l*****n
发帖数: 125 | 1 Godel的定理简单的说就是证明了"arithmetic is not recursively enumerable."
RE是比decidability弱一些的一个性质，并不要求程序终止，也可以叫做
semidecidable。所以证明了arithmetic不是RE的当然也就证明了arithmetic不是
decidable的。所以，理解Godel的定理需要知道什么是RE，当然和decidability也有关
系，但是说要学Godel's incompleteness theorem必须先学decidability和
undecidability，个人觉得还是未必，呵呵。
至于证明，我也说了，halting problem和Godel的定理有类似的地方，都可以用到对角
线方法（也可以不用，两者都有不止一种证法），本质上都是在构造逻辑悖论，但并不
代表他们描述的是同一个性质，一个是关于RE，一个是关于decidability。
关于inconsistency，看来是我表述不清，每个人都以为我把自洽性当成soundness，其
实我并没有这个意思。我没提inconsistency是因为这... 阅读全帖 |
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y**********n
发帖数: 478 | 2 有很大关系吧。证明进化是有方向的并不难，排除进化是随机的这个null Hypothesis
就可以了。看文章结论 (文章也指出有些因素比如horizontal gene transfer确实是随
机分布的)：
Prokaryotic genomics revealed the wide spread of HGT in the prokaryotic
world and is often claimed to
‘‘uproot’’ the TOL (Doolittle, 1999). Indeed, it is now well established
that HGT spares virtually no genes
at some stages in their history (Gogarten and Townsend, 2005), and these
findings make obsolete a
‘‘strong’’ TOL concept under which all (or the substantial majority) of
the genes would... 阅读全帖 |
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m*****n
发帖数: 5245 | 4 ☆─────────────────────────────────────☆
fol (pisces) 于 (Mon Sep 17 11:42:01 2007) 提到:
很多东西不是用仅仅靠金钱比较的。要比金钱，随便一个企业老板也会强N倍，或者一
个医生或是律师会比一个IT民工高许多。
人通常都爱尝试一些不同的东西，甚至是一些艰苦或是危险的事情。就像有人爱探险，
这些东西并不能带来多少好处，顶多以后作为闲聊的资本。
phd算一种类似于磨练的经历，可能会一直伴随着苦闷，彷徨，颓废，当然也有兴奋，
或是满足。这种经历也许可以带来巨大回报，也许只是一个抬头。
当然人生有很多中历程，我们没法尝试每一种。最后在我们年老的时候只能说，我的人
生历程是沿着这样的路线。。。。
☆─────────────────────────────────────☆
GTO (呵呵) 于 (Mon Sep 17 11:43:26 2007) 提到:
phd是一双鞋，穿上你才知道要不要脱。
☆─────────────────────────────────────☆
fol (pis |
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a******a
发帖数: 2067 | 5 配无花果的都是肥奶酪。。。。。。。。。
话说昨天看到你这无花果帖子，自己也跑去买了无花果
然后……
然后……
就顺手抄了一盒配无花果的奶酪……喵 >_<
我买的是Leerdammer的caractere，这个还没吃过呢，以前一直吃Leerdammer的低脂版
，Leger。它还有个更高脂的，delacreme （名字就透着一股邪劲儿有木有！）
还有Fol Epi的Classic。这个和Leerdammer算是容易找到的。
以前一直吃Leerdammer的低脂版，Leger；Fol Epi也有低脂版。这俩的低脂版算是吃过
的洗皮奶酪种类里，低脂的最好吃的了。其它的都太像橡皮 = = |
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s**********n
发帖数: 3199 | 6 没看楼主原帖－－cs的表示有洁癖没法读．．．开始觉得你也是cs的，后来看到peano
arithmetic觉得你还是数学系底，，，
目测楼主所谓自洽不是sound把，是指consistency吧．．．当然consistency完全不足
与soundness,completeness并列，从cs角度，重要性难望soundness／completeness项
背。
洁癖再为你补充下：soundness指whatever provable (in the proof system) is
indeed semantically true (according to the logic) (completeness反之，any
truth is also provable)，严格说，soundness/completeness一起组成任何逻辑系统
的最重要性质－－即是否存在proof system that is sound and complete；稍次是
decidability涉及有无procedure可以在某proof system里能derive (prove) 所有
stateme... 阅读全帖 |
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l*****n
发帖数: 125 | 7 No... 你说的是Church-Turing Thesis, 我说的是Church-Turing Theorem, 1936年就
证明了的，两者不是一回事。呵呵，我也给个wiki链接吧：
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entscheidungsproblem
Church-Turing Theorem的内容是：The validity of FOL is RE-complete. 所以
undecidability就是一个很简单的推论，另外一个推论是：The satisfiability of
FOL is not recursively enumerable. |
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c***d
发帖数: 996 | 8 ☆─────────────────────────────────────☆
fol (pisces) 于 (Tue Apr 3 14:31:17 2007) 提到:
1. stack里面放了些什么，除了临时变量外。（实在想不出还有什么）
2. 如何防止对象赋值和复制，（我能想到的是把重载的等号操作，和拷贝构造函数私
有化，但是总觉得这种做法别扭）
☆─────────────────────────────────────☆
thrust (Thrust Jaeina) 于 (Tue Apr 3 14:35:21 2007) 提到:
auto variable; return address for function calling; saved context; alloca()
space; etc etc.
it's correct and often used.
☆─────────────────────────────────────☆
fol (pisces) 于 (Tue Apr 3 14:38:35 2007) 提到:
返回地 |
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y**********n
发帖数: 478 | 9 进化是有明确的方向性的，看比较基因组学的证据：
Comparison of phylogenetic trees and search for a central trend in the "
forest of life".
Koonin EV, Puigbò P, Wolf YI.
National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Abstract
The widespread exchange of genes among prokaryotes, known as horizontal gene
transfer (HGT), is often considered to "uproot" the Tree of Life (TOL).
Indeed, it is by now fully clear that genes in general possess di... 阅读全帖 |
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m*********k
发帖数: 10521 | 10 成功奖励 20 伪币的用户: xiaoxiaohe, wwee, WeiLiao, stratifin, skyblue0,
sbfans, Sake09, realbug, QQGINA, pricematch, pascaldechin, nownew,
moonflower7, Macboat, lostworld, lookacar, liliyaya, kennyut, jnyn, JGG,
iJACKET, HifoCH, fol, feihuangpku, ewmitbbs, easygirl, doyouloveme,
crystal2010, chenopod, BOSLobster, bluewater, BlackTee, bittergourd, baddino
奖励版面:(Working)20伪币成功
奖励版面:(Singapore)20伪币成功
奖励版面:(Shaanxi)20伪币成功
奖励版面:(Returnee)20伪币成功
奖励版面:(pets)20伪币成功
奖励版面:(Parenting)20伪币成功
奖励版面:(NextGeneration)20伪... 阅读全帖 |
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m*********k
发帖数: 10521 | 11 成功奖励 20 伪币的用户:
searchlyf, Acartia, kinkkink, jsolomon, kuroro, totem, Heath, hhha, goldcoin
, pheofe, flashingup, qiaoqiaosisi, orangesky, moonlightly, irisjz,
DarkMatterER, caterr, ostervista, ironboy, vin2000, xiaohuoji, graceman,
wayofflying, wayofflying, Herzog, fengqi, qingshuiyi, panicpig2011,
wayofflying, memediu, mitbbs2012, fol, chatham, oskarlre, icyhearted,
jqkitty, znprc, weewow, iamsexybaby, aiyayayaya, faintfish, suntiger,
Taraxacum, kurama82, ppppmm, dreamingtige, vin2000, bernard... 阅读全帖 |
|
m*********k
发帖数: 10521 | 12 本次统计截止时间为：2013-08-20 02:00:00 （美东时间）
成功奖励 20 伪币的用户: gi, KFN, codaa, trading2008, KingOfLunHui,
daydayup815, cds, spectrum805, fastgreen, metalmetal, majiamit, mz2015,
pureleaf123, tnc, Decon, zhurou, likelike, delvieri, dora123, clarinetchen,
justwatching, redscarf, dragonknight, Christiano, renaissance, MapleAngel,
hyzhust, adventure09, vivaforever, tangguoxin, twinbabies, nowhere7, Healy,
desmond, ChupaCabra, icq9999, bigcatfish, fol, rainboll, Judsonzhao,
lastduke, midwestPstD, aristo425, dxh... 阅读全帖 |
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t*n
发帖数: 14458 | 13 【 以下文字转载自 Military2 讨论区 】
发信人: tin (大猪小猪摞一盘), 信区: Military2
标 题: Re: 苏定方一千破八万的一点点考证
发信站: BBS 未名空间站 (Thu Feb 23 11:14:10 2012, 美东)
下面就说说乌海战果，消灭了八万吐蕃军，还击毙对方主将达延莽布支。这个达延莽布
支又是何许人也？幸运的是敦煌吐蕃文书中还有另外一条关于他的记载，给了我们一
点线索：
《敦煌本吐蕃历史文书（增订本）》，王尧 陈践 译注， 民族出版社， 1992
略读一下吐蕃历史文书的大事记部分，有记载去收税的都是大论或者其他的重臣。可见
达延莽布支在吐蕃当时是有相当高的地位。
唐代吐蕃的杰琛(rgyal phran)， 作者：林冠群，台湾蒙藏委员会“蒙藏专题研究丛书
”第一○一种，2001年
“
吐蕃大事系年于653年记载了一位名为Da rgyal mang po rje(达延莽布杰)者，为蕃廷
征收农田的赋税。[１７６]随后于659年记载，达延于青海地区的乌海附近，与唐将苏
定方交战殉职。[１７７]至675 年，有称dBon da rgyal k... 阅读全帖 |
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T****r
发帖数: 22092 | 15 http://www.zamg.ac.at/aktuell/index.php?seite=1&artikel=ZAMG_20
Unfall in Fukushima: Ausbreitung von Radioaktivit?t (Update: 18. M?rz 20
11 13:00)
Wetter in der Krisenregion
Derzeit herrscht in der Krisenregion eine westliche H?henstr?mung vor. A
m Boden ist es relativ windschwach. Es ist niederschlagsfrei. In der Fol
ge dreht der Wind auf Südost und verst?rkt sich. Am Sonntag erreicht ei
ne Front aus Südwesten das Krisengebiet und führt zu teilweise kr?ftig
en Niederschl?gen. Hinter der Front s... 阅读全帖 |
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t*n
发帖数: 14458 | 16 下面就说说乌海战果，消灭了八万吐蕃军，还击毙对方主将达延莽布支。这个达延莽布
支又是何许人也？幸运的是敦煌吐蕃文书中还有另外一条关于他的记载，给了我们一
点线索：
《敦煌本吐蕃历史文书（增订本）》，王尧 陈践 译注， 民族出版社， 1992
略读一下吐蕃历史文书的大事记部分，有记载去收税的都是大论或者其他的重臣。可见
达延莽布支在吐蕃当时是有相当高的地位。
唐代吐蕃的杰琛(rgyal phran)， 作者：林冠群，台湾蒙藏委员会“蒙藏专题研究丛书
”第一○一种，2001年
“
吐蕃大事系年于653年记载了一位名为Da rgyal mang po rje(达延莽布杰)者，为蕃廷
征收农田的赋税。[１７６]随后于659年记载，达延于青海地区的乌海附近，与唐将苏
定方交战殉职。[１７７]至675 年，有称dBon da rgyal khri zung(坌达延墀松)者贡
金鼎。[１７８]此坌达延墀松继于687、688、690及694年，都参与集会议盟等重要活动
，而于694年去世。 [１７９]接着，于706年，有称dBon da rgyal btsan zung(坌达延
赞松)者，与大相乞力徐... 阅读全帖 |
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d*******a
发帖数: 1443 | 17 问一下大家寄笔记本电脑的箱子都在哪买的？uline收运费后就挺贵的。
我也提供一些信息。Staples Industrial免运费。24X12X6的寄samsung和gateway的笔
记本电脑挺合适。18X18X6用来寄Asus的。更大的笔记本用24X5X18足够了。而且Vari-
Depth的箱子可以调整箱子深度，不用担心体积重量超过实际重量。
Item 1 Qty. Subtotal
RSC 24X12X6 VARIDPTH 4-2 20/BD
Item No.: 690431 Price: $26.80/each
1.0 $26.80
Item 2 Qty. Subtotal
RSC 18X18X6 VARIDEPTH 6 4 2 20/BD
Item No.: 690343 Price: $34.00/each
1.0 $34.00
Subtotal: $60.80
Shipping: FREE
Item 1 Qty. Su... 阅读全帖 |
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d*******a
发帖数: 1443 | 18 问一下大家寄笔记本电脑的箱子都在哪买的？uline收运费后就挺贵的。
我也提供一些信息。Staples Industrial免运费。24X12X6的寄samsung和gateway的笔
记本电脑挺合适。18X18X6用来寄Asus的。更大的笔记本用24X5X18足够了。而且Vari-
Depth的箱子可以调整箱子深度，不用担心体积重量超过实际重量。
Item 1 Qty. Subtotal
RSC 24X12X6 VARIDPTH 4-2 20/BD
Item No.: 690431 Price: $26.80/each
1.0 $26.80
Item 2 Qty. Subtotal
RSC 18X18X6 VARIDEPTH 6 4 2 20/BD
Item No.: 690343 Price: $34.00/each
1.0 $34.00
Subtotal: $60.80
Shipping: FREE
Item 1 Qty. Su... 阅读全帖 |
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d*******a
发帖数: 1443 | 19 http://www.mitbbs.com/article_t0/ebiz/34293061.html
Staples Industrial。24X12X6的寄samsung和gateway的笔
记本电脑挺合适。18X18X6用来寄Asus的。更大的笔记本用24X5X18足够了。而且Vari-
Depth的箱子可以调整箱子深度，不用担心体积重量超过实际重量。
Item 1 Qty. Subtotal
RSC 24X12X6 VARIDPTH 4-2 20/BD
Item No.: 690431 Price: $26.80/each
1.0 $26.80
Item 2 Qty. Subtotal
RSC 18X18X6 VARIDEPTH 6 4 2 20/BD
Item No.: 690343 Price: $34.00/each
1.0 $34.00
Subtotal: $60.80
Shipping: FREE
Item 1 Qty. ... 阅读全帖 |
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c*********u
发帖数: 361 | 20 One spacious room available from May to August 2010. Early move-in possible.
The house is located in at the intersection between Commonwealth Ave. and Wa
shington St., within 3 minutes' walk to the Washington Street station of Gre
en B line. Walking distance to Whole Foods Market; 10 minutes to Packard's C
orner/Super 88/Shaws; 20 minutes to Boston University Central/Boston College
; 30~40 minutes to Downtown/Back Bay. You can view the address using the fol
lowing link:
http://maps.google.com/ma |
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h******e
发帖数: 1791 | 21 terms and conditions已经改了。粗读了一下MEMBERSHIP BENEFITS：
You may only earn cash back on purchases of up to $500 per retailer per
member household per twelve month period, and can only receive up to $12
5 cash back every 3-months (cash earned can be carried over into the fol
lowing 3 month period).
这下要多交一些membership fee了。 |
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l**********y
发帖数: 503 | 22 看到瓶子上说每天要吃1ml ped说最好不要跟奶放一起吃 可是我以前都是跟奶放一起吃
ped说跟奶混一起会有沉淀
可是这种东西味道好难吃啊 不跟母乳一起吃 该怎么喂宝宝吃啊
JMS你们都是怎么弄的啊 谢谢了 |
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g***h
发帖数: 3246 | 25 吃奶前就滴在宝宝嘴里，她不喜欢，但是立刻递上奶瓶，吃了就好了，跟我吃鸡蛋黄一
样。。。觉得要是胸喂，这东西好像不太好喂。混在奶瓶里喂，这么难吃的味道，怕宝
宝连奶都不肯喝了。 |
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u********e
发帖数: 4950 | 29 StarVenus 的“FOL”不是股票，视为无效， 需要重选一个
Brightl 的“RCP" 也无效， 需要重选一个
请尽快更新， 要不作废哦
呵呵 |
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L*********n
发帖数: 1225 | 30 Summary here. Good luck!
ID Stock Selection
擂主 RIM prgn apwr cnit cnam
1 babycrynot sd bx stp aa
2 slimcan sina edu fsys nyx
3 mikejackson wfmi open cmg slv
4 JustinCase anx vrtx acur amrn
5 brightl rcp de bki nxpi
6 rotone hban de f coh
7 denver endp ree expr hwd
8 babycrynot amd usu drys aig
9 stl... 阅读全帖 |
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b******r
发帖数: 16603 | 31 Try those
•FactorShares 2X: S&P500 Bull/TBond Bear (NYSEArca: FSE)
•FactorShares 2X: TBond Bull/S&P500 Bear (NYSEArca: FSA)
•FactorShares 2X: S&P500 Bull/USD Bear (NYSEArca: FSU)
•FactorShares 2X: Oil Bull/S&P500 Bear (NYSEArca: FOL)
•FactorShares 2X: Gold Bull/S&P500 Bear (NYSEArca: FSG) |
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r******r
发帖数: 39 | 32 今天也收到ca.tax helpdesk的回复了，贴出来共享一下。
You can leave SSN/ITIN number blank for your wife. Once we process your
return we will issue her a number.
You do not need an envelope or green label to mail your return. Please use
the address below to mail your return.
If your tax return reflects a refund please mail your return to the
following address:
Franchise Tax Board
PO Box 942840
Sacramento 94240-0002
If your tax return reflects a balance due please mail your return to the
fol |
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k****f
发帖数: 55 | 33 这个应该是从8843表上来的，这里说的exempt后面解释说：
Exempt individual.
Do not count days for which you are an exempt individual. The term
“exempt individual” does not refer to someone exempt from U.S. tax, but to
anyone in the fol-lowing categories.
An individual temporarily present in the United States as a foreign
government-related individual under an “A” or “G” visa.
A teacher or trainee temporarily present in the United States under a “J”
or “Q” visa, who substantially complies with the re-quirements of ... 阅读全帖 |
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k****f
发帖数: 55 | 34 这个应该是从8843表上来的，这里说的exempt后面解释说：
Exempt individual.
Do not count days for which you are an exempt individual. The term
“exempt individual” does not refer to someone exempt from U.S. tax, but to
anyone in the fol-lowing categories.
An individual temporarily present in the United States as a foreign
government-related individual under an “A” or “G” visa.
A teacher or trainee temporarily present in the United States under a “J”
or “Q” visa, who substantially complies with the re-quirements of ... 阅读全帖 |
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j********x
发帖数: 2330 | 35 似乎不算吧
Exempt individual. Do not count days for which you are an exempt individual.
The term “exempt individual” does not refer to someone exempt from U.S.
tax, but to anyone in the fol- lowing categories.
学生算exempt，那也就是说f1待在美国的时间不算数，这样h1b的时间只有2月
哪位有经验 |
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s******m
发帖数: 2310 | 38 刚看的状态：
On October 14, 2011, we mailed you a notice that we had registered this cust
omer's new permanent resident status. Please follow any instructions on the
notice. Your new permanent resident card should be mailed within 60 days fol
lowing this registration or after you complete any ADIT processing referred
to in the welcome notice, whichever is later. If you move before receiving y
our card, please call our customer service center at 1-800-375-5283.
During this step the formal decision (app... 阅读全帖 |
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I*1
发帖数: 1172 | 39 gxgx
cust
the
fol
referred
y
de
can
fi |
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k****s
发帖数: 1147 | 40 gxgx
cust
the
fol
referred
y
de
can
fi |
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s******m
发帖数: 2310 | 41 按照上面说的接下来还可能还要做个什么ADIT processing？这是个什么东西？我lg绿的
时候是一下就受到了绿卡 咋我的这么麻烦...
刚看的状态：
On October 14, 2011, we mailed you a notice that we had registered this cust
omer's new permanent resident status. Please follow any instructions on the
notice. Your new permanent resident card should be mailed within 60 days fol
lowing this registration or after you complete any ADIT processing referred
to in the welcome notice, whichever is later. If you move before receiving y
our card, please call our customer ser... 阅读全帖 |
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a****o
发帖数: 484 | 42 这个是follow to join的case.她的PD按她LG的就是2006年的啦。
绿的
cust
the
fol
referred
y
de |
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s*****a
发帖数: 545 | 43 299页
(b) PREFERENCE ALLOCATION FOR EMPLOYMENT-
BASED IMMIGRANTS.—Section 201(b)(1) (8 U.S.C.
1151(b)(1)) is amended by adding at the end the fol
lowing:
‘‘(F) Derivative beneficiaries as described
in section 203(d) of employment-based immi-
grants under section 203(b).
‘‘(G) Aliens with extraordinary ability in
the sciences, arts, education, business, or ath-
letics which has been demonstrated by sus-
tained national or international acclaim, if, with
respect to any such alien—
‘‘(H) Aliens who... 阅读全帖 |
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a***l
发帖数: 248 | 44 (b) PREFERENCE ALLOCATION FOR EMPLOYMENT-
BASED IMMIGRANTS.—Section 201(b)(1) (8 U.S.C.
1151(b)(1)) is amended by adding at the end the fol
lowing:
(J) Aliens who have earned a doctorate degree.
只要有PHD就可以？？？
My understanding is: it is for employment based immigrants, which means
Employment + PhD. It also has the implication of related fields. This puts
PhD holders with an employment in similar as the 1st category. |
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k*****o
发帖数: 1972 | 45 Section 201(b)(1) (8 U.S.C. 1151(b)(1)) is amended by adding at the end the
fol: lowing:
这句话很重要，看看原来的条款是并列的还是同时满足的关系就知道了。申请过EB１的
人应该知道
文字看来，STEM不STEM没啥关系。
看来美帝是只要人才，不管是那疙瘩出来的 |
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f**u
发帖数: 2769 | 46 摘要：
取消了EB的国别名额限制。FB的名额限制由7%提升为15%。
取消了EB3/5中国名额克扣(CSPA，偿还“六四学卡”的名额)。
这些条款自法案生效后的1年后生效。
7 SEC. 2306. NUMERICAL LIMITATIONS ON INDIVIDUAL FOR-
8 EIGN STATES.
9 (a) NUMERICAL LIMITATION TO ANY SINGLE FOR-
10 EIGN STATE.—Section 202(a)(2) (8 U.S.C. 1152(a)(2)) is
11 amended—
12 (1) in the paragraph heading, by striking
13 ‘‘AND EMPLOYMENT-BASED’’;
14 (2) by striking ‘‘(3), (4), and (5),’’ and insert-
15 ing ‘‘(3) and (4),’’;
16 (3) by striking ‘‘subsections (a) and (b) of sec-
17 tion 203’’ and inse... 阅读全帖 |
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s*******y
发帖数: 33 | 47 EB3在TSC,PD是2013年8月的。 140等了10个月，等到notice of intend to deny来，只
给30天回复，找出4大理由，让人很不理解，律师现在正在准备材料，。理由我以后慢
慢发上来。感觉移民官很奇怪，连以前的工作证明信都挑刺，比如没有签日期，没有公
司地址（有公司地址，用的是公司抬头纸）
我有一个问题，想请教大家
如果这次140最后还是被拒绝了，请问我可不可以以原来的PERM再申请一次EB3 140？这
样一是可以保留原来的PD，二是可以试试运气换一个移民官。
我这么问是受到了这个帖子的启发
http://www.immigration.com/sample-cases/noid/i-140-approved-fol
多谢，也求大家的祝福 |
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l**l
发帖数: 860 | 49 zz
Hi All,
Thanks for your support CCC by joining our dragon boat team. Here is some
information I want to pass to you about practice and registration before
racing. Please join me at least one practice if you are new to dragon boat.
However, I wish you could make both practice if we want to make better
record for racing.
The racing will be on August 21. We will have 2 practice times before the
racing, 1 hour each (1: August 13rd, 5:00-6:00 pm; 2: August 20th, 5:00-6:00
pm)
please visit the fol |
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