i****l
发帖数: 579 | 1 发信人: slli (老良), 信区: SFworld
标 题: Foundation and Earth 69
发信站: BBS 水木清华站 (Thu Oct 28 20:34:03 1999)
Foundation and Earth
Part Six
Alpha
Chapter 16
The Center of the Worlds
69.
Trevize stared at Pelorat for a long moment, and with an expression
of clear displeasure. Then he said, "Is there something you saw that I did
not, and that you did not tell me about?"
"No," answered Pelorat mild |
|
i****l
发帖数: 579 | 2 发信人: slli (老良), 信区: SFworld
标 题: Foundation and Earth 70
发信站: BBS 水木清华站 (Sun Oct 31 23:04:26 1999)
Foundation and Earth
Part Six
Alpha
Chapter 16
The Center of the Worlds
70.
It didn't. Trevize, who has used to accepting miracles from the
computer, found himself astonished at how little time it took.
Trevize had instructed the computer to sound a soft, reverberating
note upon deciding upon th |
|
i****l
发帖数: 579 | 3 标 题: Foundation and Earth 71
发信站: BBS 水木清华站 (Tue Nov 2 00:22:09 1999)
Foundation and Earth
Part Six
Alpha
Chapter 16
The Center of the Worlds
71.
Trevize broke contact with the computer, and the lights brightened.
That was the signal, apparently, for Bliss to return, with Fallom
tagging after her. "Well, then, what are the results?" she asked.
Trevize tonelessly, "Somewhat di |
|
i****l
发帖数: 579 | 4 发信人: slli (老良), 信区: SFworld
标 题: Foundation and Earth 72
发信站: BBS 水木清华站 (Tue Nov 2 13:00:11 1999)
Foundation and Earth
Part Six
Alpha
Chapter 16
The Center of the Worlds
72.
"Well, now," said Bliss, "we won't take any part of your fortune if
you lose, so why not settle the matter in a forthright manner? Let's visit
the star as soon as you can make the Jump."
Trevize shook his head, " |
|
i****l
发帖数: 579 | 5 发信人: slli (老良), 信区: SFworld
标 题: Foundation and Earth 73
发信站: BBS 水木清华站 (Fri Nov 5 22:42:14 1999)
Foundation and Earth
Part Six
Alpha
Chapter 16
The Center of the Worlds
73.
"Two big stars," said Fallom, pointing to the viewscreen.
"That's right," said Trevize. "Two of them. ---- Bliss, do keep an
eye on her. I don't want her fiddling with anything."
"She's fascinated by machinery," |
|
i****l
发帖数: 579 | 6 发信人: slli (老良), 信区: SFworld
标 题: Foundation and Earth 74
发信站: BBS 水木清华站 (Sun Nov 7 18:59:55 1999)
Foundation and Earth
Part Six
Alpha
Chapter 17
New Earth
74.
"Four planets," muttered Trevize. "All are small, plus a trailing off
of asteroids. No gas giants."
Pelorat said, "Do you find that disappointing?"
"Not really. It's expected. Binaries that circle each other at small
di |
|
b*****r
发帖数: 321 | 7 发D臙E: slli (AIA, D徘o: SFworld
眅 Ia: Foundation and Earth 75
发D臤_: BBS Er腳清华O_ (Mon Nov 8 19:18:30 1999)
Foundation and Earth
Part Six
Alpha
Chapter 17
New Earth
75.
They came down when the first rays of the morning sun shone through a
break in the clouds to reveal part of the island ---- freshly green, with its
interior marked by a line of low, rolling hills stretching into the purplish
dist |
|
b*****r
发帖数: 321 | 8 发D臙E: slli (AIA, D徘o: SFworld
眅 Ia: Foundation and Earth 76
发D臤_: BBS Er腳清华O_ (Tue Nov 9 19:47:51 1999)
Foundation and Earth
Part Six
Alpha
Chapter 17
New Earth
76.
Trevize was no time to follow up on the statement. Others were
arriving. Dozens. They must consist of those, Trevize thought, who were not
on the ships or in the fields, and who were not from too far away. They came
on foot for t |
|
i****l
发帖数: 579 | 9 发信人: slli (老良), 信区: SFworld
标 题: Foundation and Earth 77
发信站: BBS 水木清华站 (Tue Nov 16 14:43:14 1999)
Foundation and Earth
Part Six
Alpha
Chapter 17
New Earth
77.
Trevize leaned toward Pelorat, and whispered, "Wherever we go,
whatever we do, we get no information."
"We know where Earth is, so what does it matter?" said Pelorat, doing
little more than move his lips."
"I want to kn |
|
i****l
发帖数: 579 | 10 发信人: slli (老良), 信区: SFworld
标 题: Foundation and Earth 78
发信站: BBS 水木清华站 (Wed Nov 17 22:15:24 1999)
Foundation and Earth
Part Six
Alpha
Chapter 18
The Music Festival
78.
Lunch was in the same dining room in which they had had breakfast. It
was full of Alphans, and with them were Trevize and Pelorat, made thoroughly
welcome. Bliss and Fallom ate separately, and more or less privately, in a
smal |
|
i****l
发帖数: 579 | 11 发信人: slli (老良), 信区: SFworld
标 题: Foundation and Earth 79
发信站: BBS 水木清华站 (Fri Nov 26 00:05:29 1999)
Foundation and Earth
Part Six
Alpha
Chapter 18
The Music Festival
79.
Trevize sat back in his chair, staring at Pelorat, who was sitting on
a narrow cot. Bliss, having risen from where she had been sitting next to
Pelorat, looked from one to the other.
Finally, Trevize said, "Let me be t |
|
i****l
发帖数: 579 | 12 发信人: slli (老良), 信区: SFworld
标 题: Foundation and Earth 80
发信站: BBS 水木清华站 (Sat Nov 27 00:27:49 1999)
Foundation and Earth
Part Six
Alpha
Chapter 18
The Music Festival
80.
Trevize drew a deep breath, then said, in a carefully controlled
voice, "Nonsense, Janov. That's not true."
Pelorat said, 'Well, now, old chap, you mustn't believe something
just because you want to believe it."
|
|
i****l
发帖数: 579 | 13 发信人: slli (老良), 信区: SFworld
标 题: Foundation and Earth 81
发信站: BBS 水木清华站 (Sun Nov 28 15:50:10 1999)
Foundation and Earth
Part Six
Alpha
Chapter 18
The Music Festival
81.
Oddly enough, it was Fallom who was most excited at the prospect of a
musical evening. She and Bliss had bathed in the small outhouse behind their
quarters. It had a bath with running water, hot and cold (or, rather, warm
and |
|
i****l
发帖数: 579 | 14 发信人: slli (老良), 信区: SFworld
标 题: Foundation and Earth 82
发信站: BBS 水木清华站 (Mon Nov 29 23:54:42 1999)
Foundation and Earth
Part Six
Alpha
Chapter 18
The Music Festival
82.
The Hall in which the music festival was to be held was about as
large as the dining room, and there were folding seats (rather uncomfortable,
Trevize found out) for about a hundred fifty people. As honored guests, the
visitor |
|
i****l
发帖数: 579 | 15 发信人: slli (老良), 信区: SFworld
标 题: Foundation and Earth 83
发信站: BBS 水木清华站 (Tue Nov 30 12:33:16 1999)
Foundation and Earth
Part Six
Alpha
Chapter 18
The Music Festival
83.
Each of the two rooms of their quarters were lit by one fluorescent
light. The outhouse had a third. The lights were dim, and were uncomfortable
to read by, but at least the rooms were no longer dark.
Yet they now ling |
|
i****l
发帖数: 579 | 16 发信人: slli (老良), 信区: SFworld
标 题: Foundation and Earth 84
发信站: BBS 水木清华站 (Wed Dec 1 12:28:49 1999)
Foundation and Earth
Part Six
Alpha
Chapter 18
The Music Festival
84.
The three outworlders stared frozenly at Hiroko for a long moment.
Then Trevize said, "Are you saying your people will kill us?"
Hiroko said, as the tears rolled down her cheeks, "Thou art already
on the road to death, |
|
i****l
发帖数: 579 | 17 发信人: slli (老良), 信区: SFworld
标 题: Foundation and Earth 85
发信站: BBS 水木清华站 (Thu Dec 2 09:04:59 1999)
Foundation and Earth
Part Seven
Earth
Chapter 19
Radioactive?
85.
The Far Star took off quietly, rising slowly through the atmosphere,
leaving the dark island below. The few faint dots of light beneath them
dimmed and vanished, and as the atmosphere grew thinner with height, the
ship's speed gre |
|
i****l
发帖数: 579 | 18 发信人: slli (老良), 信区: SFworld
标 题: Foundation and Earth 86
发信站: BBS 水木清华站 (Fri Dec 3 11:13:56 1999)
Foundation and Earth
Part Seven
Earth
Chapter 19
Radioactive?
86.
After the Jump, the star that might well be Earth's sun was still a
tenth of a parsec away. It was the brightest object in the sky by far, but
it
was still no more than a star.
Trevize kept its light filtered for ease of v |
|
i****l
发帖数: 579 | 19 发信人: slli (老良), 信区: SFworld
标 题: Foundation and Earth 87
发信站: BBS 水木清华站 (Sat Dec 4 09:10:45 1999)
Foundation and Earth
Part Seven
Earth
Chapter 19
Radioactive?
87.
"You lose," said Trevize abstractedly. "How much money did you
decide
to bet?"
"None. I never accepted the wager," said Bliss.
"Just as well. I wouldn't like to accept the money, anyway."
They were some 10 |
|
i****l
发帖数: 579 | 20 发信人: slli (老良), 信区: SFworld
标 题: Foundation and Earth 88
发信站: BBS 水木清华站 (Sun Dec 5 11:14:47 1999)
Foundation and Earth
Part Seven
Earth
Chapter 19
Radioactive?
88.
A gas giant was in view, seen at an angle that allowed most of it to
be sunlit. About it, there curved a broad and brilliant ring of material,
tipped so as to catch the sunlight on the side being viewed. It was brighter
than the p |
|
i****l
发帖数: 579 | 21 发信人: slli (老良), 信区: SFworld
标 题: Foundation and Earth 89
发信站: BBS 水木清华站 (Tue Dec 7 22:23:51 1999)
Foundation and Earth
Part Seven
Earth
Chapter 19
Radioactive?
89.
The gas giants were well behind. An asteroid belt lay just inside
the
gas giant nearest the sun. (That gas giant was the largest and most massive,
just as the legends said.)
Inside the asteroid belt were four planets.
|
|
i****l
发帖数: 579 | 22 发信人: slli (老良), 信区: SFworld
标 题: Foundation and Earth 90
发信站: BBS 水木清华站 (Tue Dec 7 22:24:43 1999)
Foundation and Earth
Part Seven
Earth
Chapter 19
Radioactive?
90.
They were on the second day of their coasting progress toward Earth,
and Bliss yawned over the dinner meal. She said, "It seemed to me we've
spent
more time coasting toward and away from planets than anything else. We've
spent wee |
|
i****l
发帖数: 579 | 23 发信人: slli (老良), 信区: SFworld
标 题: Foundation and Earth 91
发信站: BBS 水木清华站 (Tue Dec 7 22:25:36 1999)
Foundation and Earth
Part Seven
Earth
Chapter 19
Radioactive?
91.
Fallom was sitting on the cot in deep thought when Bliss came into
the room. Fallom looked up briefly, then down again.
Bliss said quietly, "What's the matter, Fallom?"
Fallom said, "Why does Trevize dislike me so |
|
i****l
发帖数: 579 | 24 发信人: slli (老良), 信区: SFworld
标 题: Foundation and Earth 93
发信站: BBS 水木清华站 (Tue Dec 7 22:27:32 1999)
Foundation and Earth
Part Seven
Earth
Chapter 19
Radioactive?
93.
For the next thirty-six hours, Trevize was vaguely aware that Bliss
and, to a lesser degree, Pelorat, tended to dog his footsteps. Still, that
was not utterly unusual in a ship as compact as theirs, and he had other
things on his |
|
i****l
发帖数: 579 | 25 发信人: slli (老良), 信区: SFworld
标 题: Foundation and Earth 94
发信站: BBS 水木清华站 (Tue Dec 7 22:28:17 1999)
Foundation and Earth
Part Seven
Earth
Chapter 20
The Nearby World
94.
For four successive meals, Pelorat and Bliss had seen Trevize only
at
meals. During the rest of the time, he was either in the pilot-room or in
his
bedroom. At mealtimes, he was silent. His lips remained pressed together and
h |
|
i****l
发帖数: 579 | 26 发信人: slli (老良), 信区: SFworld
标 题: Foundation and Earth 95
发信站: BBS 水木清华站 (Tue Dec 7 22:28:44 1999)
Foundation and Earth
Part Seven
Earth
Chapter 20
The Nearby World
95.
Fallom, at the computer console, was completely absorbed. Her small,
long-fingered hands were stretched wide in order to fit the faintly gleaming
handmarks on the desk. Fallom's hands seemed to sink into the material of
the
de |
|
i****l
发帖数: 579 | 27 发信人: slli (老良), 信区: SFworld
标 题: Foundation and Earth 96
发信站: BBS 水木清华站 (Tue Dec 7 22:29:24 1999)
Foundation and Earth
Part Seven
Earth
Chapter 20
The Nearby World
96.
Bliss clutched wildly at Trevize's arm. "Don't! Don't!"
She clung strongly, holding him back, while Pelorat stood, confused
and frozen, in the background.
Trevize was shouting, "Take your hands off the computer |
|
i****l
发帖数: 579 | 28 发信人: slli (老良), 信区: SFworld
标 题: Foundation and Earth 97
发信站: BBS 水木清华站 (Tue Dec 7 22:30:00 1999)
Foundation and Earth
Part Seven
Earth
Chapter 20
The Nearby World
97.
Pelorat stared, then ignored the final remark and went back to an
earlier puzzle. "In what way did Fallom ask for two self-contradictory
things?"
"Well, she said she wanted the ship to go to Solaria."
"Yes. Of |
|
i****l
发帖数: 579 | 29 发信人: slli (老良), 信区: SFworld
标 题: Foundation and Earth 98
发信站: BBS 水木清华站 (Tue Dec 7 22:30:35 1999)
Foundation and Earth
Part Seven
Earth
Chapter 20
The Nearby World
98.
Bliss looked at Trevize accusingly. "I've finally got her to sleep.
I
had the hardest time. She was wild. Fortunately, I don't think I've damaged
her."
Trevize said coldly, "You might try removing her fixation on Jemby |
|
i****l
发帖数: 579 | 30 发信人: slli (老良), 信区: SFworld
标 题: Foundation and Earth 99
发信站: BBS 水木清华站 (Tue Dec 7 22:32:47 1999)
Foundation and Earth
Part Seven
Earth
Chapter 20
The Nearby World
99.
The moon was a wasteland. Trevize watched the bright daylit portion
drifting past them below. It was a monotonous panorama of crater rings and
mountainous areas. And of shadows black against the sunlight. There were
subtle col |
|
i****l
发帖数: 579 | 31 发信人: slli (老良), 信区: SFworld
标 题: Foundation and Earth 100
发信站: BBS 水木清华站 (Tue Dec 7 22:33:14 1999)
Foundation and Earth
Part Seven
Earth
Chapter 20
The Nearby World
100.
Down they sank to the moon's surface, in what was almost jubilation.
Even Fallom had joined them now and, with the abandonment of a youngster,
was
hugging herself with unbearable joy as though she were truly returning to
Sol |
|
i****l
发帖数: 579 | 32 发信人: slli (老良), 信区: SFworld
标 题: Foundation and Earth 101
发信站: BBS 水木清华站 (Tue Dec 7 22:34:57 1999)
Foundation and Earth
Part Seven
Earth
Chapter 21
The Search Ends
101.
Trevize found himself in a complete state of disbelief. He had
recovered from the odd euphoria he had felt just before and after the
landing
on the moon ---- a euphoria, he now suspected, that had been imposed on him
by this |
|
i****l
发帖数: 579 | 33 发信人: slli (老良), 信区: SFworld
标 题: Foundation and Earth 102
发信站: BBS 水木清华站 (Tue Dec 7 22:35:43 1999)
Foundation and Earth
Part Seven
Earth
Chapter 21
The Search Ends
102.
Perhaps it was because of the matter-of-fact way in which Daneel
said
it; or perhaps because a lifetime of twenty thousand years made death seem
no
tragedy to one doomed to live less than half a percent of that period; but,
i |
|
i****l
发帖数: 579 | 34 发信人: slli (老良), 信区: SFworld
标 题: Foundation and earth 103
发信站: BBS 水木清华站 (Tue Dec 7 22:36:33 1999)
Foundation and Earth
Part Seven
Earth
Chapter 21
The Search Ends
103.
Bliss returned, smiling, clearly in a state of great pleasure.
"We couldn't pass beyond the bounds of the estate," she said, "but
it
all reminded me very much of Solaria. Fallom, of course, is convinced it is
Solaria. |
|
i****l
发帖数: 579 | 35 发信人: slli (老良), 信区: SFworld
标 题: Foundation and Earth 104 (end)
发信站: BBS 水木清华站 (Tue Dec 7 22:37:33 1999)
Foundation and Earth
Part Seven
Earth
Chapter 21
The Search Ends
104.
Bliss remained motionless for the time one might take to count to
fifty at a moderate rate, as though she was allowing the information to
reach
all parts of Gaia, and then she said, "Why?"
Trevize said, "Listen |
|
t****a
发帖数: 554 | 36 发信人: Jungle (自由的荆棘), 信区: SFworld
标 题: Foundation (第一部) 1
发信站: BBS 水木清华站 (Wed Oct 15 12:08:19 1997)
FUNDATION Isaac Asimov
PART I THE PSYCHOHISTORIANS
PART II THE ENCYCLOPEDISTS
PART III THE MAYORS
PART IV THE TRADERS
PART V THE MERCHANT PRINCES
PART I THE PSYCHOHISTORIANS
HARI SELDON--...born in the 11,988th year of
the Galactic Era; died 12,069. The dates are more com-
monly given in terms of the current Foundational Era as |
|
t****a
发帖数: 554 | 37 精华区有第一部的中文
那个Foundation Edge不是三部曲的
下面接着的是Foundation and Empire |
|
t****a
发帖数: 554 | 38 发信人: Jungle (自由的荆棘), 信区: SFworld
标 题: Foundation （第一部） 4
发信站: BBS 水木清华站 (Mon Dec 8 15:01:00 1997)
PART IV THE TRADERS
1.
TRADERS--...and constantly in advance of the
political hegemony of the Foundation were the Traders,
reaching out tenuous fingerholds through the tremendous
distances of the Periphery. Months or years might pass
between landings on Terminus; their ships were often
nothing more than patchquilts of home-made repairs and
improvisations; their hones |
|
t****a
发帖数: 554 | 39 发信人: Jungle (自由的荆棘), 信区: SFworld
标 题: Foundation (第一部) 5
发信站: BBS 水木清华站 (Tue May 5 08:52:10 1998)
PART V THE MERCHANT PRINCES
1.
TRADERS--...With psychohistoric inevitability, eco-
nomic control of the Foundation grew. The traders grew
rich; and with riches came power. ...
It is sometimes forgotten that Hober Mallow began
life as an ordinary trader. It is never forgotten that he
ended it as the first of the Merchant Princes. ...
E |
|
c**c
发帖数: 2593 | 40 基地（Foundation）三部曲是阿西莫夫（Isaac Asimov）
的巅峰之作。原作是断断续续于四十年代发表在美国科幻
杂志上的一系列互相关联的故事，于五十年代初结集成三
部小说出版，此后一直被公认为科幻史上空前成功的系列
小说，对后世科幻作品有着极其深远的影响。
1966年的雨果奖（Hugo's Award，科幻界最高奖）评出一
个特别奖项叫“历来最佳系列”（Best All-Time Series），
基地三部曲轻易夺魁。
1982年，阿西莫夫迫于出版商的压力，在中断三十多年后
又写了一本小说作为基地三部曲的续集，叫《基地边缘》
（Foundation's Edge）。我们可以想象一下，金庸封笔这
么多年后要是突然又写了一部武侠小说，那该是怎样的一
种轰动。当时阿西莫夫造成的就是这样的轰动，科幻迷们
在意外的狂喜之中一举将这本书抬上了1983年的雨果奖宝
座，成为科幻史上又一佳话。
更神奇的是，1996年的雨果奖又设立一类特别奖项，叫做
“雨果回顾奖”（Retrospective Hugos），评的是1953年
雨果奖设立之前的优秀科幻小说，长篇奖的得主，正是基
地系列第二部 |
|
|
|
n*****g
发帖数: 626 | 43 USTC Alumni Foundation Newsletter (2006-09-10)
http://ustcaf.spaces.live.com/
Table of Content
USTC Alumni News:
09/10/06 Dialogue between USTC Students and Alumni
09/06/06 纳米世界中探索美——记７８４校友秦禄昌
09/06/06 我校“绿色通道”畅通 贫困学生顺利入学
09/02/06 英文发音地道 科大讯飞语音勇夺“世界杯”
08/31/06 USTC Alumni Foundation Honor Roll (8-31-2006)
08/30/06 [江淮晨报]合肥一考生放弃港大读科大
08/27/06 [成都日报]朱清时：功利思想“扼杀”未来大师级专家
08/27/06 [温州日报][评论]高校需要“精神另类”
USTC Alumni Career Link:
09/07/06 On-Semi Job Openings
09/07/06 Board Level RF Hardw |
|
n*****g
发帖数: 626 | 44 Even though many USTCers are on vacation during the
month of July, USTCAF still managed to raise close to
$20K. In specific, USTCAF received final payment of
FatWallet charity bucks in the amount of over $4000
thanks to efforts by FatWallet users.
USTCAF greatly appreciates following alumni, friends
and corporations for their generous contribution during
July of 2007 to our efforts in helping USTC and its people.
Intel Foundation
Moody's Foundation
PAN Dai 潘岱 870
GU Zhengtian 顾震天 8712
Jacky |
|
s**u
发帖数: 9035 | 45 The New York Stem Cell Foundation Requests Applications for: Innovator
Awards for Early Career Investigators
WEBSITE: http://iem.ucsd.edu/system/assets/53/NYSCFStem%20Cell%20Investigator%20RFA_2011.pdf
The New York Stem Cell Foundation Requests Applications for: Innovator
Awards for Early Career Investigators
NYSCF is soliciting applications from early career investigators for
awards that will cultivate research exploring the therapeutic
potential of human stem cells. The main goal of this initi... 阅读全帖 |
|
r*****n
发帖数: 964 | 46 【 以下文字转载自 TonyXuClub 俱乐部 】
发信人: rockban (rockban), 信区: TonyXuClub
标 题: 请教：foundation检查结果
发信站: BBS 未名空间站 (Wed Sep 1 15:31:59 2010, 美东)
我找了一个foundation contractor来检查我要买的房子。起因是因为我发现crawl
space里房子西南边有一个柱子已经几乎完全离开pier了。这个柱子上面是通向卧室的hallway,这可能直接导致了两个卧室门上面的裂缝。门上面的裂缝倒是不宽，以前一直以为只是cosmetic problem. 这个柱子旁边一根也有1/2离开pier了。
检查的结果说西南边沉降了1.1inch，北边沉降了1.2inch，总共有5个柱子有调整位置
。建议lift，要花15000刀。
报告里一开始没提concrete上有没有裂缝，我后来又问了一下，回复说concrete有一个地
方有surface crack，说lift以后可能就close了。
这个房子40年了，agent说这个年纪的房子大小有这种问题，尤其在湾区。这个房子 |
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Z****g
发帖数: 13731 | 47 There is live load reduction for foundation. Live Load Element Factor Kll=1.
0, foundation is also considered an element. |
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T**9
发帖数: 1528 | 48 比如说，要sizing a mat foundation supporting the columns of a 5 story
building
Assume L0=50 psf.
The area of mat slab of course is 40,000ft^2 way over 400 ft^2.
Tributary areas of most columns 900 ft^2 are also greater than 400 ft^2.
How would you implement live load reduction to get the load on the
foundation?
Let's say using service load combinations:
D+L
D+0.75L+0.7E+0.75Lr
Thank you.
1. |
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w***t
发帖数: 404 | 49 The China Times Cultural Foundation is offering scholarships in support of
doctoral dissertation-writing and research in Chinese studies for the academic
year 2006-2007. Eligibility is restricted to doctoral candidates with
approved proposals in the humanities and social sciences.
The Foundation is a non-profit organization devoted to promoting Chinese
culture and related studies. Since its founding 1986, it has given out
hundreds of awards to Ph. D. candidates. It has also sponsored numerous
ac |
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h*******r
发帖数: 909 | 50 著名的科幻小说Foundation系列，中心线就是Psychohistory, 一种预测社会发展规律
的科学。这个科幻学说的要害之一，就是一个王朝的发展，可以用一个非常复杂的数学
模型来预测。该模型由无数个数学公式构成。从常识的角度考虑，这些公式当然应该是
用来涵盖一个王朝的各方面的参数的。
简单地说，一个王朝的发展路线，无论是兴起也好，灭亡也好，绝对不是一两个公式能
够表达的，也就是说，不是一两个决定因素决定的。
其实，这个观点是有普适性的。比如，只要不是枉死，一个人的死亡过程也是一个综合
了各种因素的过程，很难简单地手是某个器官或原因导致的。
由此出发，来看明朝的灭亡，清朝的兴起和灭亡，大致没有摆脱这个规律。一百个人可
以为明朝的灭亡找到一百个理由，这些理由可以全部成立，但其实全部错误，因为明朝
灭亡的实际过程可能是好几百个理由综合作用的结果。而且，这些理由，有些可能是明
朝特有的，但是，更多的，更有决定性的，可能是所有朝代所共有的，这也解释了为什
么完全不同于明朝的清朝一样走向了灭亡。
末年的明朝，就像一个引擎，transmission， 刹车，信号，润滑等各系统都出现问题
的老... 阅读全帖 |
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