of 1,250 hp/t (0.93 kW/kg)
2006 Renault R26:
# 0 to 100 km/h (62 mph): 1.7 seconds
# 0 to 200 km/h (124 mph): 3.8 seconds
# 0 to 300 km/h (186 mph): 8.6 seconds
The acceleration figure is usually 1.45 g (14.2 m/s2) up to 200 km/h (124
mph), which means the driver is pushed back in the seat at an acceleration 1
.45 times gravity.
Deceleration
The deceleration force under braking is usually 4 g (39 m/s2), and can be as
high as 5 g when braking from extreme speeds.
Here the aerodynamic drag actually helps, and can contribute as much as 1.0
g of braking force, which is the equivalent of the brakes on most road
sports cars. In other words, if the throttle is let go, the F1 car will slow
down under drag at the same rate as most sports cars do with braking, at
least at speeds above 150 km/h (93 mph).
Maximum braking from 200 km/h brings an F1 car to a standstill in a
staggering 55 m, a process that takes 1.9 s.
Traveling at 320 km/h on a long straight, drivers can leave themselves just
100 m and 3 s to decelerate to 80 km/h for a slow corner.
Lateral Acceleration
An F1 car is designed principally for high-speed cornering, thus the
aerodynamic elements can produce as much as three times the car's weight in
downforce, at the expense of drag.
The turning force at low speeds (below 70 to about 100 km/h) mostly comes
from the so-called mechanical grip of the tires themselves. At such low
speeds the car can turn at 2.0 g, at 210 km/h (130 mph) already the lateral
force is 3.0 g. At high speed corners it can be taken above 5.0 g. This
contrasts with 1 g for the Enzo Ferrari, at which point it begins to slide
away, one of the best racing sports cars.
Top Speed
Average top speed on track is 300~330 km/h (185~207 mph), and the top record
on track is 369.9 km/h (229.8 mph). Off track record on modified F1 cars
reaches 400 km/h (249 mph) at Bonneville Salt Flats.
* All the data comes from wikipedia.org and other internet source.
** An interesting fact about car's acceleration: A top fuel dragster
accelerates from a standstill to 100 mph (160 km/h) in as little as 0.7
seconds and can exceed 280 mph (450 km/h) in just 660 feet (0.2 km). This
acceleration subjects the driver to an average force of about 4.0 G over the
duration of the race. The top competitors reach speeds of 333 mph (536 km/h
) and finishing quarter mile (402 m) runs in less than 4.5 seconds and 1,000
foot races in under 3.8 seconds. The calculated power output of these
engines is most likely somewhere between 8500 and 10,000 hp (approximately
4500-6000 kW), with a torque output of approximately 6000 lb·ft (8135 N·m)
. For the purposes of comparison, a 2010 Bugatti Veyron Super Sport, the
world's most powerful production automobile at the time, produces 1,184 hp (
883 kW) horsepower and 1106 lbf·ft (1500 N·m) torque. Top Fuel engine
cannot be run at its maximum power output for more than 10 seconds without
overheating or possibly destroying itself explosively.
1 (共1页)
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相关话题的讨论汇总
话题: f1话题: km话题: mph话题: cars话题: top