l*****o
发帖数: 19653 | 1 还真有更毒的：
The botulinum toxin, known as Clostridium Botulinum, is so poisonous that
injecting just 2 billionths of a gram, or inhaling 13 billionths of a gram,
will kill an adult. New Scientist reports: “The toxin blocks the release of
acetylcholine, the chemical secreted by nerves that makes muscles work. |
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s********o
发帖数: 3319 | 2 【 以下文字转载自 MedicalCareer 讨论区 】
发信人: herby (小臭宝), 信区: MedicalCareer
标 题: [合集] 你有生以来做出的最佳临床诊断是什么？
发信站: BBS 未名空间站 (Thu Jun 2 00:01:26 2011, 美东)
☆─────────────────────────────────────☆
Aplusplus (Hakuna Matata) 于 (Sun Mar 27 11:11:49 2011, 美东) 提到:
首先我申明，我放弃我的ignore list， 欢迎所有ID参加。
每个医生护士或者其他相关人员， 无论在中国还是美国， 肯定都有一些case刻骨铭心
。 请大家把你印象最深的一例写出来， 与大家分享。 比方说， 清华男被鉈杀案，
那个中国来的护士就是诊断的关键， 相信本例就是她一辈子也忘不了的诊断。
我觉得这样的讨论有助于大家提高学医热情，丰富医学知识，开拓临床思维， 间接帮
助考版医生复习，准备CS，和 interview. 你要是能从中挑一个case让你PD
impressed，我想我的... 阅读全帖 |
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s********o
发帖数: 3319 | 3 【 以下文字转载自 MedicalCareer 讨论区 】
发信人: herby (小臭宝), 信区: MedicalCareer
标 题: [合集] 你有生以来做出的最佳临床诊断是什么？
发信站: BBS 未名空间站 (Thu Jun 2 00:01:26 2011, 美东)
☆─────────────────────────────────────☆
Aplusplus (Hakuna Matata) 于 (Sun Mar 27 11:11:49 2011, 美东) 提到:
首先我申明，我放弃我的ignore list， 欢迎所有ID参加。
每个医生护士或者其他相关人员， 无论在中国还是美国， 肯定都有一些case刻骨铭心
。 请大家把你印象最深的一例写出来， 与大家分享。 比方说， 清华男被鉈杀案，
那个中国来的护士就是诊断的关键， 相信本例就是她一辈子也忘不了的诊断。
我觉得这样的讨论有助于大家提高学医热情，丰富医学知识，开拓临床思维， 间接帮
助考版医生复习，准备CS，和 interview. 你要是能从中挑一个case让你PD
impressed，我想我的... 阅读全帖 |
|
d*****n
发帖数: 259 | 4 你这又是一知半解，
小孩，尤其是一岁内的小孩，最好不要吃蜂蜜，是因为里面可能有肉毒毒素（
botulinum toxin)，会导致小孩软瘫。和蜂蜜本身有个鸟关系。
就像告诉你饭前便后要洗手一个道理，和食物本身没有半毛钱关系。 |
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c**i
发帖数: 6973 | 5 William Neuman, How safe Is That Cheese? Small creamery duels with FDA over
food safety; A symbolic battle in the larger fight between regulators and
producers. New York Times, Nov. 20, 2010.
http://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/20/business/20artisan.html?ref=business
Quote:
"listeria is a sometimes deadly bacteria that is especially hazardous for
the very young and the very old. Pregnant women who become infected can have
miscarriages or stillbirths.
"Federal and state regulators, meanwhile, say the... 阅读全帖 |
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e****7
发帖数: 4387 | 6 经常浏览各个北美华人网站的美食版，收益不少。随着北美华人逐年增多，看到每年自
制香肠，腊肉，火腿的网友越来越多。 一是自己制作干净放心，二是好吃的香肠在北
美不易购买，且价格不菲。
看过很多的方子，做法，也阅读了很多的参考资料，希望科普一下，和大家一起交流。
我要提出的问题主要和食品安全，健康有关。
一提起腊肠，不少人可能都会食指大动。不论是清蒸，小炒，或配饭，独特的风味都让
腊肠在我们的饭桌上占有一席之地。驰名中外的金华火腿，湖南腊肉更是一些美味佳肴
里的主要食材。
但说起腊肠，也让不少人谈虎变色。因为市场上绝大部分的香肠，腊肉，火腿都含有硝
酸盐，亚硝酸盐。亚硝酸盐不但致癌，本身也有毒（出自维基百科 http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/亚硝酸盐）。过量食入会致死。
既然亚硝酸盐这么可怕，那么为什么制作香肠，腊肉，火腿还要加入这个呢？有没有无
害的替代品呢？
在回答这个问题前，我想先说说亚硝酸盐到底是什么，它的危害到底在哪里。
以下来自搜搜百科（http://baike.soso.com/v104614.htm）
亚硝酸盐（英文名为Nitrite，化学分子式为N... 阅读全帖 |
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e****7
发帖数: 4387 | 7 经常浏览各个北美华人网站的美食版，收益不少。随着北美华人逐年增多，看到每年自
制香肠，腊肉，火腿的网友越来越多。 一是自己制作干净放心，二是好吃的香肠在北
美不易购买，且价格不菲。
看过很多的方子，做法，也阅读了很多的参考资料，希望科普一下，和大家一起交流。
我要提出的问题主要和食品安全，健康有关。
一提起腊肠，不少人可能都会食指大动。不论是清蒸，小炒，或配饭，独特的风味都让
腊肠在我们的饭桌上占有一席之地。驰名中外的金华火腿，湖南腊肉更是一些美味佳肴
里的主要食材。
但说起腊肠，也让不少人谈虎变色。因为市场上绝大部分的香肠，腊肉，火腿都含有硝
酸盐，亚硝酸盐。亚硝酸盐不但致癌，本身也有毒（出自维基百科 http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/亚硝酸盐）。过量食入会致死。
既然亚硝酸盐这么可怕，那么为什么制作香肠，腊肉，火腿还要加入这个呢？有没有无
害的替代品呢？
在回答这个问题前，我想先说说亚硝酸盐到底是什么，它的危害到底在哪里。
以下来自搜搜百科（http://baike.soso.com/v104614.htm）
亚硝酸盐（英文名为Nitrite，化学分子式为N... 阅读全帖 |
|
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g*****j
发帖数: 1211 | 9 Wow, raw honey. Aren't you concerned about botulinum toxin? |
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g*2
发帖数: 658 | 10 你有没有同时在服用抑制胃动力的药？ 有没有糖尿病？有没有腹部手术史？
感觉有些象Gastroparesis
wiki: Treatment includes dietary changes (low-fiber and low-residue diets,
and in some cases, restrictions on fat and/or solids), oral medications such
as metoclopramide (Reglan, Maxolon, Clopra), cisapride (Propulsid)(no
longer available in the US), erythromycin (E-Mycin, Erythrocin, Ery-Tab, EES
) and domperidone (Motilium); adjustments in insulin dosage for those with
diabetes, a jejunostomy tube, parenteral nutrition, implanted gastric
ne... 阅读全帖 |
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az
发帖数: 16686 | 11 Honey ingested in the first year can create a sticky situation for your baby
's health. Not only is it full of sugar (and cutting baby's sweet tooth is
something you should try to postpone for as long as possible), it may
contain the spores of Clostridium botulinum. Although harmless to adults,
these spores can cause botulism in babies — with constipation, poor
appetite, and lethargy as side effects. While some doctors okay honey at
eight months, most recommend waiting till year's end. |
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m******u
发帖数: 340 | 12 来自主题: NextGeneration版 - 鄙视自己一下 网上抄的。。。。
Sodium nitrite helps prevent the growth of Clostridium botulinum, which can
cause botulism in humans and is also used alone or in conjunction with
sodium nitrate as a color fixative in cured meat and poultry products (
bologna, hot dogs, bacon). During the cooking process, nitrites combine with
amines naturally present in meat to form carcinogenic N-nitroso compounds.
It is also suspected that nitrites can combine with amines in the human
stomach to form N-nitroso compounds. These compo... 阅读全帖 |
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l******i
发帖数: 48 | 13 "Honey shouldn't be given to a child under one as there is a small risk that
it can contain spores of the Clostridium botulinum bacterium which could
cause infant botulism. Symptoms may include constipation, listlessness and
lack of appetite."
不是过敏的问题，而是有可能会有感染到肉毒杆菌的危险。 |
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B******1
发帖数: 9094 | 14 Unfortunately, many court decisions are controversial and at least
detrimental to the losing party. For example, such controversy is amply
borne out in a recent case decided in the Supreme Court: AMP v. Myriad
Genetics, Inc. The Court says that genomic DNA molecules are not patent
eligible because they contain naturally-occurring sequences. However,
naturally occurring chemical entities can be patented if they are
sufficiently "isolated" from their naturally occurring states. Such patents
includ... 阅读全帖 |
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G***Y
发帖数: 9698 | 15 中毒源未确定 散装豆腐仍出售
侨报记者黄峰滔
【侨报记者黄峰滔3月31日纽约报道】疑因含肉毒杆菌(botulinum)导致法拉盛两华
裔居民入院的豆腐仍未下架。记者31日走访了法拉盛多家华人超市，发现几乎每家超市
都仍在销售这种散装在水盆中的豆腐。这种开放式储存、可任民众自行拿取的豆腐看起
来缺乏必要的卫生清洁保护。
一位缅街上超市的工作人员表示，未听说豆腐有问题，也没有接到任何下架的通知
。虽然纽约市卫生局并未最终确认此种豆腐就是导致两华裔中毒的来源，但由于中毒严
重者甚至可能导致死亡，因此呼吁民众丢弃所有在室温下购买的新鲜豆腐，家中如果有
类似豆腐、及用其制作的臭豆腐、腐乳等也应丢弃。
目前卫生局正与纽约州农业厅等其它单位合作，全力调查受病菌感染的豆腐来源与
原因。 |
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l**j
发帖数: 651 | 16 botox alternative下面一行蓝色小字写的 Botulinum toxin treatment
还是protein啊 呵呵 |
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r*******u
发帖数: 8732 | 17 一批假蟹肉魚丸魚餅 恐染肉毒桿菌勿食
【明報專訊】加拿大食物檢驗局(Canadian Food Inspection Agency)忠告安省與魁省
民眾﹐不要進食一些海洋食品(Ocean Food)公司的魚肉產品。聯邦官員指出﹐該公司特
定產品或被肉毒桿菌(Clostridium botulinum)污染﹐這病菌會引致肉毒桿菌中毒，或
有生命危險。
加拿大廣播公司(CBC)周二報道﹐回收的產品以Ocean Food﹑Sea Deli及Sushi Deli品
牌出售﹐內容物含有假蟹肉﹑魚丸與魚餅產品。
絕大多數產品的最佳保質期﹐最多到10月18日。但一個產品﹐Chikuwa魚餅最佳保質期
在8月29日前。
即時沒有與產品有關的生病報告。
肉毒桿菌中毒症狀﹐包括噁心﹑腹瀉﹑倦怠﹑視力模糊﹑口乾舌燥﹑說話與吞咽困難﹐
還有逐漸降低的手臂﹑腿部﹑軀體與橫隔膜肌痲痺。
根據食物檢驗局互聯網站﹐通常使染菌食物的12至36小時內開始出現症狀﹐持續2小時
至14天。
消費者和業界查詢更多資料﹐可撥打電話或查看網站﹕
海洋食品公司品質保證總監費爾南多(James Fernando)﹐電話416-285-... 阅读全帖 |
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g*2
发帖数: 658 | 18 这个要慎入。有问题，查个关键词，看看。
SPECIFIC INJURIES
Hip injuries
Overview and approach — Hip injuries are less common in runners than
injuries to the lower extremity and they can be difficult to diagnose.
Nevertheless, during jogging, the hip joint is subjected to loads up to
eight times body weight and both acute and chronic injuries can occur [55].
In runners, the differential diagnosis of hip pain includes gluteus medius
tendinopathy, piriformis syndrome, stress fracture of the femoral neck,
labral tear, a... 阅读全帖 |
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m****n
发帖数: 2754 | 20 请google
Botulinum toxin |
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s*****o
发帖数: 2490 | 21 河豚毒素，沙林毒气，肉毒杆菌毒素这些都比氰化钾，砒霜这些毒得多了，尤其是肉毒
杆菌毒素Botulinum toxin，是已知的毒性最高的毒素，而且吸入就能致死，吸入的
LD50大概是10ng/kg体重 |
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a******k
发帖数: 1190 | 22 砒霜根本不算厉害。
各种氰化物可能是最有名的剧毒了，但其实毒性可能还比不上毒鼠强
毒鼠强主要成分是四亚甲基二砜四胺（TETS, DSTA）
尼古丁致死量应该在这两者之间，
相思子毒素（Abrin）名气虽大，但连氰化物都比不上，楼上各位大侠肯定看不上
蓖麻毒素（Ricin）确实比较毒，大概比TETS强一百倍以上，各位以后注意收集蓖麻种子
海葵毒素（Palytoxin）与Ricin在伯仲之间，大约比河豚毒素（Tetrodotoxin，TTX）
略强
但他们都远远比不上刺尾鱼毒素（Maitotoxin，MTX）
鼎鼎大名的沙林（Sarin）和这些毒素的强度仿佛
在这之上是“勇闯夺命岛”里面提到的VX毒素，以及名气更大的炭疽毒素（Anthrax
toxin）
王者开始出现，肉杆菌毒素（Botulinum toxin）可以查到的LD50数字是1~10ng/kg，
也就是说一个成年人的致死量在60~600ng, 也就是说一克可以杀死1百多万到1千多万人
不过有人提到铊，这些放射性元素比如钋的毒性就不好衡量了。。。 |
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d*****n
发帖数: 19 | 23 Botulinum neurotoxin D-C uses synaptotagmin I/II as receptors and human
synaptotagmin II is not an effective receptor for type B, D-C, and G toxins.
Journal of Cell Science, In Press. Thanks a lot. |
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g***j
发帖数: 40861 | 24 J Food Prot. 2002 May;65(5):806-13.
Antimicrobial activity of foodborne Paenibacillus and Bacillus spp. against
Clostridium botulinum.
J Food Prot. 2001 Mar;64(3):361-6.
Improved agar diffusion method for detecting residual antimicrobial agents
s*****[email protected]
thanks |
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A******y
发帖数: 2041 | 25 I thought we are talking about natural products. If we are talking about
small molecule chemotherapy, Gleevec works very well for CML with limited
side-effects. You literally live a normal life today comparing to a decade
ago that it is literally a death sentence if you have CML. It costs about $
160K/yr today though...also retinoic-acid don't have much side-effects for
PML.
I don't have Pinyin on my computer, but toxins can be used safely as long as
you know how and how much to use. Allerga... 阅读全帖 |
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d****y
发帖数: 2180 | 26 Clostridium Botulinum toxin was found in Canned foods (eg, smoked fish,
mushrooms, vegetables, honey).
Presentation:
Descending weakness and paralysis start 1-4 days after ingestion, followed
by constipation.
Mortality is very high.
http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/175569-clinical#a0218 |
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A*******s
发帖数: 9638 | 27 Very well summarized, impressive!
Botulinum toxin causes descending paralysis started with diplopia,
dysartheria or dysphagia and facial paralysis. Vertigo is rare.
I agree with you on bacteria toxin. More common symptoms are N/V ,abdominal
pain and diarrhea. Dizziness is common but not vertigo.
When patient says dizzy, make sure if patient means lightheadedness or
vertigo. Big difference. |
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J**********i
发帖数: 925 | 28 An open study of botulinum-A toxin treatment of trigeminal neuralgia--E. J.
Piovesan
Thank you very much in advance |
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V*****G
发帖数: 337 | 29 Thanks for your cases, always can learn more!!!
For that case of food poisoning, I doubt it is staphy aureus, because the
main part of presentation is vertigo. The only thing I find close to that
presentation is Botulism. (I didn't reply at that time is because I cannot
surf often), I really think answer should be Clostridium Botulinum
http://www.livestrong.com/article/111800-botulism-poisoning-sym
Vision Changes
Patients who develop botulism poisoning typically experience vision changes
within ... 阅读全帖 |
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V*****G
发帖数: 337 | 30 Thanks for your cases, always can learn more!!!
For that case of food poisoning, I doubt it is staphy aureus, because the
main part of presentation is vertigo. The only thing I find close to that
presentation is Botulism. (I didn't reply at that time is because I cannot
surf often), I really think answer should be Clostridium Botulinum
http://www.livestrong.com/article/111800-botulism-poisoning-sym
Vision Changes
Patients who develop botulism poisoning typically experience vision changes
within ... 阅读全帖 |
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t****m
发帖数: 610 | 31 概念，LD50：Lethal Dose for 50% population.
最毒的无机物： Polonium210 钋[210] LD50 12.5 ng/Kg
最毒的非蛋白类有机物： Maitotoxin 刺尾鱼毒素 LD50 50ng/Kg
第二毒的非蛋白类有机物：Palytoxin 海葵毒素 LD50 100ng/Kg
最毒的蛋白： Botulinum toxin 肉毒杆菌毒素 LD50 40ng/Kg
对比：KCN 氰化钾 LD50 6mg/Kg
兰兰，以后别再跟我要氰化钾了，太不专业了。 |
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